Friday night death slot

The "Friday night death slot" is a perceived graveyard slot in American television. It implies that a television program in the United States scheduled on Friday evenings (typically, between 8:00 and 11:00 p.m. ET) is destined for cancellation.

The term possibly began as a reflection of certain shows' dominance of Friday night in the 1980s and 1990s, which condemned to death any television show scheduled opposite those programs.[1][2][3] Today, it reflects the belief that young, single Americans rarely watch television on Friday or Saturday nights, thereby removing from the household the most lucrative demographic for advertisers.[4][5]

Programs affected by the "death slot"

ABC

TGIF was a successful block for ABC, which ran from 1989 to 2000 (although the network had been running a sitcom block on Fridays beginning in 1987); it focused primarily on family-friendly sitcoms. The network had also had success with a block featuring The Partridge Family and 'The Brady Bunch in the same time slots during the early 1970s. Following the slow collapse of TGIF in the late 1990s, Friday night has fallen into a lower priority for the network. The following are examples of ABC network shows that started on Friday nights and lasted a few episodes, or were moved to Friday nights, lost the battle for television ratings, and were eventually canceled:

Years aired Series Seasons lasted before cancellation
1960–1966 The Flintstones Sixth and final season. The first three seasons aired in the same time slot to much greater success before moving to Thursdays, then back to Fridays at the end of its run.
1981–1982 Darkroom First and only season
1986 Sidekicks First and only season
1998–1999 Two of a Kind First and only season
1998–2001 Two Guys and a Girl Fourth and final season.
1999–2000 Odd Man Out First and only season.
1999–2001 The Norm Show[6] Third and final season (2001). Although initially subject to stellar ratings, the second season saw ratings fluctuate due to timeslot changes.
1999–2002 Once and Again Third and final season
2002–2005 8 Simple Rules Third and final season. The series moved to this timeslot when ratings declined following the death of star John Ritter early in the previous season.
2002–2004 Life with Bonnie Second and final season
2004–2005 Complete Savages First and only season
2005 Hot Properties First and only season
2006–2010 Ugly Betty[7][8] Fourth and final season (2009). The series moved to this timeslot due to disappointing ratings during season three in its previous Thursday timeslot. It moved to Wednesday nights partway through the season.
2006 In Justice First and only season
2007–2008 Women's Murder Club First and only season
2009 Surviving Suburbia Moved to Friday midway through its first and only season.
2009 The Goode Family Moved to Friday midway through its first and only season.
2011–2013 Happy Endings[9] Third and final season. The final 10 episodes of the series moved to this timeslot in March 2013, due to disappointing ratings on Tuesdays when it was paired with Don't Trust the B---- in Apartment 23, having previously lost Modern Family as its season two lead-in.
2012–2013 Malibu Country First and only season.
2012–2014 The Neighbors[10] Second and final season. Though its lead-in, Last Man Standing, was renewed for its fourth season.
2014–2015 Cristela First and only season.

Fox

Perhaps the network which has received the most attention, and has become the most well known for the "Friday Night Death Slot" has been Fox.[11]

The following are all examples of Fox shows that either started on Friday nights and lasted only a few episodes, or were moved to Friday nights, suffered from dismal ratings, and were eventually canceled.

Years aired Series Seasons lasted before cancellation
1993–1994 The Adventures of Brisco County, Jr.[12] First and only season. Music from the show was later utilized for coverage of the Olympic Games.
1994 M.A.N.T.I.S.[13]
1995 VR.5[14]
1999–2000 Harsh Realm First and only season.
2000 FreakyLinks Cancelled midway through its first and only season.
2000–2002 Dark Angel Second and final season.
2000–2004 Boston Public[15] Fourth and final season.
2001–2006 The Bernie Mac Show Fifth and final season.
2002–2003 Firefly[16] Canceled during its first and only season, leaving three of its fourteen episodes unaired.
2002–2003 Fastlane Moved to Friday midway through its first and only season.
2002–2003 John Doe
2003 Wanda at Large Second and final season.
2003 Luis Cancelled during its first and only season, airing only 5 of its 10 episodes in the U.S.
2004 Wonderfalls[16][17]
2005 Jonny Zero
2005 Killer Instinct
2005–2009 Prison Break Moved to Friday midway through its fourth and final season.
2006 Vanished[18] Moved to Friday midway through its first and only season.
2006 Justice Moved to Friday midway through its first and only season.
2006–2007 Standoff Moved to Friday midway through its first and only season.
2007 The Wedding Bells[19]
2008 The Return of Jezebel James
2008 Canterbury's Law Moved to Friday midway through its first and only season
2007–2009 Are You Smarter Than a 5th Grader? Third season, last one to air on Fox. The fourth and fifth seasons were broadcast on MyNetworkTV and syndication outlets with a different format starting in September 2009. Fox revived the show for a sixth season in November 2014.
2007–2009 Don't Forget the Lyrics Third season, last one to air on Fox. Moved to MyNetworkTV and syndication outlets with a new format in 2010.
2008–2009 Terminator: The Sarah Connor Chronicles Moved to Friday midway through its second and final season.
2009 Brothers
2009 'Til Death Received a fourth season order primarily to gain enough episodes for syndication, and was moved to Fridays for the early part of the season.
2009–2010 Dollhouse
2010 The Good Guys Moved to Friday midway through its first and only season.
2010–2014 Raising Hope Fourth and final season
2012 The Finder[20] Moved to Friday midway through its first and only season.
2012–2013 Touch Second and final season.
2014 Rake Moved to Friday midway through its first and only season.[21]
2014 Utopia Moved to Fridays less than a month into its first and only season; canceled one month later after 12 episodes due to extremely low ratings.[22]
2016 Second Chance Moved to Friday midway through its first and only season.

In January 2011, the sci-fi drama Fringe, then in its third season, was moved into this slot from Thursdays. According to Fox Entertainment President Kevin Reilly, nearly half of Fringe's viewership time shifts the show to watch at their convenience, and that "if it does anywhere near what it did on Thursdays, we can glue that show to the schedule because it can be a big win for us".[23] The Fox network created a promotional advertisement for Fringe that lampooned its reputation of the Friday night death slot prior to Fringe's move.[24][25] Despite encountering lower ratings after its move, Fringe was renewed for a fourth season,[26] and later for a shortened final fifth season to allow the creators to complete the story arc they had set out at the start of the program as well as to reach 100 episodes, allowing the show to be resold in syndication. Critics praised Fox for taking the risk and profit lost on the show to satisfy the creators' desires and fans' requests to complete the show's primary story.[27] The series finale aired on January 18, 2013.

After 20 years of unsuccessfully finding programming to fill the Friday night death slot, Fox gave up, leaving a one-hour empty hole on that night in the 9:00 p.m. (Eastern Time) hour for the 2013–14 schedule. Encores of Fox programming from the previous week originally aired in that timeslot. However, in November 2012, in the hopes of revitalizing Fox's Friday ratings, the sitcom Raising Hope moved from Tuesdays to Fridays for its fourth season, airing in the 9 p.m. half-hour; the freshman sitcom, Enlisted premiered in the 9:30 p.m. slot before both series swapped timeslots in late January. This “encore slot” was made a permanent part of the schedule for the 2014-15 season. Fox did not include an “encore slot” in 2015-16, but the show chosen to fill the 9:00 p.m. time slot was the low-budget panel game World's Funniest Fails.

NBC

One of the earliest and most famous examples of the "Friday Night Death Slot" phenomenon started with the original Star Trek on NBC.[28]

The second season of Star Trek aired on Fridays from 8:30–9:30 p.m. (Eastern Time). Though NBC discussed plans to move it to a 7:30–8:30 p.m. slot on Mondays for mid-season, that never occurred. After fans deluged NBC with a mail-in protest, producer Gene Roddenberry stated that he was promised the same 8:30–9:30 time slot for Season 3, but airing on Monday instead of Friday. However, that would have meant Rowan & Martin's Laugh-In had to start a half-hour later (moving from 9:00 to 9:30). Laugh-In producer George Schlatter saw no reason why his show, which was a ratings smash at the time, had to yield its slot to the poorly rated Star Trek, and he made no secret of his displeasure.[29] Star Trek instead remained on Fridays, moving to the even less desirable 10:00 p.m. timeslot. Lamented Roddenberry, "If the network wants to kill us, it couldn't make a better move."[28]

The following are examples of NBC shows that started on Friday nights and lasted for a few episodes, or were moved to Friday nights, lost the battle for television ratings, and were eventually canceled:

Years aired Series Seasons lasted before cancellation
1940–68 The Bell Telephone Hour Last season, after 28 years on air. Already one of the last highbrow Golden Age of Television shows on the air, this final season consisted mostly of documentaries and not the concert performances seen and heard in the 27 prior seasons.
1980 Pink Lady Moved to Friday after its first episode, canceled four weeks after the move with one episode unaired. Widely considered one of the worst TV shows of all time.
1982 Cassie & Company First and only season.
1982–1986 Knight Rider Fourth and final season.
1983–1987 The A-Team Fifth and final season
1984–1986 Riptide Third and final season
1987–1993 A Different World Moved to Friday midway through its sixth and final season
1987-1997 Unsolved Mysteries Moved to Fridays in the fall of 1994 and was canceled three years later.
1988–1991 Midnight Caller Third and final season
1988–1992 Dear John Fourth and final season
1999–2005 Third Watch Moved from Mondays to Fridays starting with the fifth episode of its fifth season, and ended it's run after its sixth season
2002–2003 Boomtown Second and final season
2003 Miss Match Cancelled during its first and only season, airing only 11 of its 18 episodes in the U.S.
2003 Mister Sterling First and only season
2004–2005 Medical Investigation First and only season
2005 Law & Order: Trial by Jury First and only season
2006 The Book of Daniel First and only season
2006 Conviction First and only season
2007–2012 Chuck Fifth and final season
2008–2009 Lipstick Jungle Second and final season
2010 Outlaw First and only season
2011–2012 Rock Center with Brian Williams Moved to Fridays (the fourth time slot for the series) partway through its second and final season.
2013–2014 Dracula First and only season
2014–2016 Undateable Third and final season
2014–2015 Constantine First and only season
2015 Truth Be Told First and only season

CBS

CBS was the most successful network on Friday nights in the 1980s due to their hit shows Dallas and Falcon Crest, but both shows were struggling by the end of the decade and were cancelled in the early 1990s. In an effort to revive Friday night television in the 1990s, and to compete with ABC's successful TGIF block of family comedies airing opposite it, CBS first attempted to compete with ABC launching a comedy night in the fall of 1992 with The Golden Palace (a spin-off/continuation of NBC's The Golden Girls), Major Dad and Designing Women, along with a new sitcom from Bob Newhart, Bob. The Golden Girls had been a top-10 hit on Saturday nights for NBC (though it had fallen to 30th in its final season), while Major Dad and Designing Women had also been top-10 hits on Monday nights, and Newhart's previous sitcom, Newhart, had spent most of its run in the top 30. Nevertheless, this effort failed, and only Bob was renewed for the 1993–1994 season, only to end in December 1993.[30] A later effort to counterprogram TGIF, the CBS Block Party (which included former TGIF series Family Matters and Step by Step, both of which were hits for several years while on ABC before both shows were canceled in 1997), met a similar fate in the fall of 1997.[31]

In 2013, CBS moved Vegas to Friday nights to make room for Golden Boy, another cop drama. Both shows were eventually canceled during their first year.

In general, however, CBS has found ways, particularly in the years following the cancellation of the Block Party, to be at least somewhat more successful in the Friday night time slots than its broadcast competitors.[32][33]

The following are all examples of CBS shows that either started on Friday nights and lasted a few episodes, or moved to Friday nights, lost the battle for television ratings, and were eventually cancelled:

Years aired Series Seasons lasted before cancellation
1958–1960 The Lucy-Desi Comedy Hour Last thirteen episodes. An hourlong revival of I Love Lucy that aired sporadically as part of Westinghouse Desilu Playhouse, dwindling ratings and the disintegrating marriage between Lucille Ball and Desi Arnaz led to the show's end.
1970 Headmaster Only season. Lasted 14 episodes.
1971 The New Andy Griffith Show Only season. Last-minute replacement for Headmaster; lasted 10 episodes. One of many shows caught in the rural purge.
1986–1993 Designing Women Seventh and final season.
1989–1993 Major Dad Fourth and final season.
1992–1993 Bob Second and final season.
1992–1993 The Golden Palace First and only season; eighth and final season (only one on CBS) in the continuity of The Golden Girls storyline.
1993 The Building First and only season.
1993–1997 Dave's World Fourth and final season.
1994–1995 Under Suspicion First and only season.
1995 Dweebs First and only season.
1996–2000 Cosby Moved to Friday midway through its fourth and final season.
1997–1998 Family Matters Ninth and final season. Only season to air on CBS.
1997–1998 Step by Step Seventh and final season. Only season to air on CBS after declining ratings in seasons five and six.
1997–1998 The Gregory Hines Show First and only season
1997–2005 JAG Tenth and final season (2004). The series ran on CBS since the second season and moved to Fridays at the beginning of the ninth season.
1999–2005 60 Minutes II Last three months of the series' run, which had otherwise run on Wednesdays. The series was already heavily damaged by the Killian documents controversy by the time it moved to a burn-off slot on Fridays.[34]
2000–2002 That's Life Second and final season.
2001–2002 The Ellen Show First and only season.
2002–2003 Robbery Homicide Division First and only season.
2003–2005 Joan of Arcadia Second and final season.
2005–2007 Close to Home Second and final season.
2007–2008 Moonlight First and only season.
2008 The Ex List First and only season. Leaving nine of its thirteen episodes unaired.
2005–2011 Medium Seventh and final season. Two seasons aired on CBS after suffered declining ratings in season five.
2010–2011 The Defenders Moved to Friday nights midway through its first and only season.
2011–2012 A Gifted Man First and only season.
2012 Made in Jersey First and only season. The remaining episodes moved to Saturdays partway for the season.
2012–2013 Vegas Moved to Friday nights midway through its first and only season.
2013 The Job First and only season. Canceled after two episodes due to extreme low ratings.

Other networks

WWE Friday Night SmackDown!, originally named SmackDown!, was first broadcast on UPN on Thursdays to compete with WCW Thunder (eventually forcing Thunder to Wednesdays because of high ratings for SmackDown!, before a majority of the assets belonging to WCW were ultimately purchased by Vince McMahon in 2001). UPN moved the show to Friday nights in the United States on September 9, 2005, because of low ratings in its original Thursday night slot, and the show retained its Friday night time slot after moving to The CW in September 2006. Upon its move to the "death slot," UPN/The CW Friday nights saw a substantial increase in ratings over UPN's movies and most of The WB's sitcoms. SmackDown! had also initially garnered even better ratings in the death slot than the ratings on its former Thursday night airings (after WCW was bought by WWE in 2001). Despite this, The CW chose not to renew SmackDown's contract in 2008 due to the change of the demographic of the network's viewers (shifting more towards women 12–34 years of age), and the show moved to MyNetworkTV that fall,[35] eventually leaving network television altogether with a move to SyFy in 2010. Smackdown then permanently moved to the USA Network in 2016, thus sharing the same network as WWE's flagship show, Raw.

UPN also moved Star Trek: Enterprise to Friday nights[7] at the start of its fourth and final season in 2004. The show was pre-empted many times that season and suffered very low ratings with many fans choosing to watch the weekend replays instead.

Exceptions

Despite its reputation, Friday night prime time has also seen numerous successful series run for multiple years. The aforementioned Dallas rated in the Top 10 of the Nielsen ratings for seven consecutive seasons and was the top-rated series for three of those seasons. It had also aired the all-time most watched non-series finale single U.S. television episode (in the 1980 resolution episode of the internationally prominent Who Shot J.R. cliffhanger). In the 1970s, NBC's Sanford and Son managed to crack the Top 10 throughout its run except in its final season, despite airing its entire run on Friday nights.

ABC branded the evening TGIF and, for many years, scheduled a number of long-running sitcoms that evening, such as Perfect Strangers, Full House, Family Matters, and Sabrina, the Teenage Witch. Last Man Standing which was successful, was not affected in the death slot. Law and Order: Special Victims Unit developed a large and loyal audience on NBC on Friday nights when it was moved there from Mondays in the middle of the first season in January 2000. SVU remained on Fridays through the second, third and fourth seasons before moving to Tuesdays in season five in September 2003. Now airing on Wednesdays, SVU is in its 18th season as of September 2016.

More recently, the CBS fantasy series Ghost Whisperer enjoyed a successful five-season run on Friday nights, as did the light crime thriller Numb3rs, which ran for six. Currently airing shows Hawaii Five-0 and Blue Bloods are also faring well, though they admittedly appeal to older audiences who are more likely to stay home on Friday nights (CBS in and of itself typically targets a slightly older key demographic than its competitors). In May 2014, the long-running reality TV series The Amazing Race moved from Sunday to Friday nights.[36]

The CW show Supernatural was moved to Friday for its 6th and 7th seasons, allegedly to test its true drawing power compared to the stations more glitzy drama shows. Many fans, knowing about the 'death slot', feared that this meant it was on its way to be cancelled but actually increased in viewership. This led to the network moving them back up into mid-week scheduling, eventually back to its original WB slot, Tuesdays. In 2015, midseason, the show was moved to Wednesday evenings where it had also aired. For a majority of the show's run, the program was scheduled on Thursdays, Mondays being the only weekday it was not aired on and it has maintained its audience in all time slots.

A general exception to the "Death Slot" is in regards to children's television. Disney Channel and Cartoon Network have long experienced success on Friday nights with their respective children's program blocks. Cartoon Network's success on this night began in 1999 with the launch of Cartoon Cartoon Fridays (later known as simply Fridays), a two-hour block of original animated series during primetime that included hit series such as Dexter's Laboratory, The Powerpuff Girls, Cow & Chicken, Johnny Bravo, Samurai Jack, Foster's Home for Imaginary Friends, and Camp Lazlo. After the block was discontinued in 2007, Cartoon Network shifted its programming towards more action-oriented series such as Star Wars: The Clone Wars and Ben 10 in the Friday primetime slot. Disney Channel did not begin airing original programming on Friday evenings until 2001; premieres of its made-for-cable films moved to that night from Saturdays that year. This was followed by its original series in 2007 (which had aired during the two hours preceding the designated "Death Slot" period); since then, Disney Channel has been successful with its original programming on that night (which have included popular series such as Hannah Montana, Wizards of Waverly Place, Jessie, Girl Meets World and The Suite Life on Deck – the latter of which was the number one series among children between the ages of 6 and 12 years in 2008[37]). Its original movies have also generally performed well on Friday nights; in particular, the August 17, 2007 premiere of High School Musical 2 was the channel's highest-rated made-for-cable film to date, and holds the Nielsen record for the highest-rated made-for-cable movie premiere and the highest-rated non-sports program in the history of basic cable, it was watched by 17.2 million viewers.[38]

See also

References

  1. ↑ Katherine Phillips. "Witty sitcoms scheduled in Friday night death slot," Richmond Times-Dispatch, March 28, 1986, page 46: "ABC is sending two of this season's brightest new sitcoms to certain death at the hands of J.R. Ewing and his Dallas clan."
  2. ↑ John Voorhees. "ABC reshuffles schedule for ratings but deals only two new shows," The Seattle Times, December 13, 1985, page C5: "Also being dropped is Our Family Honor, the ABC series that has had the distinction of being the lowest-rated Nielsen show almost every week since its debut. It is in the Friday night death slot of 10 pm, against Miami Vice and Falcon Crest.'
  3. ↑ Knight-Ridder News Service. 'Family Honor' ditched for 'Spenser', Lexington Herald-Leader (KY), October 19, 1985, page C6: "Spenser: For Hire, the above-par detective series starring Robert Urich, is being moved out of the Friday-night death slot opposite Miami Vice and Falcon Crest. ... To make room for "Spenser," ABC is taking "Our Family Honor" off the air [Tuesdays], at least for a while and perhaps permanently.
  4. ↑ News: Election 2006, The Austin Chronicle
  5. ↑ Goodman, Tim (October 10, 2007). "Saturday night is dead, yes, but Friday, too?". San Francisco Chronicle. pp. E1. Retrieved February 7, 2012.
  6. ↑ "Looking Back on Christmas Past with Norm MacDonald". Splitsider. Retrieved October 27, 2015.
  7. 1 2 "'Grimm' and other shows that have escaped the Friday Night Death Slot". Entertainment Weekly's EW.com. Retrieved October 27, 2015.
  8. ↑ "ABC cancels Ugly Betty; killed by Friday night death slot". avclub.com. Retrieved October 27, 2015.
  9. ↑ "'Happy Endings' Returns to Low Ratings". Splitsider. Retrieved October 27, 2015.
  10. ↑ "INTO THE NEXT STAGE: The New Fall Season — Three Shows Starring Asians … All on ABC". rafu.com. Retrieved October 27, 2015.
  11. ↑ The 20 Greatest Shows Cancelled by Fox Before their Time. Topless Robot: August 14, 2009
  12. ↑ Weiner, Allison Hope (2001-01-12). "Silence of the Lam". Entertainment Weekly (577). Archived from the original on April 21, 2009.
  13. ↑ "The Encyclopedia of Superheroes on Film and Television, 2d ed.". google.com. Retrieved October 27, 2015.
  14. ↑ "Science Fiction Television Series, 1990-2004". google.com. Retrieved October 27, 2015.
  15. ↑ "Breaking News - 'Bernie,' 'Boston' Make Friday Switch on Fox - TheFutonCritic.com". thefutoncritic.com. Retrieved October 27, 2015.
  16. 1 2 Emily Nussbaum. "Same Night, Same Channel, Same Giant Bummer" (interview with Tim Minear on the demise of Angel, Firefly, and Wonderfalls, The New York Times, April 18, 2004, page 25, column 1.
  17. ↑ Minear, Tim (March 16, 2004). "An Open Letter from Tim Minear". TimMinear.net. Retrieved November 3, 2007.
  18. ↑ Ryan, Maureen. 'Smith' is gone, 'Heroes' gets a full season: TV news you can use. Chicago Tribune: October 6, 2006.
  19. ↑ Wedding Bells in Jump The Shark Archived October 24, 2007, at the Wayback Machine.
  20. ↑ Derschowitz, Jessica. Fox renews "Touch," cancels "The Finder," "Alcatraz" – Celebrity Circuit – CBS News. CBS News: May 10, 2012.
  21. ↑ Pergament, Alan (March 4, 2014). Ellen, Milbury, ex-Ch.2 reporter all take shots. The Buffalo News. Retrieved March 4, 2014.
  22. ↑ Raftery, Liz. "Fox Pulls Utopia from Tuesday Nights". TVGuide.com. TV Guide. Retrieved 2 October 2014.
  23. ↑ Rice, Lynette (November 22, 2010). "Fox execs on 'American Idol,' 'Fringe' moves: 'It's the right moment'". Entertainment Weekly. Retrieved November 30, 2010.
  24. ↑ Buchaan, Kyle (December 14, 2010). "Fox Markets Fringe With New 'Friday Death Slot' Ad". New York Magazine. Retrieved December 16, 2010.
  25. ↑ Jensen, Jeff (December 16, 2010). "'Fringe' exclusive: Fox execs on its 'deathslot'-spoofing promo and plans to attract new viewers". Entertainment Weekly. Retrieved December 16, 2010.
  26. ↑ Rice, Lynette (March 24, 2011). "'Fringe' renewed for a fourth season". Entertainment Weekly. Retrieved March 24, 2011.
  27. ↑ Poniewozik, James (2012-04-27). "Best of Both Worlds: Fringe Gets One More (Final) Season". Time. Retrieved 2012-04-27.
  28. 1 2 Page, Don (August 15, 1968). "'Star Trek' Lives Despite Taboos". Toledo Blade. Retrieved April 29, 2011.
  29. ↑ "A Look At Star Trek - Television Obscurities". Television Obscurities. Retrieved October 27, 2015.
  30. ↑ Brooks, Tim and Marsh, Earle. The Complete Directory to Prime Time Network and Cable Shows 1946–present, 7th edition.
  31. ↑ Lowry, Brian (2000-04-14). "'TGIF'? Well, ABC's Not So Sure Anymore". The Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 2008-08-31.
  32. ↑ CBS Casts a Spell Over Friday Night. Zap2It: November 3, 2007
  33. ↑ Friday Night 'Numb3rs' Favor CBS. Zap2It: November 10, 2007
  34. ↑ "'60 Minutes' Wednesday Canceled". cbsnews.com. May 18, 2005. Retrieved October 27, 2015.
  35. ↑ "Zap2It". Zap2It. Retrieved October 27, 2015.
  36. ↑ Steinberg, Brian (May 14, 2014). CBS To Launch ‘NCIS,’ ‘CSI’ Spinoffs, Start ‘Big Bang’ On Monday. Variety. Retrieved May 14, 2014.
  37. ↑ "Disney Channel/DisneyChannel.com Highlights For 2008". Retrieved January 19, 2009.
  38. ↑ Kissell, Rick; Schneider, Michael (August 18, 2007). "'High School Musical 2' huge hit". Variety. Retrieved 2007-08-18.

Further reading

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