Goldsboro, North Carolina

Goldsboro

Seal
Goldsboro

Location within the state of North Carolina

Coordinates: 35°22′55″N 77°58′41″W / 35.38194°N 77.97806°W / 35.38194; -77.97806Coordinates: 35°22′55″N 77°58′41″W / 35.38194°N 77.97806°W / 35.38194; -77.97806
Country United States
State North Carolina
County Wayne
Founded / Incorporated 1787 / 1847
Government
 • Mayor Chuck Allen
Area
 • City 24.8 sq mi (64.3 km2)
 • Land 24.8 sq mi (64.2 km2)
 • Water 0.04 sq mi (0.1 km2)
Elevation 108 ft (33 m)
Population (2010)
 • City 36,437
 • Density 1,574.9/sq mi (608.1/km2)
 • Metro 41,000
Time zone EST (UTC-5)
 • Summer (DST) EDT (UTC-4)
ZIP codes 27530-27534
Area code(s) 919, 984
FIPS code 37-26880[1]
GNIS feature ID 1020469[2]
Website http://www.goldsboronc.gov/

Goldsboro is a city in Wayne County, North Carolina, United States. The population was 36,437 at the 2010 Census.[3] It is the principal city of and is included in the Goldsboro, North Carolina Metropolitan Statistical Area. The nearby town of Waynesboro was founded in 1787 and Goldsboro was incorporated in 1847. It is the county seat of Wayne County.[4] The city is situated in North Carolina's Coastal Plain and is bordered on the south by the Neuse River and the west by the Little River, about 43 miles southwest of Greenville[4] and 55 miles southeast of Raleigh, the state capital and 87 miles northwest of Wilmington in Southeastern North Carolina. Goldsboro is best known as home to Seymour Johnson Air Force Base.

Demographics

Historical population
Census Pop. %±
1860885—
18701,13428.1%
18803,286189.8%
18904,01722.2%
19005,87746.3%
19106,1073.9%
192011,29685.0%
193014,98532.7%
194017,27415.3%
195021,45424.2%
196028,87334.6%
197026,960−6.6%
198031,87118.2%
199040,70927.7%
200039,043−4.1%
201036,437−6.7%
Est. 201535,826[5]−1.7%
U.S. Decennial Census[6]

As of the 2000 census, there were 39,043 people, 14,630 households, and 19,465 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,574.9 inhabitants per square mile (708.1/km²). There were 19,372 housing units at an average density of 660.4 per square mile (255.0/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 52.24% African American, 43.04% White, 0.43% Native American, 1.44% Asian, 0.08% Pacific Islander, 1.14% from other races, and 1.64% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.69% of the population.

There were 14,630 households out of which 32.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 41.1% were married couples living together, 20.4% had a female householder with no husband present, and 35.3% were non-families. 30.5% of all households were made up of individuals and 11.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.40 and the average family size was 3.00.

The median income for a household in the city was $29,456, and the median income for a family was $34,844. Males had a median income of $26,223 versus $21,850 for females. The per capita income for the city was $16,614. About 15.4% of families and 19.2% of the population were below the poverty line, including 26.7% of those under age 18 and 17.5% of those age 65 or over.

History

Around 1787, when Wayne County was formed, a town named Waynesborough grew around the county's courthouse. In 1787, William Whitfield III (son of William Whitfield II) and his son were appointed "Directors and Trustees" for designing and building the town.[7][8] Located on the east bank of the Neuse River, the town became the county seat. Population growth in Waynesborough continued through the 1830s. However, this changed once the Wilmington and Weldon Railroad was completed in the early 1840s. By then, a hotel had been built at the intersection of the railroad and New Bern Road, which grew into a community after the train started to transport passengers from there.

More and more citizens soon relocated from Waynesborough to this growing village, named eventually "Goldsborough's Junction" after Major Matthew T. Goldsborough, an Assistant Chief Engineer with the railroad line. Later this was shortened simply to Goldsborough. In 1847, the town was incorporated and became the new Wayne County seat following a vote of the citizens of Wayne County. Local legend has it the Goldsborough supporters put moonshine in the town's well to encourage people to vote for Goldsborough.

In the following decades, Goldsborough's growth continued in part by new railroad connections to Charlotte and Beaufort. By 1861, the town's population was estimated to be 1,500. It was the trading center of a rural area that started with yeoman farmers. By this time, it had been developed as large cotton plantations dependent on the labor of enslaved African Americans, as the invention of the cotton gin had enabled profitable cultivation of short-staple cotton in the upcounties.

Because of its importance as railroad junction, Goldsborough played a significant role in the Civil War, both for stationing Confederate troops and for transporting their supplies. The town also provided hospitals for soldiers wounded in nearby battles.

In December 1862, the Battle of Goldsborough Bridge was waged, in which both sides fought for possession of the strategically significant Wilmington and Weldon Railroad Bridge. Union General John Foster arrived with his troops on December 17, aiming to destroy this bridge in order to put an end to the vital supply chain from the port of Wilmington. He succeeded on that same day, his troops overpowering the small number of defending Confederate soldiers and burning down the bridge. On their way back to New Bern, Foster's men were attacked again by Confederate troops, but they survived with fewer casualties than the enemy. The important bridge at Goldsborough was rebuilt in a matter of weeks.

Goldsborough was the scene of another Union offensive in 1865, during Union General Sherman's Carolinas Campaign. After the battles of Bentonville and Wyse Fork, Sherman's forces met with the armies of Schofield, their troops taking over the city in March. During the following three weeks, Goldsborough was occupied by over 100,000 Union soldiers. After the war was over, some of these troops continued to stay in the city.

In 1869, the spelling of the city was officially changed to Goldsboro. Wayne County was part of North Carolina's 2nd congressional district following the Civil War, when it was known as the "Black Second", for its majority-black population. This district elected four Republican African Americans to Congress in the 19th century, three of them after the Reconstruction era. The attorney George Henry White was the last to serve, being elected in 1894 and serving two terms.

Law office, Goldsboro, April 1938

The Democrat-dominated legislature established legal racial segregation in public facilities. To further this, in the 1880s it authorized a facility to serve the black mentally ill, the State Hospital in Goldsboro. In 1899 the legislature authorized an addition but did not appropriate sufficient funds.[9] This operated until after passage of civil rights legislation requiring integration of public facilities. In addition, the hospital was affected by the 1970s movement to de-institutionalize care for the mentally ill. Most states have failed to adequately support community programs to replace such facilities.

During World War II the North Carolina Congressional delegation was successful in gaining the present-day Seymour Johnson Air Force Base, which opened on the outskirts of Goldsboro in April 1942 as a US Army Air Forces installation named Seymour Johnson Field. From this point on, the city's population and businesses increased as a result of the federal defense installation. The base's name was changed to Seymour Johnson AFB in 1947 following the establishment of the US Air Force as an independent service.

The city is home to Goldsboro Milling Company, the 10th largest producer of hogs in the U.S., and also a major producer of turkeys.

The Borden Manufacturing Company, First Presbyterian Church, L. D. Giddens and Son Jewelry Store, Goldsboro Union Station, Harry Fitzhugh Lee House, Odd Fellows Lodge, and Solomon and Henry Weil Houses are listed on the National Register of Historic Places.[10]

Nuclear accident

In 1961, two 3.8 megaton hydrogen bombs were dropped accidentally on the village of Faro, 12 miles (19 km) north of Goldsboro, after a B-52 aircraft broke up in mid air. The two Mark 39 weapons were released after the crew abandoned a B-52 bomber which had suffered mid-flight structural failure. Both bombs went through several steps in the arming sequence, but neither one detonated.[11] One bomb was recovered. Although much of the second bomb was also recovered, a missing piece containing uranium was believed to have sunk deep into the swampy earth and could not be recovered. The piece remains in land that the Air Force eventually purchased in order to prevent any land use or digging.[12] In 2013, it was revealed that three safety mechanisms on one bomb had failed, leaving just one low-voltage switch preventing detonation.[13]

Law and government

Chuck Allen is the city's current Mayor, succeeding Alfonzo "Al" King in 2016 who succeeded Hal Plonk in 2002. As mayor, Allen is the official and ceremonial head of city government and presides at all City Council meetings. The mayor and the City Council are elected to office for a four-year term. Goldsboro has a council-manager government. The former City Manager, Joseph R. Huffman, retired on February 28, 2011. The current City Manager is Scott Stevens.

City Council members

Federal appointments

Goldsboro is in North Carolina's 1st, and the newly created 13th Congressional District and is currently represented by Democrat G. K. Butterfield, and Republican George Holding.

Goldsboro is represented in the Senate by Republicans Richard Burr and Thom Tillis.

Geography

Goldsboro is located at 35°22′55″N 77°58′41″W / 35.38194°N 77.97806°W / 35.38194; -77.97806 (35.381961, -77.977974).[14]

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 24.8 square miles (64 km2). 24.8 square miles (64 km2) of it is land and 0.04 square miles (0.10 km2) of it (0.08%) is water.

Climate

Goldsboro's location on the Atlantic Coastal Plain lends it a Humid subtropical climate, with hot humid summers and cool winters. The hottest month is July, with an average high temperature of 91 °F (33 °C), and an average low of 71 °F (22 °C). The coldest month is January, with an average high of 54 °F (12 °C), and an average low of 33 °F (1 °C). Annual total rainfall is 49.84 inches, falling relatively evenly with a slight wet season in the late summer/early fall. Some light to moderate snowfall can occur in winter, but it is sporadic and can range from only a trace to totals over a foot (30 cm) in some years.

Monthly normal and record high and low temperatures
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Rec High °F (°C) 85 (29) 87 (31) 96 (36) 98 (37) 102 (39) 106 (41) 108 (42) 107 (42) 105 (41) 99 (37) 90 (32) 86 (30)
Norm High °F (°C) 54 (12) 58 (14) 66 (19) 75 (24) 82 (28) 88 (31) 91 (33) 89 (32) 84 (29) 75 (24) 66 (19) 57 (14)
Norm Low °F (°C) 33 (1) 35 (2) 42 (6) 50 (10) 58 (14) 66 (19) 71 (22) 70 (21) 64 (18) 51 (11) 43 (6) 35 (2)
Rec Low °F (°C) -1 (-18) 2 (-17) 10 (-12) 16 (-9) 32 (0) 40 (4) 43 (6) 45 (7) 31 (-1) 22 (-6) 15 (-9) 1 (-17)
Precip in (mm) 4.54 (115.3) 3.61 (91.7) 4.48 (113.8) 3.39 (86.1) 3.8 (96.5) 3.97 (100.8) 5.39 (138.9) 5.7 (144.8) 5.34 (135.6) 3.07 (78) 3.19 (81) 3.36 (85.3)
Source: USTravelWeather.com [15]

Sites of interest

Education

Colleges

High schools

Middle schools

Elementary schools

Private schools

Media

Newspaper

The Goldsboro News-Argus is a paid subscription Goldsboro's daily newspaper, with a circulation of approximately 21,500. The Goldsboro Daily News is a free, online daily newspaper at http://goldsborodailynews.com/.

Television

Goldsboro supports one television station. WHFL TV 43 is a low power broadcast station on UHF channel 43 and is also found on two local cable networks. The station is a FamilyNet affiliate and carries religious, local, and family programming. The area is also served by television stations from the Raleigh-Durham and Greenville areas. CBS affiliate WNCN-TV, Channel 17, is licensed to Goldsboro but has its studios in Raleigh. Up until August 2010, a Public, educational, and government access (PEG) cable TV station called PACC-10 TV was available to Time Warner customers. The station aired its own programming as well as City Council and County Commissioner meetings. Time-Warner transferred the channel to Wayne County who currently provides local announcements and community interest programming.

Radio stations based in Goldsboro

Transportation

The closest civilian airport is Wayne Executive Jetport, but is only used for general aviation. The nearest public commercial airport is Kinston Regional Jetport (IATA: ISO) in Kinston about 28 miles east of Goldsboro, although most residents use Raleigh-Durham International Airport for domestic and international travel.

Major highways that run through the city are US 70 (the main thoroughfare through Goldsboro), US 13, US 117, Highway 111, and Highway 581. I-795 now connects Goldsboro to I-95 in Wilson.

Work is currently being done to finish NC 44, which will be the Goldsboro Bypass upon completion.

The city has a bus system known as Gateway which runs four routes.

Hospitals

Notable people

References

  1. ↑ "American FactFinder". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved 2008-01-31.
  2. ↑ "US Board on Geographic Names". United States Geological Survey. 2007-10-25. Retrieved 2008-01-31.
  3. ↑ "Goldsboro, North Carolina (NC) Detailed Profile - relocation, real estate, travel, jobs, hospitals, schools, crime, news, sex offenders". City-data.com. Retrieved 2013-08-16.
  4. 1 2 "Find a County". National Association of Counties. Retrieved 2011-06-07.
  5. ↑ "Annual Estimates of the Resident Population for Incorporated Places: April 1, 2010 to July 1, 2015". Retrieved July 2, 2016.
  6. ↑ "Census of Population and Housing". Census.gov. Retrieved June 4, 2015.
  7. ↑ Whitfield Cemetery Wayne Co., NC
  8. ↑ Whitfield, William. Walk of Honor
  9. ↑ Report of the State Hospital, at Goldsboro, N. C., from November 30, 1902, to November 30, 1904, Documenting the American South, University of North Carolina
  10. ↑ National Park Service (2010-07-09). "National Register Information System". National Register of Historic Places. National Park Service.
  11. ↑ "Nuclear Mishap in Goldsboro". Broken Arrow: Goldsboro, NC (2000). Retrieved June 14, 2005.
  12. ↑ "January 1961 - Bombs Over Goldsboro". This Month in North Carolina History, University of North Carolina Libraries. Retrieved April 6, 2012.
  13. ↑ "USAF Atomic Bomb in North Carolina 1961", The Guardian, 20 September 2013
  14. ↑ "US Gazetteer files: 2010, 2000, and 1990". United States Census Bureau. 2011-02-12. Retrieved 2011-04-23.
  15. ↑ "Average Weather for Goldsboro, NC - Temperature and Precipitation". Weather.com. 2007-01-17. Retrieved 2012-01-24.
  16. ↑ Rediscovering Jewish Infrastructure: Update on United States Nineteenth Century Synagogues, Mark Gordon, American Jewish History 84.1 (1996) 20-27
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