Flora Sassoon

Flora Sassoon
Born Flora (Farha) Sassoon
18 November 1859
Bombay, India
Died January 14, 1936(1936-01-14) (aged 76)
London
Resting place Mount of Olives Cemetery, Jerusalem
Residence Bombay, India
England
Nationality Indian-British
Occupation Hebraist
businesswoman
Philanthropist
Religion Jewish
Spouse(s) Solomon David Sassoon
Children David Solomon Sassoon
Rachel Sassoon
Mozelle Sassoon
Parent(s) Ezekiel Gubbay
Aziza Sassoon

Flora Sassoon (18 November 1859 – 14 January 1936) was an Indian-English businesswoman, scholar, Hebraist and philanthropist.

Tombstone at the Mount of Olives Jewish Cemetery in Jerusalem, Israel.

Biography

Early life

Flora Gubbay was born in 1859 in Bombay, India.[1][2] Her father was Ezekiel Abraham Gubbay (1824–1896), a trader and businessman who had come to India from Baghdad, Iraq, and her mother, Aziza Sassoon (1839–1897).[1] Her maternal grandfather was Albert Abdullah David Sassoon (1818–1896).[2] As a result, her maternal great-grandfather was David Sassoon (1792–1864), a leading trader of cotton and opium who served as the treasurer of Baghdad between 1817 and 1829, and her maternal great-grandmother was his first wife, Hannah Joseph (1792–1826).[1][3][4][5] She had five siblings.[1]

She went to Catholic school and was also tutored privately from rabbis from Baghdad.[1] By the age of seventeen, she spoke Hebrew, Aramaic, Hindustani, English, French and German.[1] The Cairns Post described her once as one of the world's most learned women, making reference to her secular knowledge.[6]

Business

She took over her husband's trading business in India, David Sassoon & Company, shortly after his death.[7]

Judaism

An observant Orthodox Jew, she always travelled with her own prayer quorum of ten Jewish male adults[8] and was a strong supporter of the Balfour Declaration and a staunch zionist.[1] She also studied the Torah and wrote articles about Rashi, who were published in The Jewish Forum.[1][5][9] In 1924, she presided over the Annual Speech Day at the Jews' College, stressing the importance of a Jewish education.[1] Moreover, she often hosted famed Middle Eastern/Indian luncheons and dinners with Jewish cuisine,[1] meticulously prepared following the kashrut standards;[6] in order to guarantee that, she always travelled with her personal ritual slaughterer.[8]

Philanthropy

Whilst living in India, she was an avid supporter of Waldemar Haffkine (1860–1930),[10] who invented a vaccine against cholera, and encouraged reluctant Hindus and Muslims to take it.[1] Once she moved to England, she often donated to Jews around the world who appealed to her for money in their hours of need.[1]

Personal life

She married Solomon David Sassoon (1841–1894), the great-grandson of David Sassoon (1792–1864) by his second wife, Farha Hyeem (1814–1886); they were thus distant cousins.[1][3][4][5][11][12] They had three children:

They lived in Bombay.[11] After her husband's death, she moved to England.[1][11] She and her children visited Baghdad for the Jewish High Holidays in 1910, which constituted the event of the year in the city and she was introduced from all the important persons in the city, from the wali of Baghdad Hussain Nadim Pasha, and the Chief Rabbi Ezra Dangoor, to the kabbalist Ben Ish Chai.[13] She died in 1936,[1] at her mansion in Bruton Street, in London.[6]

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 Jewish Women's Archive: Flora Sassoon
  2. 1 2 3 William D. Rubinstein, The Palgrave Dictionary of Anglo-Jewish History, Palgrave Macmillan, 2011, p. 864
  3. 1 2 Irene Roth, Cecil Roth, historian without tears: a memoir, Sepher-Hermon Press, 1982, p. 91
  4. 1 2 Isaac Landman, The Universal Jewish Encyclopedia ...: An Authoritative and Popular Presentation of Jews and Judaism Since the Earliest Times, 1943, Volume 9, p. 375 [books.google.co.uk/books?id=XZ4YAAAAIAAJ&q="Flora+Sassoon"+1859–1936&dq="Flora+Sassoon"+1859–1936&hl=en&sa=X&ei=-eBYUsijL4Kx0QWKkYC4Dg&ved=0CF0Q6AEwCA]
  5. 1 2 3 Richard Ayoun, Haïm Vidal Séphiha, Séfarades d'hier et d'aujourd'hui: 70 portraits, L. Lévi, 1992, p. 137
  6. 1 2 3 A Flower Blooms in India
  7. ↑ Joan G. Roland, The Jewish Communities of India: Identity in a Colonial Era, Piscataway, New Jersey: Transaction Publishers, 1998, p. 18
  8. 1 2 Richard Ayoun, Haïm Vidal Sephiha. Sefardíes de ayer y de hoy: 71 retratos, pp. 146. (Spanish)
  9. ↑ Michael Kaufman, The Woman in Jewish Law and Tradition, J. Aronson, 1993, p. 81
  10. ↑ Hanhart, Joël (2016). Waldemar Mordekhaï Haffkine (1860-1930). Biographie intellectuelle. Paris: Honoré Champion. ISBN 978-2-7453-3074-1.
  11. 1 2 3 Orpa Slapak, The Jews of India: A Story of Three Communities, UPNE, 1995, p. 38
  12. ↑ Jewish Museum London: Bookplate of Solomon Sassoon
  13. ↑ The Sassoon's Return Visit to Baghdad
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