Qaghans of the Turkic khaganates

Kahagan (Qaghan) was a title used by the Turkic people of the Medieval Ages. Turkic khaganate (aka Göktürks) was a vast empire in Central Asia and Mongolia between 552 and 745. It was a confederation of Turkic tribes. Their history is turbulent. In the 6th century, they challenged the power of China. At the end of the century following a civil war, the khaganate was divided into eastern and western wings. In the second half of the 7th century, both wings were defeated by the Tang China. However, in 682 they regained their independence.

Qaghans of the Turkic Khaganate

Title	Personal name and other title.	Qatun	Throne	Note
Bumin Qaghan / Illig Qaghan 伊利可汗	"Tumen" "土門" / "土门"	Princess Changle 長樂公主 / 长乐公主 From Western Wei	552
Issik Qaghan 乙息記可汗 / 乙息记可汗	Keluo / K'o-lo 科羅 / 科罗		552—553	Son of Bumin Qaghan
Muqan Qaghan 木桿可汗 / 木杆可汗	Yandou / Yen-to 燕都, "俟斤"		553—572	Son of Bumin Qaghan
Taspar Qaghan 佗缽可汗 / 佗钵可汗			572—581	Son of Bumin Qaghan[1]
Unknown title	Anluo / An-lo 庵邏 / 庵逻		581	Son of Tatpar Qaghan
Ishbara Qaghan 沙缽略可汗 / 沙钵略可汗	Shetu / She-t'u 攝圖 / 摄图 Il Kul Shad Bagha Ishbara Qaghan 伊利俱盧設莫何始波羅可汗 / 伊利俱卢设莫何始波罗可汗	Princess Qianjin of Northern Zhou 千金公主 After the fall of Northern Zhou, she was given surname Yang and became Princess Dayi of Sui 大義公主 / 大义公主	581—587	Son of Issik Qaghan[2]
Bagha Qaghan / Yabgu Qaghan 莫何可汗 / 葉護可汗	Chuluohou / Ch'u-lo-hou 處羅侯 / 处罗侯		587—588	Son of Issik Qaghan
Tulan Qaghan 都藍可汗 / 都蓝可汗	Yongyulü / Yung-yü-lü 雍虞閭 / 雍虞闾		588—599	Son of Ishbara Qaghan

Qaghans of the western side of the Turkic Khaganate

Title	Personal name and other title	Qatun	Throne	Note
Yabghu Qaghan 葉護可汗 / 叶护可汗	Istemi Shidianmi / Shih-tien-mi 室點密 / 室点密		552—575	Younger brother of Bumin Qaghan
Tardush Qaghan 達頭可汗 / 达头可汗	Dianjue / Tien-chüeh 玷厥		575—602	Son of Istemi

Qaghans of Apa line

Title	Personal name and other title	Qatun	Throne	Note
Apa Qaghan 阿波可汗	Daluobian / Ta-lo-pien 大邏便 / 大逻便		581 - 587	Son of Muqan Qaghan
Niri Qaghan 泥利可汗			587 - 601	Son of Yangsu Tigin Grandson of Tardush Qaghan

Qaghans of the Eastern Turkic Khaganate

Title	Personal name and other title	Qatun	Throne	Note
Yami Qaghan 啟民可汗 / 启民可汗	Rangan / Jan-kan 染干 Tölis Qaghan 突利可汗 / 突利可汗	Princess Anyi 安義公主 / 安义公主 (597 - 599) From Sui Princess Yicheng 義成公主 / 义成公主 (599 - ) From Sui	599—609	Son of Ishbara Qaghan
Shibi Qaghan 始畢可汗 / 始毕可汗	Duojishi / To-chi-shih 咄吉世	Princess Yicheng 義成公主 / 义成公主	609—619	Son of Yami Qaghan[3]
Chula Qaghan 處羅可汗 / 处罗可汗	"Ilteber Shad" "俟利弗設" / "俟利弗设"	Princess Yicheng 義成公主 / 义成公主	619—620	Son of Yami Qaghan
Illig Qaghan 頡利可汗 / 颉利可汗	Duobi / To-pi 咄苾 "Baghatur Shad" "莫賀咄設" / "莫贺咄设"	Princess Yicheng 義成公主 / 义成公主	620—630	Son of Yami Qaghan

Qaghans under the Jimi system of Tang China

Title	Personal name and other title	Qatun	Throne	Note
Qilibi Khan 俟力苾可汗	Simo / Ssu-mo 思摩		639 - 644	Son of Tughruq Shad
Chebi Khan 車鼻可汗 / 车鼻可汗	Hubo / Hu-po 斛勃		646 - 649
	Nizük Beg Nishoufu / Ni-shou-fu 泥熟匐		679 - 680
	Funian / Fu-nien 伏念		680 - 681	Relative of Illig Qaghan

Qaghans of the Western Turkic Khaganate

Title	Personal name and other title	Qatun	Throne	Note
Heshana Khan 曷娑那可汗, 曷薩那可汗 / 曷萨那可汗	達曼 / 达曼 泥厥處羅可汗 / 泥厥处罗可汗	Princess Xinyi 信義公主 / 信义公主 From Sui	604—611	Son of Niri Qaghan
Sheguy 射匱可汗 / 射匮可汗			610—617	Son of Tughluq Yabghu Grandson of Tardush Qaghan
Tuluq Yabghu Qaghan 統葉護可汗 / 统叶护可汗			617—630	Son of Tughluq Yabghu Grandson of Tardush Qaghan
Baghatur Qaghan 莫賀咄可汗 / 莫贺咄可汗			630	Son of Tughluq Yabghu Grandson of Tardush Qaghan
Si Yabghu Qaghan 肆葉護可汗 / 肆叶护可汗	Turuk Tigin 咥力特勒		630—632	Son of Tuluq Yabghu Qaghan
Tughluq Qaghan 咄陸可汗 / 咄陆可汗	Nizük 泥孰 吞阿婁拔奚利咄陸可汗 / 吞阿娄拔奚利咄陆可汗		632—634	Son of Baghatur Qaghan
Ishbara Terish Qaghan 沙缽羅咥利失可汗 / 沙钵罗咥利失可汗	Tonga / Tongra 同俄		634—639	Son of Baghatur Qaghan
Illig Beg Tughluq Qaghan 乙毗咄陸可汗 / 乙毗咄陆可汗	Yukuk Shad 欲谷設 / 欲谷设		638—653	Grandson of Tughluq Yabghu
Illig Qutlugh Illig Beg Qaghan 乙屈利失乙毘可汗 / 乙屈利失乙毗可汗			639—640	Son of Ishbara Terish Qaghan
Illig Beg Ishbara Yabghu Qaghan 乙毗沙缽羅葉護可汗 / 乙毗沙钵罗叶护可汗	Tigin 薄布特勒		639—641	Son of Genna Shad
Illig Beg Shekuei Qaghan 乙毗射匱可汗 / 乙毗射匮可汗			642—653	Son of Illig Kul Bilge Qaghan Grandson of Apa Qaghan
Ishbara Qaghan 沙缽羅可汗 / 沙钵罗可汗	Helu 賀魯 / 贺鲁		650—658	Son of Böri Shad Grandson of Tughluq Yabghu

Xingxiwang Qaghans

Title	Personal name and other title.	Qatun	Throne	Note
Ashina Mishe	阿史那弥射 莫贺咄叶护 奚利邲咄陆可汗		657-662
Ashina Duzhī Onoq Qaghan	阿史那都支 十姓可汗		671-679
Ashina Yuanqing	阿史那元庆		685-692	Son of Ashina Mishe
Ashina Tuizi	阿史那俀子		693-694	Son of Ashina Yuanqing
Anshina Xian	阿史那献		708-717	Son of Ashina Yuanqing
Ashia Zhèn	阿史那震		735-736	Son of Ashina Xian

Jiwangjue Qaghans

Title	Personal name and other title.	Qatun	Throne	Note
Ashina Buzhen	阿史那步真		657-667
Ashina Huseluo Jiezhong Shizhu Qaghan	阿史那斛瑟罗 竭忠事主可汗		685-703	Son of Ashina Buzhen
Ashina Huaidao	阿史那怀道		704-708	Son of Ashina Huseluo
Ashina Xin	阿史那昕		740-742	Son of Ashina Huaidao

Qaghans of the Second Eastern Turkic Khaganate

Title	Personal name and other title	Qatun	Throne	Note
Ilterish Qaghan 頡跌利可汗 / 颉跌利可汗	Qutlugh 那骨咄祿 / 骨咄禄		682—694	Relative of Illig Qaghan
Qapaghan Qaghan 遷善可汗 / 迁善可汗	默啜		694—716	Younger brother of Ilterish Qaghan
Inel Qaghan 拓西可汗	匐俱		716	Son of Qapaghan Qaghan
Bilge Qaghan 毗伽可汗	Bögü 默棘連 / 默棘连	Po Beg	716—734	Son of Ilterish Qaghan
Yiran Qaghan 伊然可汗	-		734	Son of Bilge Khagan
Tengri Qaghan 登利可汗	-		734—741	Son of Bilge Khagan
Kutluk Yabgu Qhagan	骨咄		741—742	Son of Ilterish Qaghan
Ilterish Qaghan 頡跌伊施可汗 / 颉跌伊施可汗			742—744	The chief of the Basmyl tribe
Ozmysh Qaghan 烏蘇米施可汗 / 乌苏米施可汗			742—744	Son of Pan Kul Tigin
白眉可汗	鶻隴匐 / 鹘陇匐		744—745	Son of Pan Kul Tigin

• Ashina Gulongfu 744 - 745
• Eletmish Kagan 747-759 ^[4]
• Bügü Kagan 759-779 ^[4]·

Sources

1. Deny; Jean Deny, Louis Bazin, Hans Robert Roemer, György Hazai , Wolfgang-Ekkehard Scharlipp (2000). History of the Turkic Peoples in the Pre-Islamic Period. Schwarz. p. 108. Cite uses deprecated parameter |coauthors= (help)
2. Lovell, Julia (2007). The great wall: China Against the World, 1000 BC - AD 2000. Grove Press. p. 354. ISBN 0-8021-4297-4.
3. Xiong, Victor Cunrui (2006). Emperor Yang of the Sui Dynasty: His Life, Times, and Legacy. State University of New York Press. p. 213. ISBN 0-7914-6587-X.
4. Yu. Zuev (I︠U︡. A. Zuev) (2002) (Russian), Early Türks: Essays on history and ideology (Rannie ti︠u︡rki: ocherki istorii i ideologii), Almaty, Daik-Press, p. 233, ISBN 9985-4-4152-9.