Franz König (surgeon)

Monument to Franz König in Charité University Hospital in Berlin

Franz König (February 10, 1832 – December 12, 1910) was a German surgeon. He was born in Rotenburg an der Fulda and died in Grunewald near Berlin.

In 1855 he received his doctorate from the University of Marburg, and was later district wound surgeon (Amtswundarzt) in Hanau. Afterwards he was a professor of surgery at the universities of Rostock (from 1869) and Göttingen (from 1875), and eventually at the Charité-Berlin, where in 1895 he succeeded Heinrich Adolf von Bardeleben.^[1] In 1904 he was succeeded at the Charité by Otto Hildebrand.^[2]

König is largely remembered for his work in bone and joint surgery. He was the first surgeon to perform a successful internal fixation of proximal femur fractures. In 1887, he published a paper on the cause of loose bodies in the joint. In his paper, König concluded:^[3]

1. That trauma had to be very severe to break off parts of the joint surface.
2. That lesser degrees of trauma might contuse the bone to cause an area of necrosis which might then separate.
3. That in some cases, the absence of trauma worth mentioning made it likely that there existed some spontaneous cause of separation.

König named the disease "osteochondritis dissecans",^[4] describing it as a subchondral inflammatory process of the knee, resulting in a loose fragment of cartilage from the femoral condyle.

In 1892 he provided a comprehensive description of hemophilic arthropathy. He is credited for formulating three stages of hemophilic joint disease.^[5][6]

Associated eponym

• König's syndrome: Various abdominal symptoms caused by an incomplete obstruction of the small intestine.

Notes

1. König, Franz Hessian Biography
2. Görres - Hittorp / edited by Rudolf Vierhaus Deutsche Biographische Enzyklopaedie
3. König F (December 1888). "Uber freie Korper in den gelenken" (PDF). Deutsche Zeitschrift für Chirurgie. 27 (1–2): 90–109. doi:10.1007/BF02792135.
4. Barrie HJ (November 1987). "Osteochondritis dissecans 1887–1987. A centennial look at König's memorable phrase" (PDF). Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery (British). 69 (5): 693–5. PMID 3316236.
5. Factor VIII - von WIllebrand Factor, Volume 1 by M. J. Seghatchian, G. F. Savidge
6. Looking Back on X-Rays and Hemophilic Arthropathy Richards Review 05-2011_Layout 1 5/19/11

References

• Franz König at Who Named It
• Proximal femur fractures: the pioneer era of 1818 to 1925 Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2004 Feb;(419):306-10.