Glikeriya Bogdanova-Chesnokova

Glikeriya Bogdanova-Chesnokova
Born Glikeriya Vasilievna Bogdanova-Chesnokova
(1904-05-26)May 26, 1904
Saint Petersburg, Russian Empire
Died April 17, 1983(1983-04-17) (aged 78)
Leningrad, USSR
Years active 1924 - 1983
Awards

Glikeriya Vasilievna Bogdanova-Chesnokova (Russian: Глике́рия Васи́льевна Богда́нова-Чесноко́ва; May 13 (26), 1904, Saint Petersburg[1] – April 17, 1983, Leningrad[2]), Glikeriya Vasilievna Bogdanova or shortly Lika Bogdanova in girlhood, was a Soviet theatre and movie actress. People’s Artist of the RSFSR (1970).[3]

Biography

Drawing of the house curtain of the Imperial Mariinsky Theatre, St. Petersburg, prior to 1914
The stage of the Mariinsky Theatre with Aleksandr Golovin's luxury curtain of 1914
Alexandrinsky Theatre in Saint Petersburg. Postcard, 1917 year.
Winter Palace in Saint Petersburg (Russia), - view from the Palace Square, 1900-1917.

Childhood and adolescence

The grandfather of Glikeriya was an extraordinary master and had "Golden hands". Through the village in Siberia, where Bogdanov family lived, the rails to Vladivostok began to lay in the middle of XIX century. The railroad workers had beautiful uniforms, caps with cockades - when the grandfather looked of them it is caused delight and envy. Once on the capital foreman of railroad construction tell him: "You famously do everything! Which hands you have! You need to go in Pietyer..." ("Pietyer" - the short name of Saint Petersburg). And grandfatherit kept in memory this conversation. He was thinking short time and Bogdanov family sat in a telega and go! The grandfather Bogdanov did not come empty-handed in the capital (the Saint Petersburg was a capital at that time), he brought "a whole train" of own inventions and fabrications. And, indeed, it drew attention. He was not Kulibin, but he was similar to Kulibin. He was not a nugget, but a "nugget" as he was a curious man with had savvy! He was taken in the mechanical workshops. Later he became to drive trains even.[1][4]

Glikeriya Bogdanova-Chesnokova was born in Saint Peterburg on the 13 (26) of May, 1904[1] - after Great October Sicialist Revolution the calendar dates were shifted and difference between old and new Russian (Soviet) calendar became 13 days.

Bogdanov's family lived in a clean, cozy cottage on the Vyborg Side, in Saint Petersburg. In addition to Lika (the shortage from the name Glikeria), Bogdanovs had two more children - one more daughter and son. Her mother owned sewing workshop. The mother was a well-read, sophisticated, young lady and she understood fashion, had a taste, wore a charming hats. Nobody guessed that she was the Siberian Cossack's girl recently.[1]

Lika studied. She had memory from the God, - unique memory![5] She was able easily learn the Chinese language. She noticed the specific gestures, grimaces of everybody and she parody any friend. One lady in grammar school said: "I suspect that Bogdanova gave nicknames to every teacher." The mother took Lika to the theaters in Saint Petersburg: the Alexandrinsky Theatre, Mariinsky Theatre. The girl willingly engaged in the school theater.[1]

Prankish and pry Lika Bogdanova was aware of all the events in Saint Petersburg. And once she nearly entered inside big politics. It started from the Palace Square, where she saw the announcement about the World War I. On the say day she saw the Emperor Nicholas II of Russia, who blessed the troops and waving to the townspeople. When the first wounded persons began to arrive from the front, Lika immediately went to the infirmary. Her mother sewed shirts for them, and Lika sang and danced for them. She had not thought to become an actress, she was eleven-twelve years old and just wanted to do something nice for these miserable people. "Lusha, come again!" - asked the soldiers (Lusha - it is one more shortage on the name Glikeriya). A Future Star proudly corrected - "I am Lika!"[1]

She attended courses of the RSDLP, enrolled in teams of nurses and in the groups of working youth, - the everything was interestingly. On the 25 of October (7 of November) 1917, at the night, assault she went to assault the Winter Palace as a member of the Vyborg Side armed gang. It should be noted that Lika was only 13 years old at the time. Later, when attack of the Winter Palace (the assault of the famous arches with the gate) was shown in the cinema, Glikeriya Vasilievna Bogdanova was upset awfully. She saw soldiers and sailors climbing over the gate in the film, and she thought that she was simply too late at that night: "I did not sow it! I came too late! There all finished, everything was taken!" She never had to know the truth, that the assault was not and the Bolsheviks quietly entered through the commandant's entrance. Any way, to avoid any disillusion of the public during the meetings, the actress told that she was a participant of the revolution and assaulted the Winter Palace. And, as the time proved, it was correct.[1]

She was shocked about how many wounded people were in the Winter Palace! Some halls of the Palace were surrendered to a military hospital where World War II veterans lay. "Why are you standing there? You are the fool. Bring the water," - shouted someone to Lika. And she remained there for ten days, she lived and worked in the infirmary. She remembered: "I got rapture! I moved freely through the Winter Palace and never felt myself so easy and tranquilly, as a real mistress of the Earth. I looked everything in the Hermitage, went into every room. I had not surmise that the tsar slept there before, - I understood it from the Chronicles and movies later. I stood in front of the paintings, touched unique things which is not permitted to touch now!"[1]

No one was inside the Winter Palace during the first days after the revolution, - neither the Bolsheviks nor the doctors. The wounded people were lying on the floor in uniforms. Gradually began to bring the bed, what was ordered by the knyaz Obolensky, - he just handed the decree of Lenin about the fact that he was appointed the Custodian of the Hermitage. Also Lika was songing there. Her repertoire included Siberian folk ditties, demotic bywords and wildly vulgar for that time stanzas (short songs): "The beautiful Catherine walked along the street" and "Mommy-mommy, what will I do?" Maybe Lika Bogdanova appearance was calling a smile (in adulthood, the actress was never offered a tragic role), but in the own soul she felt grief of others like nobody felt the same.[1]

Natan Altman's Decorations of Uritsky Square for the First Anniversary of the Russian Revolution. The Palace Square was named Uritsky Square in 1918-1944 years. Also Natan Altman painted the poster for the Petrocommune in 1919.

By early spring 1918, the policy has dramatically intervene in the economy. In the spring Germany and Austria occupied the Ukraine, which had previously grew half of the grain for bread in the Russian Empire. In May of the same year the civil war began in the Urals and the Volga region due to the mutiny of the Czechoslovak Legion. From Central Russia was cut off grain-producing regions of Siberia, the southern Urals and Central Volga. The Germans also occupied Rostov-on-Don and supported General Krasnov, who recaptured the Don Cossacks region from the Bolsheviks in May 1918. So, the grain regions of the North Caucasus parted from Soviet Russia. As result, by the summer of 1918 the Bolsheviks remained under the control of the territory, which gave only 10% of the total marketable grain collected on the territory of the former Russian Empire before. The Central non-Chernozem Russia and the two largest metropolis of the country, Moscow and Petrograd, needed to feed by this meager amount of grain. If in March 1918 800 railcars with grain and flour arrived in the city on the Neva, two times less railcars arrived in April. May 1918 Normalized bread ration is introduced in Petrograd in May 1918 and the first time petrogradtsy began to eat horses in May also. The famine came in Petrograd. In the summer of 1918 the Petrograd experienced the most serious problem with food then any other city of the former Russian Empire got it.[1][6]

In the winter of 1918 to 1919 the supply with foodstuff was minimal in Petrograd.[6]

The damsel Lika found yourself under the direct superiors of the famous revolutionary Alexander Vermishev,[1] seems from 1917 to August 1919. He was a passionate theatre-goer and organized an independent activity hobby group.[1] (Seems he and Aleksei Badayev organized this groupe.) In August 1919 Alexander Vermishev went on war's front and had not back in Petrograd due to was killed.

Aleksei Badayev, 1918.
Bolshoi Drama Theater in 1900-1917.

Petrocommune

In September 1919 Petrograd consumer commune (shortly Petrocommune) was established by Decree of the Sovnarkom "On consumer communities" dated 16 of March, 1919. It was the germ of the cooperative sector during the "war communism". From beginning the leader of the Petrocommune governance was chairman of Aleksei Yegorovich Badayev (and from July, 1920 was A. S. Kuklin). Unlike other consumer societies of the Russian Federation, Petrocommune combined apparatus of the state and cooperative organizations. Petrocommune was in charge of the procurement and distribution of food and necessities in Petrograd and in province.[7]

Lika was 16 years old about and was necessary to get a job, to learn a profession. She came in Petrocommune (Commune in Petrograd) and was taken as a typist. The damsel Lika found yourself under the direct superiors of the First Foodstuff Commissar of Petrograd and Northern Region Aleksei Badayev when she was in Petrocommune. He was a passionate theatre-goer and one of organizers an independent activity hobby group.[1]

Lika constantly was humming something under own breath during the typing and it got their attention. She started performing in amateur theatrical performances, dance, sing. The theatres were opened in Petrograd and the damsel Lika often visited the Alexandrinka (the short call name of Alexandrinsky Theatre), the BDT (the shortage of the Bolshoi Drama Theater). "When I first time saw Alexander Blok - I was frightened and fell in front of him!" - Glikeriya Bogdanova-Chesnokova said.[1]

Theatrical education and first marriage

Nikolai Cherkasov in 1938.
V.N. Davydov, late 1917.

Soon Aleksei Badayev dictated the note to her outstanding talent. Lika Bogdanova went to the Russian Drama School in the Alexandrinsky Theatre and she took this reference also. The Commission was headed by the famous theater masters Sofronov and Michurina-Samoilova:
- Who wrote this reference?
- Badayev.
- What are you going to read?
- I will read nothing, I'm going to sing, - and she gave the whole repertoire, which was performed in front of wounded soldiers. In conclusion she read a monologue of Plyushkin from "Dead Souls" of Nikolai Gogol. So much so that the head of the theatre Yuriy Mikhailovich Yuriyev got laughter and fell from his chair due to it.[1]

And she was taken. She was studied in the class of famous actor V.N. Davydov.[8][1]

This educational course was incredibly stellar, fantastic. It entered the theatrical encyclopedia - ten future People's Artists, very famous artists: Michail Tsarev, Nikolai Cherkasov, Yuri Tolubeyev, Nikolai Simonov, Alexander Borisov, Yelizaveta Uvarova, Boris Chirkov, Konstantin Adashevskiy, Vasili Merkuryev and Glikeriya Bogdanova. Their friendship stretches across a lifetime. [1]

Between Nikolai Cherkasov and Glikeria Bogdanova really got a romance, and young actors were close to got marriage. They mischief together.[1]

Lika was "totally like grandma", who was generation from Siberian Cossacks. The grandma entered in the crowd of fighting men, took their scruff and bred in different directions. Lika grew the same big, energetic and giggly. And she had the such a big, giggly nose and she was the same singer. The same as her grandmother, she could repeat any melody after hearing the voice. Let dance – kindly![3]

The development New Economic Policy (NEP) began from summer 1921 and plenty provincial teatrical troupes came in in Petrograd. Ершы екщгзуы performed in the gardens, in the parks. Simultaneously many theaters appeared in the city. A new Chapter began in Glikeriya Bogdanova biography, which predetermined her further destiny.[1]

Glikeriya Vasiliyevna said often:

"The men, who were not impressed by me, were not impressed me also. But I always wanted to be taken in relationship seriously. All actresses used make up (were painted) terribly in those years and I was painted the same. I had terrible cosmetic set. One day I went for a walk on Vasilevsky Island, bought a bun-pie and sat down on a bench to eat. A very interesting man with top hat paraded close to me. He had dense constitution, was tald, with enormous eyes... deep eyes. He walked around me one time, second time, and I see that he paid attention to me. He came close:

  - Girl! You are so young, so attractive... despite some excesses, - I thought at the same time: The nose! And he continued - Well, it is impossible to be so smudge!
  - I have to use it. I am an actress, - I said quietly, calmly, with dignity.
  - Yeah? And where do you perform?
  - In the Alexandrinsky Theatre!
  - Yeah? What you're talking about! And what you can perform? What kind of sounds you can produce?
I began to get angry. But it kept my interest to him. Honestly, he was the first man who forced me to pay attention. He was older than me and dressed emphatically. He had such manners! He didn't look in my mouth like the people who wanted this bun-pie and just devoured this bun-pie by the eyes. He evaluated me as a girl. And the conversation was like he felt sorry for me.
  - Well, if you're an actress, come Damsel to ride on the carousel. And then, despite the fact that you ate the bun-pie, and I do not advise you eat it. The bun-pies are contraindicated for actresses. Let go to take lunch together."[1]

The man brought Glikeriya to a teatral poster, tapped by the walking stick and said: "Here is my name!" He was Dmitriy Fyodorovich Vasilchikov. Vasilchikov worked in teatral troupe of Nicholai Nikolayevich Sinelnikov, who was the famous provincial actor, stage manager and entrepreneur and his theatre represent tragedies, dramas, vaudevilles, operettas and ballets. Sinelnikov was unique and leaded unique troupe.[1] Vasilchikov was a singer, artist of the operetta and drama.[9]

After some days Vasilchikov suggested suddenly: "You never get a chance to perform what you a young actress need for own "luggage". You need to strum, yell own voice... Let go with me. I have tour: Kislovodsk, Pyatigorsk, Odessa, Crimea...". And she went. Dmitriy Fyodorovich Vasilchikov and Glikeriya Vasilievna Bogdanova married somewhere in the South,[10] in one of the cities, in 1922. Their daughter Leada, the shortage of name Lydia or Lidia, was born in the same year. But the marriage did not last long. And he, and she had nature of leaders, they did not like to cede one to another. The same relationship was on stages.[1]

According to the Decree of Sovnarkom signed by V. I. Ulyanov (Lenin) in 1922, Dmitriy Fyodorovich Vasilchikov was awarded the title "Honored artist of the Republic" with the award of Order of the Order of the Banner of Labor, - this order was renamed Order of the Red Banner of Labor in 1935.[9]

When she was 20 years old (1924), she graduated the Academic Russian Drama School in the Alexandrinsky Theatre.[1]

Actress of Alexandrinsky theatre and provincial Petrozavodsk Russian teatre

Since 1924 she was an actress of the Alexandrinsky theatre and debuted in the role of Lucille in the piece Le Bourgeois gentilhomme (on English: The Bourgeois Gentleman) by Jean-Baptiste Moliere.[8]

In 1927 she passed with Vasilchikov to Petrozavodsk and was an actress of Petrozavodsk Russian teatre.[1][8]

Vasilchikov liked improvise, and Lika did not know how to do it. Suddenly, He could issue an unplanned reprise or imclude gag suddenly and the audience exploded, the actor sparked complacently, the damsel was confused and looked scared silly. In case any her lamentations Dmitriy Fyodorovich Vasilchikov noticed reasonable: "If you want to work with me, You have to learn. You should always be mobilized "to bounced away like from the teeth".[11] Otherwise you are not living on the stages..." And she has learned. And then she baffled him. "You think, - who is framing by you?!" - the public's favorite was indignant. How to answer that, he didn't know. He used facial expressions and did it stunningly, tearing applause. But he was angry terribly, commenced scandals. The family commenced disintegrate obviously.[1]

Uncertainty in 1928-1933 years

In 1928 The forming of the first State Theater of Musical Comedy in Kharkiv commenced in 1928. That time the Kharkiv was the capital of Ukraine. By the Decree of the all Ukrainians headman Grigory Petrovsky Dmitriy Vasilchikov became one of the leader of the new teatrical team. It was agreed that Dmitry Fedorovich Vasilchikov will go to Kharkov, but Glikeriya Vasilievna Bogdanova intended to arrive in Kharkiv later.[1][9]

On the 5 of December, 1918, the Music Hall teatre was opened in Leningrad.[12] Rina Zelyonaya brought Lika Bogdanova in the just opened Leningrad Music Hall and they had their fun there:

"All that stuff, which was inside me, spilled out! But, it is necessary to pay tribute, Mitya (Dmitriy Vasilchikov her as Mitya is the shortage of the name Dmitriy) taught me everything. Half of everything I know from the God, another half - from Mitya, and the rest is from the School of Russian Drama..."[1]

In July 1929, the Government of Soviet Ukraine decreed: "To Create the Ukrainian State Theater of Musical Comedy in Kharkiv".[13] It came time to go in Kharkiv and Lika Bogdanov realized that she must be a slave of her husband, forget about own ambitions. In addition, it was necessary to work exclusively in the Ukrainian language, which she did not understand and did not recognize. Dmitriy Fedorovich Vasilchikov refused to give their daughter to Lika Bogdanova and all contacts with the ex-wife were parted. He worried hardly that he did not abandon and he was abandoned. Very quickly he married actress Yekatherina Mikhailovna Leonidova - she walked between Vasilchikov and Bogdanova long time before marriage as he was madly in love with Dmitriy Fyodorovitch Vasilchikov. Subsequently, his relatives tried to do everything to avoid Leada knew anything about the mother during the next years, and they suppressed any attempts of Glikeria Vasiliyevna to have contacts with the daughter. The Teatre of Musical Comedy in Leningrad was created in summer 1929 also. An actor, the artistic Director of this theatre Nikolay Yanet, a friend of Dmitriy Vasilchikov, refused to include Glikeriya Bogdanova in his troupe, but she was created directly for this scene.[1]

Rina Zelyonaya in 1940.

"I was very frivolous when at that period matched with the you grandfather by the Church marriage - and, any way, it still must be checked!," - said Glikeriya Vasilievna to grandson Yuriy and emphasized at the same time that no any wedding documents had been filled up.[1]

Soon Vasilchikov becomes the managing Director and artistic Director of the Theater of Musical Comedy in Kharkiv.[9]

To understand why she did not tried to back the daughter, it is necessary to read about Sexual Revolution of the Bolsheviks which changed motherly instinct of the woomen during the post-revolutionary period.

In 1931, Luka Bogdanova made her debut in cinema - she starred to film in the Soviet film Road to Life (1931 film). It was the first Soviet Union sound film. Rina Zelyonaya brought Lika on the shooting area. Both damsels sang thief songs using the images of Gigue gang girls. But the film's tape was defective, the episode was shortened and the film included only the last verse og the song. Glikeriya Vasilievna flashed on the screen only once. Her name has not mentioned in titres.[4]

Leonid Utyosov in 1934.

The work with Leonid Utyosov, Arkady Raikin and the second marriage

In 1933–1941 years she worked in Leningrad Music Hall under the leadership of Leonid Utyosov and the Theater of the stage and miniatures in Leningrad under the leadership of Arkady Raikin.

Arkady Isaakovich Raikin in 1942.

In 1937 the record dick with the song "Beautiful Marquise", the song test was translated from French language in 1936, was recorded by Leonid Utyosov, but the name of the woman voice was not mentioned. Seems Lika Bogdanova, can be she was already Glikeriya Bogdanova-Chesnokova, assisted to him during the records of this disck. Any way she sang this song with Utyosov.

Then she was invited by young Arkady Isaakovich Raikin. He was a youngster yet and she was a skilled comic actress. Arkady Isaakovich recalled: "At first, I just copied her. Her facial expressions was amazing!" But Glikeriya Vasilievna did not accepted these compliments and said: "What is it? Am I a monkey?!"[4][14]

The theatre of music comedy hall in Leningrad and the playbill for the operetta Die Fledermaus.

World War II period

In 1941–1945 years, during the World War II she acted in the military front positions ensemble of the operetta, went to the front, where she gave around 3,000 performances. It is why she was awarded with the Order of the Red Star and combat medals.[15]

Again theatre in Leningrad and circus

From 1946 she became an actress of the Leningrad state theatre of musical comedy.[1][8]

In 1947 she became a Laureate of the Stalin Prize due to her theatrical performances.[8]

In the mid 50-ies she appeared even in the circus, where she acted in a pair with famous in the Soviet Union clown Boris Vyatkin.[15] During three circus seasons she performed a duet with the clown Boris Vyatkin by, - she tumbled, went as wheel, did a back flip. The audience laughed up to tears, but the most of people did not wondered how the middle-aged, dramatic actress could do it whithiut any special education! And she was unable to explain about it. She was captivateв by the spiritual whirl of the workflow, and it worked.[15][16]

Comedy film Tamer of Tigers (1954-1955)

The first significant role — Maria Mikhailovna in the comedy film Tamer of Tigers (1954-1955). To see episode:

Musical comedy film Mister X (1958)

Glikeriya Bogdanova-Chesnokova was an actress of "the second and thirtd plan roles".[17] But she was able to makes own act as the one of the memorable role in the movie.

The most famous role of Bogdanova-Chesnokova was Karolina in the operetta-film Mister X (1958).[2] She was 54 years old and her partner in this film was Grigoriy Yaron, who was 65 years old. The film episodes with the duo Karolina and Pelican became the best duo Karolina and Pelican during the Soviet era and after. You can see the episode of this Soviet film with Glikeriya Bogdanova-Chesnokova, including the dance, here https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qqPPy8E5MkQ or here https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gFFto1xw8rs

Television

Comedy film The Twelve Chairs (1971)

In 1971 she filmed in comedy film The Twelve Chairs, to see episodes:

Musical comedy film The Bat (1979)

The most popular role was Amalie in the Soviet film adaptation of The Bat - filmed as per operetta Die Fledermaus. A tiny episode of "hunting for men" and "fire of eyes" with Glikeriya Bogdanova-Chesnokova (as mother) and Olga Volkova (as daughter) was the best two comic episodes of this film. And this roles were the third plan roles which became a visit card of this movie - you can see this episodes here:

Awards and titles

On the 22 of June, 1957, (or in 1965 as per other sourse) Bogdanova-Chesnokova was designated Honorable Actor of the RSFSR.[8][18]

On the 24 of April, 1970, She was designated People's Actor of the RSFSR.[8][18]

She was awarded the State Prize of the USSR and received numerous decorations, including the Order of the Red Banner.[18]

Selected filmography

Postscript

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 Кино-Театр.Ру >> Гликерия Богданова-Чеснокова >> Биография
  2. 1 2 Биографическая справка
  3. 1 2 Чтобы помнили >> Богданова-Чеснокова Гликерия Васильевна.
  4. 1 2 3 Капков Сергей: "Короли комедии - Гликерия Богданова-Чеснокова".
  5. ↑ Memory from the God! - It is Russian word formation (saying) which means that the person has very good memory.
  6. 1 2 Алексей Волынец: "Первая блокада Петрограда".
  7. ↑ Энциклопедия & Словари >> Энциклопедия Санкт-Петербурга >> Петрокоммуна.
  8. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Санкт-Петербургский театр музыкальной комедии >> История театра >> Память >> Богданова-Чеснокова Гликерия Васильевна.
  9. 1 2 3 4 Український Сайт Діаспори: "Українці Росії. Кобза". >> Корифей української оперети.
  10. ↑ The citizens of European part of the USSR and Russua named the Soviet Union lands at Black Sea coast as South.
  11. ↑ "To bounced away like from the teeth" - Russian jargone which menas to be able to say immediately the necessary word ot phraze.
  12. ↑ КИНО-ТЕАТР.РУ >> Санкт-Петербургский мюзик-холл.
  13. ↑ Харьковский Академически Театр Музыкальной Комедии. >> Наша история.
  14. ↑ ГЛИКЕРИЯ ВАСИЛЬЕВНА БОГДАНОВА-ЧЕСНОКОВА.
  15. 1 2 3 Люди Peoples.Ru >> Гликерия Богданова-Чеснокова Glikeria Bogdanova-Chesnokova
  16. ↑ Киноклуб "Феникс" >> Форум >> Архив >> Мир и люди искусства. Архив >> "Божественная Гликерия". Гликерия Богданова-Чеснокова.
  17. ↑ The main roles in the Soviet Union and Russian theatres and films named the first plan roles. The next roles, support roles for the main roles, named the second plan roles. And the episode roles named the third plan roles.
  18. 1 2 3 IMDb Mobile site >> Glikeriya Bogdanova-Chesnokova. Biography.
  19. ↑ Петербургский некрополь. >> БОГДАНОВА-ЧЕСНОКОВА Гликерия Васильевна.
  20. ↑ Кино-Театр.Ру >> Гликерия Богданова-Чеснокова >> Фильмография.

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External links

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