Geographical Indications of Goods (Registration and Protection) Act, 1999

Geographical Indications of Goods (Registration and Protection) Act, 1999
An Act to provide for the registration and better protection of geographical indications relating to goods.
Citation Act No. 48 of 1999
Enacted by Parliament of India
Date assented to 30 December 1999
Date commenced 15 September 2003
Status: In force

The Geographical Indications of Goods (Registration and Protection) Act, 1999 (GI Act) is a sui generis Act of the Parliament of India. for protection of geographical indications in India. India, as a member of the World Trade Organization (WTO), enacted the Act to comply with the Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights.[1] The GI tag ensures that none other than those registered as authorised users (or at least those residing inside the geographic territory) are allowed to use the popular product name. Darjeeling tea became the first GI tagged product in India, in 2004–05, since then 261 goods had been added to the list as of June 2016.[2]

Geographical indication

According to section 2 (3)(e) of the Act, Geographical indication has been defined as "an indication which identifies such goods as agricultural goods, natural goods or manufactured goods as originating, or manufactured in the territory of a country, or a region or locality in that territory, where a given quality, reputation or other characteristic of such goods is essentially attributable to its geographical origin and in case where such goods are manufactured goods one of the activities of either the production or of processing or preparation of the goods concerned takes place in such territory, region or locality, as the case may be."[3]

Some of the registered geographical indications includes, agricultural goods like Darjeeling tea, Malabar Pepper, Bangalore Blue Grapes, manufactured goods like Pochampalli Ikat, Kancheepuram Silk, solapuri chadars Bagh Prints, Madhubani paintings etc.[2] The complete list is available at List of Geographical Indications in India.

Registration process

Duration

A GI is registered for an initial period of ten years, which may be renewed from time to time.[10]

Exclusions

Under Section 9 of the Act, the following indications cannot be registered:[11]

Effect of registration and infringement

Registration of a GI gives its owner and the authorised users the exclusive right to use the indications on the good in which it is registered. Further, registration gives right to institution of suit against infringement and recovery of damages for such infringement.[12] Infringement can be caused by use of the GI on such goods which indicates that such goods originate in such place other than its true place of origin or due to unfair competition.[13] However, in case of non-registered GIs, a case of passing off can be instituted.[14] Registration acts as a prima facie evidence of validity of the indication and ownership.[15] The registration cannot be transferred, mortgaged, assigned or licensed, except in case of inheritance of the mark upon death of an authorised user.[16]

Any person who falsely applies or falsifies any geographical indication, tampers the origin of a good, make or have in possession of dye, blocks, machines to use in falsification of GI may be punished shall not be less than six months but which may extend to three years and with fine which shall not be less than fifty thousand rupees but which may extend to two lakhs rupees.[17] In case of second and for every subsequent offence, a person can be punished with imprisonment for a term which shall not be less than one year but which may extend to three years and with fine which shall not be less than one lakh rupees but which may extend to two lakh rupees.[18] However, the judge may under certain condition may reduce the sentence, and reasons for reduction of punishment must be written in the judgment.[18] Other offences includes, falsely represent a GI to be registered, falsification of entries in register, falsely representing a place to be connected with GI Registry.

See also

References

  1. ↑ Dr. Sudhir Ravindran; Arya Mathew (2009). "The Protection of Geographical Indication in India – Case Study on 'Darjeeling Tea'" (PDF). Property Rights Alliance. Retrieved 21 April 2013.
  2. 1 2 "STATE WISE REGISTRATION DETAILS OF G.I APPLICATIONS 15th September, 2003 – 31st March, 2013" (PDF). Geographical Indications Registry, Government of India. Retrieved 20 April 2013.
  3. ↑ Section 1 (3)(e) of Geographical Indications of Goods (Registration and Protection) Act, 1999
  4. ↑ Section 11(1) of Geographical Indications of Goods (Registration and Protection) Act, 1999
  5. ↑ Section 11(2) of Geographical Indications of Goods (Registration and Protection) Act, 1999
  6. ↑ Section 11(5) of Geographical Indications of Goods (Registration and Protection) Act, 1999
  7. ↑ Section 11(6) & 11(7) of Geographical Indications of Goods (Registration and Protection) Act, 1999
  8. ↑ Section 13 of Geographical Indications of Goods (Registration and Protection) Act, 1999
  9. ↑ Section 16 of Geographical Indications of Goods (Registration and Protection) Act, 1999
  10. ↑ Section 18 of Geographical Indications of Goods (Registration and Protection) Act, 1995
  11. ↑ Section 9 of Geographical Indications of Goods (Registration and Protection) Act, 1999
  12. ↑ Section 21 of Geographical Indications of Goods (Registration and Protection) Act, 1999
  13. ↑ Section 22 of Geographical Indications of Goods (Registration and Protection) Act, 1999
  14. ↑ Section 20(2) of Geographical Indications of Goods (Registration and Protection) Act, 1999
  15. ↑ Section 23 of Geographical Indications of Goods (Registration and Protection) Act, 1999
  16. ↑ Section 24 of Geographical Indications of Goods (Registration and Protection) Act, 1999
  17. ↑ Section 39 of Geographical Indications of Goods (Registration and Protection) Act, 1999
  18. 1 2 Section 41 of Geographical Indications of Goods (Registration and Protection) Act, 1999
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