French minesweepers Inkerman and Cerisoles

History
France
Name:	Inkerman and Cerisoles
Ordered:	1917
Builder:	Canadian Car and Foundry of Fort William, Ontario
Laid down:	1918
Launched:	1918
Christened:	11 November 1918
Maiden voyage:	13 November 1918
Nickname(s):	"Holy Grail"
Fate:	Disappeared in a storm in November 1918 with all 78 crewmembers
Notes:	Location: Unknown

Inkerman and Cerisoles were two French minesweepers named after major battles fought during the Crimean War and Italian war, and which vanished on their maiden voyage in a storm on Lake Superior in mid-November 1918. No traces of the two vessels have ever been found. 76 French sailors and two Canadian captains disappeared along with the minesweepers. Inkerman and Cerisoles are the last warships to disappear on the Great Lakes, and their sinkings caused the largest loss of life of any Lake Superior shipwreck.

Vessel specifications

Inkerman and Cerisoles were Navarin-class minesweepers, designed to clear naval mines in the English Channel. Built at the Canada Car and Foundry Company in what was then known as Fort William, Ontario, the vessels were 140 feet (43 m) long, and displaced 630 tons. Their steel-framed wooden hulls were divided into four water-tight compartments. Each ship was fitted with twin screws and a single funnel, and had a top speed of about 12 knots (22 km/h; 14 mph). Two 100 mm (4 in) deck guns, with a range of about 20 kilometres (22,000 yd), were located forward and aft. It was rumored that because of the end of World War I, construction funds were cut short and wooden plugs took the place of metal rivets in the minesweepers, which could have led to their demise. A sister ship called Sebastopol was built alongside Inkerman and Cerisoles, and almost sank during its maiden voyage.

French naval documents refer to the ships as "chalutiers" not "drageurs de mines." This is because the ships were designed to function as fishing trawlers after the war.

Maiden voyage and loss

In the middle of November 1918, the three minesweepers Inkerman, Cerisoles, and Sebastopol left the harbour of Fort William, Ontario, on the northern shore of Lake Superior, headed for the Atlantic Ocean via the Great Lakes and the St. Lawrence River. 76 French sailors made up the crews of Inkerman and Cerisoles, with the addition of two veteran Canadian captains, Capt. R. Wilson and W.J. Murphy. As the ships steamed further into Lake Superior, they encountered a blizzard with recorded winds of 50 miles per hour (80 km/h) and waves 30 ft (9.1 m) high. All three ships soon lost sight of each other through the snow and waves. The storm was so bad that a sailor aboard Sebastopol said "We had to get out the life boats and put on lifebelts ... the boat almost sank – and it was nearly 'goodbye' to anyone hearing from us again ... You can believe me, I will always remember that day. I can tell you that I had already given myself up to God." Water poured into Sebastopol, flooding part of her engine room and nearly putting out the coal fires in her boilers. The storm pounded Sebastopol for two days but the vessel managed to reach Sault Ste. Marie, at the eastern end of Lake Superior. What soon became apparent was that Inkerman and Cerisoles were nowhere to be found. As days passed, rumours spread that the warships sailed through the locks unnoticed all the way to the St. Lawrence River, but it was assumed the ships were lost. On 3 December 1918, ten days after the three ships left Fort William, a search effort was launched, but because of wartime censorship it was small and the public was left out of the search. The public knew nothing of the loss of Inkerman and Cerisoles until wartime censorship in Canada ended in 1918. No wreckage of Inkerman or Cerisoles was ever found, and their exact whereabouts and fate remain unknown.

Search for the wrecks

In what is being called the "Holy Grail" of the Great Lakes, a search for Inkerman and Cerisoles is under way, led by the shipwreck hunter Tom Farnquist, known for removing the bell from SS Edmund Fitzgerald. The search has been ongoing but no strong finds to date.

List and fate of the French minesweepers built by Canadian Car and Foundry

Hull #	Original name	Original owner	Vessel type	Built	Disposition
1	Narvarin	French Navy	Trawler	September 1918	Deleted 1965
2	Mantoue	French Navy	Trawler	September 1918	sold 1949
3	St. Georges	French Navy	Trawler	November 1918	Deleted 1952
4	Leoben	French Navy	Trawler	November 1918	Deleted 1933
5	Palestro	French Navy	Trawler	October 1918	Deleted 1936
6	Lutzen	French Navy	Trawler	November 1918	Wrecked on Cape Cod 1939
7	Bautzen	French Navy	Trawler	November 1918	Foundered 1961
8	Inkerman	French Navy	Trawler	November 1918	Unknown
9	Cerisoles	French Navy	Trawler	November 1918	Unknown
10	Sebastopol	French Navy	Trawler	November 1918	Wrecked in 1933 off Cape St Francis
11	Malakoff	French Navy	Trawler	November 1918	Foundered Bay Roberts 1974
12	Seneff	French Navy	Trawler	November 1918	Wrecked near Canso 1955

References

Diane Robnik, "New Light on 1918 Minesweepers Mystery," Thunder Bay Historical Museum Society, Papers and Records, XLII (2014), 3-15. ISBN 978-0-920119-63-1. Robnik's study makes use of newly translated documents from the French naval archives in Paris.

External links

• Mark Bourrie, "Treasure hunters seek Lake Superior's 'Holy Grail'", Toronto Star, 18 October 2009, retrieved 31 December 2011.