Gotha Go 242

Gotha Go 242
Gotha Go 242 in Grosseto, 1943
Role	Transport glider
Manufacturer	Gothaer Waggonfabrik
Designer	Albert Kalkert
First flight	1941
Introduction	1941
Primary user	Luftwaffe
Number built	1,528
|} The Gotha Go 242 was a transport glider used by the Luftwaffe during World War II. It was an upgrade over the DFS 230 in both cargo/troop capacity and flight characteristics. Though it saw limited action, it appeared in multiple variants. Development The Go 242 was designed by Albert Kalkert in response to a Reichsluftfahrtministerium (RLM) requirement for a heavy transport glider to replace the DFS 230 then in service. The requirement was for a glider capable of carrying 20 fully laden troops or the equivalent cargo. The aircraft was a high-wing monoplane with a simple square-section fuselage ending in clamshell doors used to load cargo.[1] The empennage was mounted on twin booms linked by a tailplane. The fuselage was formed of steel tubing covered with doped fabric. The flight characteristics of the design were better than those of the DFS 230. Cargo versions of the glider featured a hinged rear fuselage loading ramp that could accommodate a small vehicle such as a Kübelwagen or loads of similar size and weight.[1] The glider was tested with rockets for overloaded take offs, a rack of four 48 kg (106 lb) Rheinmetall 109-502 rockets mounted on the rear of the cargo compartment. A second rocket called the "R Device" was also used with the glider - it was a liquid-fuel Hellmuth Walter KG R I-203 (HWK 109-500A) Starthilfe monopropellant, RATO podded rocket engine which was mounted beneath the wing on either side of the body and was jettisoned after takeoff, parachuting down to be recycled. Two prototypes flew in 1941 and the type quickly entered production. A total of 1,528 were built, 133 of which were converted to the Go 244, with two 500 kW (700 hp) Gnome-Rhone engines fitted to forward extensions of the tail booms. Operational history German troops seated in a Go 242, Russia, 1943. The glider is fitted with defensive machine guns In service, Go 242s were towed into the air by Heinkel He 111s or Junkers Ju 52s, and were occasionally fitted with RATO equipment. Most saw service in the Mediterranean, North Africa and Aegean. Ju 87D-2s had strengthened rear fuselage and combined tailwheel and hook for towing the Go 242. A few gliders, the Go 242 C-1 variant, were constructed with a flying boat-style hull allowing water landings. It was proposed that some carry a small catamaran assault boat with a 1,200 kg (2,600 lb) explosive charge suspended between its hulls. The proposed mission profile was for the pilot to land near an enemy ship and transfer to the assault boat, setting off at high speed for the enemy ship and locking the controls before bailing out.[2][1] Surviving aircraft Gotha Go 242 - Musée de la Resistance du Vercors. Valence, France Gotha Go 242 C-1 - Technik Museum and Luftwaffenmuseum der Bundeswehr. Berlin, Germany Variants Go 242 A-1 - initial cargo-carrying version Go 242 A-2 - initial troop-carrying version Go 242 B-1 - cargo version with jettisonable landing gear Go 242 B-2 - B-1 with improved landing gear Go 242 B-3 - troop-carrying version of B-1 with double rear doors Go 242 B-4 - troop-carrying version with doors of B-3 and landing gear of B-2 Go 242 B-5 - training version with dual controls Go 242 C-1 - maritime assault version with flying boat-style hull. Never used operationally Specifications (Go 242B-3) Data from General characteristics Crew: one or two pilots Capacity: Up to 23 troops Length: 51 ft 10 in (15.81 m) Wingspan: 80 ft 5 in (24.50 m) Height: 14 ft 5 in (4.40 m) Wing area: 693 ft² (64.4 m²) Empty weight: 7,055 lb (3,200 kg) Max takeoff weight: 15,653 lb (7,100 kg) Performance Maximum speed: 186 mph, 162 kn (300 km/h) Armament 4 × 7.92 mm (.312 in) MG 15 machine guns See also Related development Go 244 Aircraft of comparable role, configuration and era DFS 230 DFS 331 Waco CG-4A - General Aircraft Hamilcar General Aircraft Hotspur Airspeed Horsa Slingsby Hengist Related lists List of aircraft of World War II List of World War II military aircraft of Germany List of military aircraft of Germany List of World War II military gliders Notes Ford, Roger (2013). Germany's Secret Weapons of World War II. London, United Kingdom: Amber Books. p. 224. ISBN 9781909160569. Wood, Paul; Roger Ford (2000). Germany's secret weapons in World War II. Zenith Imprint. ISBN 0-7603-0847-0. References Nowarra, Heinz; Force, Ed (1991). German Gliders in World War II. U.S.: Schiffer Publishing Ltd. ISBN 0-88740-358-1. External links "War in the Air." FLIGHT, 12 February 1942, p. 130, early intelligence photo of Go 242, bottom of page.