Francisco Dagohoy

Francisco Dagohoy
Born	Francisco Sendrijas 1724 Inabanga, Bohol (a residencia of Cebu)
Died	1800 or August 31, 1829 Talibon, Bohol
Organization	Boholano insurgents

Francisco Dagohoy, (born Francisco Sendrijas in 1724) was a Boholano who holds the distinction of having initiated the longest revolt in Philippine history, the Dagohoy Rebellion. This rebellion against the Spanish colonial government took place on the island of Bohol from 1744 to 1828,^[1] roughly 85 years.

About Dagohoy

Little is known of Francisco Dagohoy's lifestyle before the rebellion, or even his early life. The only information known is that his real name was Francisco Sendrijas and he was born in 1724, and that he was a native of brgy Cambitoon, Inabanga, Bohol. He was also cabeza de barangay, or one of the barangay captains of the town.

His name derives from an amulet ("dagon" in Cebuano) he wore, which people believed gave him the charm of a gentle wind or "hoyohoy" (or huyuhoy) and the power to jump from hill to hill or across rivers. He was believed to have clear vision inside dark caves and be invisible whenever and wherever he wanted. The name Dagohoy is a concatenation of the Visayan phrase dagon sa huyuhoy or "talisman of the breeze" in English.^[2]

The Dagohoy Rebellion (1744–1828)

The Dagohoy Rebellion was one of two significant revolts that occurred in Bohol during the Spanish Era. The other was the Tamblot Uprising in 1621 led by Tamblot, a babaylan or native priest from Bohol which was basically a religious conflict.^[3]

Unlike the Tamblot revolt, the Dagohoy rebellion was not a religious conflict. Rather, it was like most of the early revolts which were ignited by forced labor (polo y servicios), bandala, excessive tax collection and payment of tributes. On top of these injustices of the Jesuit priests, what triggered Dagohoy most was the refusal of the Jesuit priest to give a Christian burial to his brother who died in a duel. This caused Dagohoy to call upon his fellow Boholanos to raise arms against the oppressors. The rebellion outlasted several Spanish governors-general and several missions.

In 1744, Gaspar Morales, the Jesuit curate of Inabanga, ordered Francisco's brother, Sagarino, who was a constable, to capture an apostate fugitive. Sagarino pursued the fugitive, but the latter resisted and killed him. Morales refused to give Sagarino a Christian burial because he had died in a duel, a practice banned by the Church.^{[lower-alpha 1]}

Infuriated, Francisco instigated the people to rise in arms. The signal of the uprising was the killing of Giuseppe Lamberti, Italian jesuit curate of Jagna, on 24 January 1744. The rebellion rolled over the whole island like a typhoon; Morales was killed by Dagohoy afterwards. Bishop of Cebu, Miguel Lino de Espeleta, who exercised ecclesiastical authority over Bohol, tried in vain to mollify the rebellious Boholanos.

Dagohoy defeated the Spanish forces sent against him. He established the Bohol Republic,^[5] a free government in the mountains of Bohol on 20 December 1745, and had 3,000 followers, which subsequently increased to 20,000. His followers remained unsubdued in their mountains stronghold and, even after Dagohoy's death, continued to defy Spanish power.

A cave in Danao was the headquarters of Dagohoy. Many passages within Dagohoy's cave led underwater to dry land, and it is said that every time Spaniards searched the cave, Dagohoy could swim underwater through this passage to hide in the breathing space.^[6]

Twenty Spanish governors-general, from Gasper de la Torre (1739–45) to Juan Antonio Martínez (1822–25), tried to quell the rebellion and failed. In 1825, Mariano Ricafort Palacin (1825–30) became governor-general of the Philippines. Upon his order, alcalde-mayor Jose Lazaro Cairo, at the head of 2,200 Filipino-Spanish troops and several batteries, invaded Bohol on 7 May 1827. The Boholanos resisted fiercely. Cairo won several engagements, but failed to crush the rebellion. In April 1828, another Spanish expedition under Captain Manuel Sanz landed in Bohol. After more than a year of hard campaign, he finally subdued the patriots. By 31 August 1828, the rebellion had ceased. In a chivalric move, governor Ricafort pardoned 19,420 survivors and permitted them to live in new villages at the lowlands. These villages are now the towns of Batuan, Cabulao, Catigbian, and Bilar.

Dagohoy's Death

Francisco Dagohoy died in 1800 or August 31, 1829 at Talibon, Bohol.

Dagohoy's Legacy

Dagohoy features in the Bohol provincial flag as one of the two bolos or native swords with handle and hand-guards on top. These two bolos, which are reclining respectively towards the left and right, depict the Dagohoy and Tamblot revolts.^[2]

Dagohoy is acknowledged in Philippine history as the initiator of the longest insurrection on record. His revolt lasted 85 years (1744–1828).^[1]

The town of Dagohoy, Bohol is named in his honor. It was the former President Carlos P. Garcia (then Vice President), a Boholano, who proposed the name.

A historical marker on Dagohoy's grave in the mountains of Danao, Bohol has been placed in his honor. The Dagohoy Marker in Magtangtang, Danao,92 km (57 mi) from Tagbilaran was placed by the Philippine Historical Commission to honor the heroic deeds of Dagohoy.^[7] Magtangtang was Dagohoy's headquarters or hideout during the revolt. Hundreds of Dagohoy's followers preferred death inside the cave than surrender. Their skeletons still remain in the site.^[7]

The Dagohoy Memorial National High School in Dagohoy, Bohol is named in his honor.

Notes

1. Constantino claimed that Dagohoy's brother Sagarino was a renegade who had abandoned the Christian religion and that Father Morales ordered a native constable to arrest Sagarino. Sagarino resisted arrest and killed the constable before he himself died.^[4]

References

1. Zaide 1957.
2. Bohol-Philippines.com 2008.
3. Bohol Chronicle 2008.
4. Constantino & Constantino 1975.
5. Hellingman 2002.
6. Hellingman 2003.
7. Things to do and see in Bohol

Sources

• Bohol Chronicle, Jes Tirol (4 June 2006). "Abatan River Cruise: A travel through history". Archived from the original on March 9, 2008.
• Bohol-Philippines.com (16 January 2008). "Francisco Dagohoy: A Slice of History and Myth". Archived from the original on January 16, 2008.
• Hellingman, Jeroen (4 April 2002). "A Short History of Bohol (Part I)". IJsselstein. Archived from the original on June 1, 2002.
• Hellingman, Jeroen (5 October 2003). "Bohol, Cave Country". IJsselstein. Archived from the original on May 26, 2004.
• Constantino, Renato & Constantino, Letizia R. (1975). The Philippines: A Past Revisited. Tala Publishing Series. ISBN 9789718958001.

• Zaide, Gregorio F (1957). Philippine Political and Cultural History. I. Philippine Education Company. ASIN B008Q24O10.

External links

• Abeto, Isidro Escare (1989). "XXXIV The Longest Fight for Reform". Philippine history : reassessed. The United States and its Territories 1870–1925: The Age of Imperialism. Manila: Integrated Publishing House. pp. 167–169.

• Artigas y Cueva, Manuel (1916). Historia de Filipinas para uso de los alumnos del Instituto Burgos y de otros colegios particulares: pro Manuel Artigas y Cuerva. Manila: La Pilarica. p. 192.

• Blair, Emma Helen & Robertson, James Alexander, eds. (1907). The Philippine Islands, 1493–1898. Volume 48 of 55 (1751–1765). Historical introduction and additional notes by Edward Gaylord BOURNE. Cleveland, Ohio: Arthur H. Clark Company. ISBN 978-1103521159. Explorations by early navigators, descriptions of the islands and their peoples, their history and records of the catholic missions, as related in contemporaneous books and manuscripts, showing the political, economic, commercial and religious conditions of those islands from their earliest relations with European nations to the close of the nineteenth century.

• Corpuz, O. D. (2007). The Roots of the Filipino Nation. Vol. 1. University of Hawaii Press. ISBN 978-9715424608.