Galina Vishnevskaya

For the Kazakhstani biathlete, see Galina Vishnevskaya (biathlete).
Galina Vishnevskaya

Galina Vishnevskaya in 2008
Background information
Birth name Galina Pavlovna Ivanova
Born (1926-10-25)25 October 1926
Saint Petersburg
Died 11 December 2012(2012-12-11) (aged 86)
Moscow, Russia
Genres Classical
Years active 1944–1982

Galina Pavlovna Vishnevskaya (née Ivanova, Russian: Гали́на Па́вловна Вишне́вская; 25 October 1926 – 11 December 2012) was a Russian soprano opera singer and recitalist who was named a People's Artist of the USSR in 1966. She was the wife of cellist Mstislav Rostropovich, and mother to their two daughters, Olga and Elena Rostropovich.

Biography

Vishnevskaya was born in Leningrad. She made her professional stage debut in 1944 singing operetta. After a year studying with Vera Nikolayevna Garina, she won a competition held by the Bolshoi Theatre in Moscow (with Rachmaninoff's song "O, Do Not Grieve" and Verdi's aria "O patria mia" from Aida) in 1952. The next year, she became a member of the Bolshoi Theatre.[1]

On 24 March 1957, she made her debut in Finnish National Opera as Tatyana in Eugene Onegin (opera). On 9 May 1960, she made her first appearance in Sarajevo at the National Theatre, as Aida. In 1961, she made her Metropolitan Opera debut as Aida; the following year she made her debut at the Royal Opera House with the same role.[1] For her La Scala debut in 1964, she sang Liù in Turandot, opposite Birgit Nilsson and Franco Corelli.

In addition to the roles in the Russian operatic repertoire, Vishnevskaya also sang roles such as Violetta, Tosca, Cio-cio-san, Leonore, and Cherubino.

Benjamin Britten wrote the soprano role in his War Requiem (completed 1962) specially for her, though the USSR prevented her from traveling to Coventry Cathedral for the premiere performance. The USSR eventually allowed her to leave in order to make the first recording of the Requiem.

Vishnevskaya was married to the cellist Mstislav Rostropovich from 1955 until his death in 2007; they performed together regularly (he on piano or on the podium). Both she and Rostropovich were friends of Dmitri Shostakovich, and they made an electrifying recording of his opera Lady Macbeth of Mtsensk for EMI. According to Robert Conquest, Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn stayed at their dacha from 1968 while writing much of The Gulag Archipelago.[2]

Galina Vishnevskaya with husband Mstislav Rostropovich

In 1974, the couple asked the Soviet government for an extended leave and left the Soviet Union. Eventually they settled in the United States and Paris. In 1982, the soprano bade farewell to the opera stage, in Paris, as Tatyana in Tchaikovsky's Eugene Onegin. In 1987, she stage directed Rimsky-Korsakov's The Tsar's Bride in Washington, D.C. In 1984, Vishnevskaya published a memoir, Galina: A Russian Story (ISBN 0-15-134250-4), and in 2002, she opened her own opera theatre in Moscow, the "Galina Vishnevskaya Opera Centre".[1]

In 2006, she was featured in Alexander Sokurov's documentary Elegy of a life: Rostropovich, Vishnevskaya. In 2007, she starred in his film Alexandra, playing the role of a grandmother coming to see her grandson in the Second Chechen War. The film premiered at the 2007 Cannes Film Festival.[3] In the last week of her life, Russian President Vladimir Putin honoured her with the First Class Order of Merit for the Fatherland.[4]

On 11 December 2012, Vishnevskaya died at the age of 86 in Moscow. She was married three times. Her first marriage was to Georgy Vishnevsky, a sailor. She retained his family name after their divorce. Her second marriage was to the violinist and director of the Leningrad Light Opera company, Mark Rubin,[5] who also served as her manager. This second marriage produced a son, who died at age 2 months, and lasted 10 years before ending in divorce. Her daughters survive her.[6]

Recordings

Vishnevskaya made many recordings, including Eugene Onegin (1956 and 1970), Mussorgsky's Songs and Dances of Death (1961 and 1976), Britten's War Requiem (with Sir Peter Pears and Dietrich Fischer-Dieskau, conducted by the composer; 1963), The Poet's Echo (1968), Mussorgsky's Boris Godunov (1970 and 1987), Puccini's Tosca (1976), Tchaikovsky's The Queen of Spades (with Regina Resnik, 1976), Lady Macbeth of Mtsensk (1978), Tchaikovsky's Iolanta (with Nicolai Gedda, 1984), and Prokofiev's War and Peace (1986).

Honours and awards

References

  1. 1 2 3 Kandell, Jonathan (11 December 2012). "Galina Vishnevskaya, Soprano and Dissident, Dies at 86". The New York Times. Retrieved 16 December 2012.
  2. ↑ Robert Conquest, Solzhenitsyn Was a Russian Patriot, Wall Street Journal (8 August 2008)
  3. ↑ Galina Vishnevskaya, Now 80, Finds New Success as Film Actress, PLAYBILLArts (31 May 2007)
  4. ↑ "Russian opera legend Galina Vishnevskaya dies aged 86". RT TV Network. 2012-12-11. Retrieved 2015-08-13.
  5. ↑ Garry Humphreys (2012-12-18). "Galina Vishnevskaya: Soprano whose voice entranced Britten and who fled the Soviet Union". The Independent. Retrieved 2015-08-13.
  6. ↑ Tully Potter (2012-12-11). "Galina Vishnevskaya obituary". The Guardian. Retrieved 2015-08-13.
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