Glenanne barracks bombing

Glenanne barracks bombing
Part of the Troubles

Part of the UDR barracks after the attack
Location Near Mountnorris, County Armagh, Northern Ireland
Coordinates 54°14′14.54″N 6°30′17.42″W / 54.2373722°N 6.5048389°W / 54.2373722; -6.5048389Coordinates: 54°14′14.54″N 6°30′17.42″W / 54.2373722°N 6.5048389°W / 54.2373722; -6.5048389
Date 31 May 1991
23:30 (UTC)
Attack type
 Bombing, gunfire
Weapons Truck bomb
Deaths 3 soldiers
Non-fatal injuries
 10 soldiers
4 civilians
Perpetrator Provisional IRA

The Glenanne barracks bombing was a large truck bomb attack carried out by the Provisional IRA against a British Army (Ulster Defence Regiment) base at Glenanne, near Mountnorris, County Armagh. The driverless lorry was rolled down a hill at the rear of the barracks and crashed through the perimeter fence. The bombing took place on 31 May 1991 and left three soldiers killed and 14 people wounded, four of them civilians.

Background

The bombing took place at a time when the Northern Ireland Office arranged multi-party talks (known as the Brooke/Mayhew talks) on the future of Northern Ireland. Sinn Féin members were not invited to attend because of their links with the IRA, which prevented them from being recognised as a 'constitutional' party. The talks ended in failure soon after.[1]

Built in 1972, the barracks housed two companies of the 2nd County Armagh battalion of the Ulster Defence Regiment (UDR). Seen as an outpost, it sat on the dividing line between a Protestant area and a Catholic area.[2] Although the military barracks itself had not been attacked by the IRA before,[3] seven UDR soldiers from the base had already been killed during "The Troubles".

Author Kevin Toolis lists the destruction of Glenanne UDR barracks in County Armagh as part of the cycle of violence and tit-for-tat killings in neighbour County Tyrone.[4] The IRA would later claim that the death of three of its men in the town of Coagh was an SAS retaliation for the Glenanne bombing.[5]

The bombing

At 11:30 PM, a driverless truck loaded with 2,500 lb (1,100 kg) of a new type of home made explosive was rolled down a hill at the rear of the barracks and crashed through the perimeter fence.[3][6] According to a witness, a UDR lance corporal who alerted the base,[7] the truck was a Mercedes, and a Toyota Hiace van carrying at least two men acted as a support vehicle. The men were seen outside the parked van, masked and armed one with a handgun, the other with a submachine gun.[8] Automatic fire was heard by other witnesses just before the main blast.[3] A Reuters report claims that IRA members triggered the bomb by firing upon the driverless vehicle.[9] It was later determined that the lorry had been stolen the day before in Kingscourt, County Cavan in the Republic of Ireland.[10]

The blast left a crater 200 ft (61 m) deep and threw debris and shrapnel as far as 300 yards (270 m).[6] The explosion could be heard over 30 miles (48 km) away, as far as Dundalk.[3] This was the biggest bomb detonated by the IRA until then.[11] Most of the UDR base was destroyed by the blast and the fire that followed.[3][12] At first, a massive mortar attack was suspected.[11] Some livestock were killed and windows broken around the nearby Mossfield housing as a result of the explosion.[3] The cars parked outside the base were obliterated.[6] Ceilings were brought down and the local primary school was also damaged.[10]

The barracks was usually manned by eight soldiers, but at the time there were 40 people in the complex, attending a social event.[8] Three UDR soldiers – Lance corporal Robert Crozier (46), Private Sydney Hamilton (44) and Private Paul Blakely (30) – were killed and ten were wounded.[3] Two of them were caught by the explosion when they came out to investigate after a sentry gave the alarm; a third died inside the base.[6] Four civilians were also wounded. The Provisional IRA claimed responsibility two days later.[3]

The base was never rebuilt. It had outlived its operational usefulness and a decision had already been taken to close it down.[2] The decision not to rebuild the compound raised some controversy among unionists.[12] A memorial stone was erected by the main entrance road with the names of the UDR soldiers killed over the years while serving in Glenanne.[10]

See also

References

  1. ↑ Bew, Paul and Gillespie, Gordon (1999). Northern Ireland: a chronology of the troubles 1968–1999. Gill & Macmillan, p. 267
  2. 1 2 Potter, p. 351
  3. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Whitney, Craig. "I.R.A. Says It Planted Truck Bomb That Killed 3". The New York Times, 2 June 1991.
  4. ↑ Toolis, Kevin (1995). Rebel Hearts: journeys within the IRA's soul. Picador, p. 73. ISBN 0-330-34243-6
  5. ↑ 'The SAS broke the rules of war' by Chris Summers. BBC news, 28 January 2009
  6. 1 2 3 4 Oppenheimer, A.R. (2009). IRA: The Bombs and the Bullets. Dublin: Irish Academic Press. p. 123. ISBN 978-0-7165-2895-1.
  7. ↑ Oppenheimer (2009), p. 122
  8. 1 2 Ryder, Chris (2005). A special kind of courage: 321 EOD Squadron – battling the bombers. Methuen, p. 249; ISBN 0413772233
  9. ↑ "IRA truck bomb kills three", Reuters, 2 June 1991
  10. 1 2 3 Potter, p. 354
  11. 1 2 "Another three dead", The Irish Emigrant, Issue No. 277, June 3 1991.
  12. 1 2 Glenanne Ulster Defence Regiment Base

Bibliography

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