Gastrolobium
Gastrolobium | |
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Gastrolobium celsianum (Swan River Pea) | |
Scientific classification | |
Kingdom: | Plantae |
(unranked): | Angiosperms |
(unranked): | Eudicots |
(unranked): | Rosids |
Order: | Fabales |
Family: | Fabaceae |
Subfamily: | Faboideae |
Tribe: | Mirbelieae |
Genus: | Gastrolobium R.Br. |
Species | |
See text. | |
Synonyms | |
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Gastrolobium is a genus of flowering plants in the family Fabaceae. There are over 100 species in this genus, and all but two are native to the south west region of Western Australia.
A significant number of the species accumulate monofluoroacetic acid - the key ingredient of the poison known commonly as 1080 which caused introduced/non native animal deaths from the 1840s in Western Australia. The controversy over the cause of the stock poisoning in that time involved the botanist James Drummond in a series of tests to ascertain the exact cause of the poisoning - which was determined to be caused primarily by the plants York Road poison [1] (G. calycinum) and Champion Bay poison [2] (G. oxylobioides).
In the 1930s and 1940s C.A. Gardner and H.W. Bennetts did considerable work identifying other species in Western Australia - leading to the publication of The Toxic Plants of Western Australia in 1956.[3]
Species
The genus Jansonia as well as Nemcia and Brachysema were incorporated into Gastrolobium in the publication of the Chandler monograph in 2002.[4] Also since initial descriptions in the 1840s - some of the species have been described initially asGastrolobium, then Oxylobium and back to Gastrolobium. Species (with common names in bold) include the following:
- Gastrolobium acrocaroli Crisp ms
- Gastrolobium aculeatum
- Gastrolobium acutum
- Gastrolobium alternifolium
- Gastrolobium appressum C.A. Gardner Scaleleaf poison
- Gastrolobium bennettsianum'' C.A. Gardner Cluster poison
- Gastrolobium bilobum R.Br Heart-leaf poison
- Gastrolobium bracteolosum
- Gastrolobium brevipes Crisp
- Gastrolobium brownii Meisn
- Gastrolobium callistachys Meisn. Rock poison [5]
- Gastrolobium calycinum Benth. York Road poison
- Gastrolobium celsianum (Lemaire) G.Chandler & Crisp Swan River pea
- Gastrolobium congestum Crisp ms
- Gastrolobium coriaceum (Sm.) G.Chandler & Crisp
- Gastrolobium crassifolium Benth. Thickleaf poison
- Gastrolobium crenulatum
- Gastrolobium crispatum
- Gastrolobium cruciatum
- Gastrolobium cuneatum Henfr.
- Gastrolobium cyanophyllum
- Gastrolobium densifolium C.A. Gardner Mallet poison
- Gastrolobium diablophyllum G. Chandler and Crisp ms
- Gastrolobium dilatatum
- Gastrolobium discolor
- Gastrolobium dorrienii
- Gastrolobium ebracteolatum
- Gastrolobium effusum
- Gastrolobium elegans
- Gastrolobium epacridoides
- Gastrolobium ferrugineum
- Gastrolobium floribundum S. Moore Wodjil poison
- Gastrolobium forrestii River poison
- Gastrolobium glabratum Crisp ms
- Gastrolobium glaucum C.A. Gardner Spike poison [6]
- Gastrolobium grandiflorum F.Muell Wallflower poison
- Gastrolobium graniticum (S. Moore) Crisp Granite poison [7]
- Gastrolobium hamulosum Meisn. Hook Point poison [8]
- Gastrolobium heterophyllum (Turcz.) Crisp Slender poison
- Gastrolobium hians Crisp ms
- Gastrolobium hookeri
- Gastrolobium humile
- Gastrolobium involutum
- Gastrolobium latifolium
- Gastrolobium laytonii Jean White Breelya Kite Leaf
- Gastrolobium leakeanum J.Drumm. Mountain pea
- Gastrolobium lehmannii Meisn.
- Gastrolobium melanopetalum (F. Muell.) G.Chandler & Crisp
- Gastrolobium minus (Crisp) G.Chandler & Crisp Broad-leaved Brachysema
- Gastrolobium microcarpum Meisn. Sandplain poison
- Gastrolobium nutans G. Chandler & Crisp ms
- Gastrolobium ovalifolium Henfr. Runner poison
- Gastrolobium oxylobioides Benth. Champion Bay poison
- Gastrolobium parvifolium (Benth.) Crisp Box poison
- Gastrolobium parvifolium (Benth.) Crisp var. parvifolium ms
- Gastrolobium parvifolium Benth. Berry poison
- Gastrolobium polystchyum Meisn. Horned poison, (Hill-river poison)
- Gastrolobium praemorsum (Meisn.) G.Chandler & Crisp
- Gastrolobium propinquum C.A. Gardner Hutt River poison
- Gastrolobium pusillum Crisp & PH Weston
- Gastrolobium pycnostachyum Benth. Mt Ragged poison, Round-leaf poison [9]
- Gastrolobium pyramidalum
- Gastrolobium racemosum (Turcz.) Crisp Net-leaf poison
- Gastrolobium reflexum G. Chandler ms
- Gastrolobium revolutum Crisp ms
- Gastrolobium rigidum (C.A. Gardiner) Crisp Rigid leaf poison [10]
- Gastrolobium rotundifolium Meisn. 'Gilbernine poison
- Gastrolobium rubrum Benth.
- Gastrolobium semiteres Crisp ms
- Gastrolobium sp. East Peak (E.D. Middleton EDM 43)
- Gastrolobium sericeum (Sm.) G.Chandler & Crisp
- Gastrolobium spathulatum
- Gastrolobium spectabile (Endl.) Crisp Roe's poison
- Gastrolobium spinosum Benth. Prickly poison
- Gastrolobium spinosum Benth. var. spinosum
- Gastrolobium spinosum Benth. var. trilobum S. Moore
- Gastrolobium stenophyllum Turcz. Narrow-leaved poison
- Gastrolobium stowardii
- Gastrolobium subcordatum
- Gastrolobium tenue Crisp ms
- Gastrolobium tergiversum
- Gastrolobium tetragonophyllum (E.Pritz.) Crisp Brother-brother
- Gastrolobium tomentosum C.A. Gardner Wooly poison [11]
- Gastrolobium triangulare(Benth.) Domin
- Gastrolobium tricuspidatum
- Gastrolobium trilobum Benth. Bullock poison
- Gastrolobium truncatum Benth.
- Gastrolobium velutinum Lindl. Stirling Range poison
- Gastrolobium venulosum
- Gastrolobium vestitum
- Gastrolobium villosum Crinkle-leaf poison
- Gastrolobium whicherensis
- Gastrolobium wonganensis
- Gastrolobium villosum Benth. Crinkle-leaved poison
Groups
Chandler separates into groups:
- Gastrolobium spinosum group - G. Spinosum, G. Euryphyllum, G. Wonganensis, G. Triangulare, G. Trilobum, G. Aculeatum
- Gastrolobium bilobum group - G. Semiteres, G. Stenophyllum, G. Cuneatum, G. Callistachys, G. Acrocaroli, G. Involutum, G. Graniticum, G. Bilobum, G. Tergiversum, G. Grandiflorum, G. Brevipes, G. Congestum,
- Gastrolobium parviflorum group - G. Parviflorum
- Gastrolobium villosum group
- Gastrolobium floribundum group
- Gastrolobium heterophyllum group
- Gastrolobium obovatum group
- Gastrolobium calycinum group
- Gastrolobium retusum group
- Gastrolobium ilicifolium group
- Gastrolobium cruciatum group
- Gastrolobium pyramidale group
- unplaced group
See also
Notes
- ↑ Aplin, T. E. H; Western Australia. Department of Agriculture (1967), York road poison and box poison, Western Australian Department of Agriculture], retrieved 1 November 2016
- ↑ "CHAMPION BAY POISON.". Western Mail. XLIII, (2,231). Western Australia. 15 November 1928. p. 42. Retrieved 1 November 2016 – via National Library of Australia.
- ↑ Gardner, C. A. (Charles Austin); Bennetts, H. W. (Harold William); Gardner, C; Bennetts, H (1956), The toxic plants of Western Australia, West Australian Newspapers, Periodicals Division, retrieved 1 November 2016
- ↑ Chandler, G. T., M.D. Crisp, L.W. Cayzer, and R.J. Bayer. (2002). "Monograph of Gastrolobium (Fabaceae: Mirbelieae)." (PDF). Australian Systematic Botany. 15 (5): 619–739. doi:10.1071/SB01010.
- ↑ was previously DRF - Declared Rare Flora in Western Australia, not currently see http://florabase.calm.wa.gov.au/browse/profile/3894
- ↑ DRF - Declared Rare Flora in Western Australia see http://florabase.calm.wa.gov.au/browse/profile/3902
- ↑ DRF - Declared Rare Flora in Western Australia see http://florabase.calm.wa.gov.au/browse/profile/11034
- ↑ DRF - Declared Rare Flora in Western Australia see http://florabase.calm.wa.gov.au/browse/profile/3904
- ↑ Priority 2 see http://florabase.calm.wa.gov.au/browse/profile/3919
- ↑ was DRF - Declared Rare Flora in Western Australia but not currently - see http://florabase.calm.wa.gov.au/browse/profile/10887
- ↑ was DRF - Declared Rare Flora in Western Australia - now priority four - see http://florabase.calm.wa.gov.au/browse/profile/3928
References
- Paczkowska, Grazyna and Alex R. Chapman.(2000) The Western Australian Flora – A Descriptive Catalogue Perth, W.A: Wildflower Society of Western Australia : Western Australian Herbarium: Western Australian Botanic Gardens & Parks Authority ISBN 0646401009
- "Gastrobium R.Br.". Australian Plant Name Index (APNI), IBIS database. Centre for Plant Biodiversity Research, Australian Government.
Further reading
- Seawright, A.A. (1982) Animal Health in Australia. Volume 2. Chemical and Plant Poisons Canberra Australian Government Publishing Service ISBN 0-642-06577-2 - pp. 43–45 Flouracetates
External links
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