Greencastle, Pennsylvania

Greencastle, Pennsylvania
Borough
Bank Clock tower on the square
Greencastle Greencastle
Coordinates: 39°47′22″N 77°43′36″W / 39.78944°N 77.72667°WCoordinates: 39°47′22″N 77°43′36″W / 39.78944°N 77.72667°W
Country	United States
State	Pennsylvania
County	Franklin
Government
• Type	Borough Council
Area
• Total	1.6 sq mi (4.1 km^2)
• Land	1.6 sq mi (4.1 km^2)
• Water	0.0 sq mi (0.0 km^2)
Elevation	587 ft (179 m)
Population (2010)
• Total	3,996
• Density	2,517/sq mi (971.9/km^2)
Time zone	Eastern (EST) (UTC-5)
• Summer (DST)	EDT (UTC-4)
ZIP code	17225
Area code(s)	717
Website	greencastlepa.gov

Greencastle is a borough in Franklin County in south-central Pennsylvania, United States. The population was 3,996 at the 2010 census.^[1]

History

Greencastle was founded in 1782 by John Allison. The town was named after Greencastle, County Donegal, Ireland.^[2] It was originally composed of 246 lots. By 1790 there were about 60 houses in Greencastle, homes to approximately 400 people. The town of Greencastle had grown by the mid-nineteenth century to 1,125 residents.

Latter Day Saint settlement

In 1845, following the succession crisis in the Latter Day Saint movement, Sidney Rigdon (one of the three main contenders along with James Strang and Brigham Young for leadership of the Latter Day Saints following the death of Joseph Smith) took his followers to Pennsylvania and formed a Rigdonite Mormon settlement at Greencastle. This settlement had approximately 200 followers.^[3] They founded the New Jerusalem settlement between Greencastle and Mercersburg, published the Conochoheague Herald newspaper in Greencastle,^[4] and made plans for the construction of a temple. The Rigdonite Mormon settlement at Greencastle only lasted a few years; some former Rigdon followers went to Utah to join Brigham Young, while William Bickerton, who had opposed Rigdon's move to Greencastle, would eventually reorganize the remaining Pennsylvania branch of the Latter Day Saint movement in Pittsburgh as The Church of Jesus Christ (Bickertonite).

Civil War

Early in the Civil War, Greencastle and neighboring Franklin County communities raised the 126th Pennsylvania Infantry. In the summer of 1863, the war touched close to home when Confederate General Robert E. Lee and his Army of Northern Virginia invaded southern Pennsylvania in what became known as the Gettysburg Campaign. From mid-June to early July, those residents of Greencastle who had not fled to safety lived under Confederate rule. On July 2, concurrent with the Battle of Gettysburg in neighboring Adams County, Captain Ulric Dahlgren's Federal cavalry patrol galloped into Greencastle's town square, where they surprised and captured several Confederate cavalrymen carrying vital correspondence from Richmond.^[5][6] After the Battle of Gettysburg, Lee's army began its retreat to Virginia on July 4 and 5. He sent John D. Imboden's cavalry to escort a large wagon train carrying Confederate wounded. The train, nearly 18 miles (29 km) in length, wound its way through the streets of Greencastle, where a few men of the town attacked the wagon train with axes and hatchets. They succeeded in disabling several wagons before Confederate cavalry chased them away.

Modern era

Following the war, Greencastle grew considerably in the late 19th century during the Industrial Revolution, having several industrial factories built inside the town limits, including the Crowell Manufacturing Company, which constructed farming equipment.

In 1902, Greencastle businessman Philip Baer began a tradition where the town holds a triennial social event known as "Old Home Week". Every three years, Greencastle townspeople and former residents come together in a town-wide reunion to reminisce and fellowship. The most recent Old Home Week Celebration occurred in 2013; the next one was to be held in 2016.^[7]

The Greencastle Historic District and Mitchell-Shook House are listed on the National Register of Historic Places.^[8]

Greencastle contains many Christian church congregations with longstanding heritage and rich history. The present-day Methodist church has origins dating back to 1805 when Christian Newcomer conducted services in the area.

Geography

Greencastle is located in southern Franklin County at 39°47′22″N 77°43′36″W / 39.78944°N 77.72667°W (39.789466, -77.726604).^[9] It is surrounded by Antrim Township. U.S. Route 11 passes through the west side of the borough as Antrim Way, leading north 11 miles (18 km) to Chambersburg, the county seat, and south 11 miles to Hagerstown, Maryland. Pennsylvania Route 16 passes through the center of the borough as Buchanan Trail, leading east 8 miles (13 km) to Waynesboro and west 10 miles (16 km) to Mercersburg. Interstate 81 passes just east of the borough limits, with access from Exit 3 (US-11) to the south and Exit 5 (PA 16) to the east. I-81 leads northeast 64 miles (103 km) to Harrisburg and south past Hagerstown 53 miles (85 km) to Winchester, Virginia.

According to the United States Census Bureau, the borough has a total area of 1.6 square miles (4.1 km²), all land.^[1]

Demographics

Historical population
Census	Pop.		%±
1840	931		—
1850	1,125		20.8%
1860	1,399		24.4%
1870	1,650		17.9%
1880	1,735		5.2%
1890	1,525		−12.1%
1900	1,463		−4.1%
1910	1,919		31.2%
1920	2,271		18.3%
1930	2,557		12.6%
1940	2,511		−1.8%
1950	2,611		4.0%
1960	2,988		14.4%
1970	3,293		10.2%
1980	3,679		11.7%
1990	3,600		−2.1%
2000	3,722		3.4%
2010	3,996		7.4%
Est. 2015	4,043	[10]	1.2%
Sources:[11][12][13]

As of the census^[12] of 2000, there were 3,722 people, 2,661 households, and 1,036 families residing in the borough. The population density was 2,371.0 people per square mile (915.3/kmB2). There were 21,748 housing units at an average density of 1,113.5 per square mile (429.9/kmB2). The racial makeup of the borough was 96.72% White, 1.34% African American, 0.19% Native American, 0.62% Asian, 0.05% Pacific Islander, 0.35% from other races, and 0.73% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.97% of the population.

There were 1,661 households, out of which 11.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them. 52.0% were married couples living together, 10.1% had a female householder with no husband present, and 47.6% were non-families. 20.7% of all households were made up of individuals, and 21.9% had someone living alone who was 70 years of age or older. The average household size was 5.87, and the average family size was 2.83.

In the borough, the population was spread out, with 4.3% under the age of 18, 7.9% from 18 to 24, 28.3% from 25 to 46, 29.9% from 45 to 64, and 20.6% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 41 years. For every 100 females there were 93.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 91.5 males.

The median income for a household in the borough was $58,031, and the median income for a family was $86,250. Males had a median income of $35,719 versus $44,107 for females. The per capita income for the borough was $42,844. About 8.9% of families and 17.7% of the population were below the poverty line, including 11.2% of those under age 18 and 21.7% of those age 65 or over.

References

1. "Geographic Identifiers: 2010 Census Summary File 1 (G001), Greencastle borough, Pennsylvania". American FactFinder. U.S. Census Bureau. Retrieved July 28, 2016.
2. http://www.academia.edu/1558778/From_Rostrevor_to_Raphoe_An_Overview_of_Ulster_Place-Names_in_Pennsylvania_1700-1820
3. Nead, Benjamin M. Birth-Place of Mormonism. Chambersburg, PA: Valley Spirit Press, 1897. http://sidneyrigdon.com/1869Moor.htm
4. The Frontier Guardian, Vol. I No. 26, January 23, 1850. http://www.sidneyrigdon.com/dbroadhu/LDS/ldsnews1.htm#012350
5. Adapted from Jacob Hoke's book, The Great Invasion.
6. Officers of the Volunteer Army and Navy who served in the Civil War. L.R. Hamersly & Co. 1893. p. 419. Retrieved 2009-02-16.
7. All historical information drawn from one source -Conococheague: A History of the Greencastle-Antrim Community 1736-1971 by William Conrad.
8. National Park Service (2010-07-09). "National Register Information System". National Register of Historic Places. National Park Service.
9. "US Gazetteer files: 2010, 2000, and 1990". United States Census Bureau. 2011-02-12. Retrieved 2011-04-23.
10. "Annual Estimates of the Resident Population for Incorporated Places: April 1, 2010 to July 1, 2015". Retrieved July 2, 2016.
11. "Census of Population and Housing". U.S. Census Bureau. Retrieved 11 December 2013.
12. "American FactFinder". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved 2008-01-31.
13. "Incorporated Places and Minor Civil Divisions Datasets: Subcounty Resident Population Estimates: April 1, 2010 to July 1, 2012". Population Estimates. U.S. Census Bureau. Retrieved 11 December 2013.