Guglielmo Gulotta

Guglielmo Gulotta is a Full Professor of Juridical Psychology at the University of Turin, Faculty of Psychology, and a criminal barrister of the Milan Court. He is a psychologist and a psychotherapist.

His scientific career has been witnessed by his work done in various areas of psychology and the law.[1]

Gulotta is the Editor of two scientific series with the Milan Publisher – [Giuffrè]: [Juridical and Criminal Psychology Series] and [Notebooks on Psychology Series]. He has published up to now, as an author and a co-author, 50 books, and more than 300 scientific papers, some of them in different languages.

Gulotta is considered one of the most prominent contemporary authorities in Juridical and Forensic Psychology in Italy.[2][3][4]

His fundamental scientific work lies in the complex and controversial task of reducing the gap between the law and psychology, and in creating a bridge between these two areas of human investigation and behaviour.[5]

The scientific influence of Guglielmo Gulotta has spread widely from [criminal law] through: attribution theory;[6] child abuse allegations;[7] ethics in psychology and in professional practice;[8] forensic neuroscience;[9] forensic psychology;[10] humour in life and in psychotherapy;[11] interpersonal influence studies;[12][13] mobbing;[14] psychoanalysis and individual responsibility;[15] psychology of last will and testament;[16] social psychology as a science of everyday life;[17] systemic theory and family conflicts;[18] touristic psychology;[19] traffic psychology;[20] victimology.[21][22][23][24]

Personal life

Guglielmo Gulotta was born in Milan on 11 July 1939. His family can be traced back to Sicily and Naples, and his pride in his roots is warmly expressed by his high spirit and vibrant character, which broadens his personality.
He is married without children, but has a niece (Francesca) and a nephew (Gian Giacomo).
Gulotta lives between Milan and Turin, and travels around all Italy.

Academic life

After his Upper Honour Degree in Law cum laude at the University of Milan in 1964, Gulotta continued his practice in law, and in 1966 he passed the exam to be on the Board of Lawyers of the Milan Tribunal.

His curiosity for human behaviour and interpersonal relationships continued to grow and in 1968 he was awarded a scholarship, which lasted until 1970, to follow a research programme at the Institute of Criminal Law in the University of Milan. Since the beginning of his life as a researcher he has believed that the science of psychology could shed some light on the complexity of mental dimensions and human relationships of the different actors in the court.

He started to study psychology avidly and in 1969 obtained his specialisation in Psychology at the University of Turin, where he subsequently returned as a Full Professor in 1995. He always remembers a film that he went to watch at the cinema, when it was first released in 1962, which apparently changed his life and his way of thinking for ever: Freud: The Secret Passion, also known as Freud. The film was a drama based on the life of the Austrian psychoanalyst Sigmund Freud.

Gulotta started then to see the possible and amazing use of psychology within the legal and criminal law scenarios. His career as a criminal barrister and as an academic started to take off. He believes that the law and psychology are two overlapping disciplines; they both study human behaviour. The first to control it; the second to explain it. In 1974 he became a collaborator, in a four-year research contract, with Prof. Pietro Nuvolone at the Institute of Criminal Law, University of Milan. In 1982 he obtained a researcher post at the Institute of Criminal Law, University of Milan, where is stayed until 1986, the year in which his interest and specialisation in psychology took him to Sardinia. At the University of Cagliari he was appointed as a full Professor in Social Psychology.

He enjoyed his academic life in Cagliari and his interest in joining law and psychology even closer developed greatly. In 1995 he was granted a post as a Full Professor in Juridical Psychology, at the University of Turin, where he is still working. The cathedra of Juridical Psychology granted to him was the first in Italy. His high commitment and work in the field was starting to pay off, not only within his practice as a barrister, but also as an academic.

Scientific and professional life

The most crucial insight within his scientific legacy is that human behaviour can be assessed and judged, as it happens every day in the Court, only by contextualising human actions and choices within the psychosocial reality of the defendant, the witnesses, the public prosecutor, the jury, and the Judge, and by recognising the psychological influences upon them. This was a remarkable insight by a person who was first trained in law and who first practiced in a field in which psychology was seen as something akin to astrology, and remote from the certainty and clear cut attitude required in Court.

In one of his edited books Treatise of Juridical Psychology [Trattato di Psicologia giudiziaria], 1987, inspired by the novels and plays of Luigi Pirandello and in line with the work of [Erving Goffman], he described the Court as a theatre. He identified the different figures operating there, both on the stage and in the backstage, with actors reciting their own roles within their specific status.

In this forensic theatre, the drama of life is unfolded daily, and every day the case presented to the Judge exists only by virtue of how the evidence was gathered and collated; how the public accuser perceives and understands the dynamics of personal and social responsibilities involved; how the lawyer or the barrister introduces and argues the defense; how the defendant furnishes information about their behaviour and their possible involvement, or not, in the case; how the alleged victim reports the experience; how the witnesses contribute to the understanding of the case; how the experts provide clarity.

Many of these dimensions imply that what we deal with in the Court is not actually anymore the factual historical reality of events, but has something to do with the [procedural reality], which is how events are reconstructed via a process affected by personal memory, perception, and understanding of what was and is going on.

Inspired by the work of scientists such as Peter L. Berger and Thomas Luckmann, and of the Scottish psychiatrist R. D. Laing, Gulotta believes that reality is a social construction, and that human beings are directly responsible for this natural fabrication of life and interpersonal relationships. Gulotta has also devoted some attention to victimology, paying a specific tribute to family violence.

Family violence

To date, international studies[25][26] have underlined a preoccupying rise in [family dysfunction], abuse and violence, and yet these domestic troubles remain, in most cases, secrets or, at best, unknown to the extend that the shifting manifestation of deviance stays underestimated. At the Septieme Congress Des nations Unies Pour la Prevention du Crime et le Traitment des Delinquants, in 1985, Gulotta, in his personal communication entitled Victims within the family, offered the following discerning words on family victimology:

"The fact that the family has the delicate function of first adapting the individual to society and also serv[ing] as a refuge from the stresses of social life outside its confines, means that victimization within the family represents a phenomenon of special gravity, calling for particular intervention […] (Gulotta, 1985, p. 13)”.

Family victimology has been the stepping stone for his work on child abuse. No doubt children have been often and for lengthy periods, silent victims of maltreatment, neglect, physical, psychological and sexual violence. The family setting is at times the most privileged environment for this type of crime to take place. It makes it easier to get access to children, to groom them and viciously entangle him/her in a promiscuous relationship. Family settings, once they permit the abuse dynamic to take place, can easily sustain it because of the claim to family privacy that allows the clearance of all external interferences.

Family is supposed to provide a child with a climate of protection, love and care.

Who can then be allowed to unveil the truth behind this paradisiacal scenario?

Real experiences and scientific evidence are extensively gathering data to reveal, unfortunately, that family members, and not least parents, can, at times, be responsible for such heinous acts.[27] In all this drama, which clusters together political, scientific, and professional forces, there exists another form of silent victimology, the one that focuses on false positives, that is the cases in which children of any age, and even adults, become convinced or are made to believe that they have experienced some form of sexual abuse either at present or in their past. The reality of false positives was born within the realm of public hysteria in which the urgency to protect children has been made so extreme that everything, every gesture or word that an adult performs, is considered abuse unless otherwise proved. In all this paraphernalia, Gulotta is convinced that the result of all this is that more victims are made and more suffering emerges. Gulotta considers that for a child to believe and to grow up with the credence that he/she has been abused by either their mother or father, or by one of their relatives, or by their school teacher or neighbour, when in fact it has not actually occurred, can perhaps be as emotionally damaging and traumatic as a real endured abuse.[28][29][30][31][32]

Recent achievements

Justice, and this is the great value, which has inspired the professional and scientific work of Gulotta, can be achieved only when a scientific-evidence methodology[33][34] is appropriately used to explore, address and resolve the complexity of sex abuse allegations. Within his long track record of studies done in forensic psychology, with the aim of addressing the matter of false negative allegations of child abuse, two important documents should be remembered and be associated with his name.

The Noto Charter [Carta di Noto], created and developed with Luisella DeCataldo and other professionals in 1996, was then revised on 7 July 2002. It is a document which contains guidelines for the examination of a minor in cases of sexual abuse.

The Venice Protocol [Protocollo di Venezia] was crafted and produced on 21–23 September 2007, with a group of professionals from different scientific disciplines such as law, psychology, criminology, child neuropsychology, and psychiatry. The document intends to be a guideline and a methodological tool to assist professionals in those cases in which a forensic diagnosis of an alleged sexual collective abuse of a minor is required.

Both documents have been shaped: with faithful reference to the jurisprudence and legislative developments in law; with wide recognition of the specialised international literature; with humble respect of the evidence-based findings offered by the progress of scientific research in this area. One of Gulotta's relatively recent books,[35] is a comprehensive theoretical and empirical analysis of how these two main domains (law and psychology) are intertwined in the real world. The book collects some of the work Gulotta has shared with his collaborators.

He has been involved in hundreds of conferences and symposiums, in numerous radio and TV programmes and his competence has been widely appreciated.

The most recent achievement of Gulotta is the creation of a Foundation under his name, Guglielmo Gulotta Foundation (www.fondazionegulotta.org/). The aims are the promotion, realisation, and dissemination of studies, scientific research, and professional training in forensic and social psychology, and strategic communication. The scope is to help experienced professionals to update and enrich their competence, or to develop in new generation of professionals, those skills – the social and forensic psychology know how – which have become so indispensable and fundamental within the social and forensic fields where they are called upon to perform. The rationale of the Guglielmo Gulotta Foundation is to make a contribution to the development of professionals who show fairness in the words they proffer, justice in their decisions, honesty in their actions, and sensitivity in their handling of cases. The gratitude of all his students and colleagues goes out to him not just for what he has been able to teach, but for making them appreciate that what is also important in science is to have the courage to make one’s own choice, and to address it with a sense of personal and professional responsibility.[3]

Major works

Notes

  1. ↑ Gulotta G. (2002a). La psicologia giuridica: un’interfaccia tra diritto e psicologia. In G. Gulotta e coll. Elementi di psicologia giuridica e di diritto psicologico (pp. 1–9). Milan: Giuffrè.
  2. ↑ Patrizi, P.(1996). Psicologia giuridica penale: storia, attualità e prospettive. Milan: Giuffrè.
  3. 1 2 AA.VV. (2009). Processi penali e processi psicologici [Criminal trials and psychological processes]. Milan: Giuffrè.
  4. ↑ Mariani Marini A. & Paganelli M. (2003) (Eds.) L’avvocato e il processo. Le tecniche della difesa. Milan: Giuffrè.
  5. ↑ Gulotta G. (2007a). Dal giusto processo al processo giusto, psicologicamente parlando, in L. De Cataldo Neuburger (Ed.). La prova scientifica nel processo penale (pp. 525–549). Padua: Cedam.
  6. ↑ Gulotta, G. (1982). I processi di attribuzione nella psicologia interpersonale e sociale. Milan: Franco Angeli.
  7. ↑ Gulotta, G. & Cutica, I. (2004). Guida alla perizia in tema di abuso sessuale e alla sua critica. Milan: Giuffrè.
  8. ↑ Calvi, E. & Gulotta, G. (1999). Il codice deontologico degli psicologi. Milan: Giuffré.
  9. ↑ Bianchi, A. Gulotta, G., & Sartori, G. (2009) (Eds.). Manuale di neuroscienze forensi [Manual of forensic neuroscience]. Milan: Giuffré.
  10. ↑ Gulotta, G. & Puddu, L. (2004). La persuasione forense, strategie e tattiche. Milan: Giuffrè.
  11. ↑ Gulotta, G., Forabosco, G., & Musu, M. L. (2001). Il comportamento spiritoso. Scherzare e ridere di sé, degli altri e della vita. Milan: McGraw-Hill.
  12. ↑ Gulotta, G. (1976). Commedie e drammi nel matrimonio. Milan: Feltrinelli.
  13. ↑ This book has been translated into French, German and Spanish.
  14. ↑ Gulotta, G. (2007). Il vero e il falso mobbing. Milano: Giuffrè.
  15. ↑ Gulotta, G. (2005). Psicoanalisi e responsabilità penale (2nd ed.). Milan: Giuffrè.
  16. ↑ Gulotta, G., Prino L., Zoppas F., & Zuffranieri M. (2003). Psicologia, psicopatologia e devianza nel testamento. Milan: Giuffré.
  17. ↑ Gulotta, G. (2008) (Ed.). La vita quotidiana come laboratorio di psicologia sociale. Milan: Giuffrè.
  18. ↑ Gulotta, G. & Martinello, P. (1982). Sistema familiare e tossicodipendenza. Milan: Giuffrè.
  19. ↑ Gulotta, G. & Mamia L. (2003). Psicologia turistica (2nd ed.). Milan: Giuffré.
  20. ↑ Gulotta, G. & Zara, G. (forthcoming) (Eds.). Psicologia e Psicopatologia del traffico stradale [Psychology and psychopathology of road traffic]. Milan: Giuffrè.
  21. ↑ Gulotta, G. (1983). Victimization an Victimological Orientations in Italy. Victimology: An International Journal, 8(3–4), 23–34.
  22. ↑ Gulotta, G. (1984). New Approaches to Victimology. International Review of Applied Psychology, 33, 87–95.
  23. ↑ Gulotta, G. & Riboni, M. (1982). Victimology in Italy. Victimology: An International Journal, 7(1–4), 156–161.
  24. ↑ Gulotta, G. & de Cataldo Neuburger L. (1983). A Systemic and Attributional Approach to Victimology. Victimology: An International Journal, 8(1–2), 5–16.
  25. ↑ Browne, K. D. (2009). Working to prevent sexual abuse in the family. In A. Beech, C. Leam, & K. Browne (Eds.). Assessment and treatment of sex offenders: A handbook (pp. 491–514). Chichester: John Wiley & Sons.
  26. ↑ Butchart, A., Harvey, A. P., Mian, M., & Furniss, T. (2006). Preventing child maltreatment: A guide to taking action and generating evidence. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization and International Society for Prevention of Child Abuse and Neglect.
  27. ↑ Fergusson, D. M. & Mullen, P. E. (1999). Childhood Sexual Abuse: An Evidence Based Perspective. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
  28. ↑ Gulotta G., (2007b). La valutazione dell’abuso sessuale tra scienza ed emozione. 8° Rapporto Nazionale sulla Condizione dell’Infanzia e dell’Adolescenza (pp. 19–27). Milano: Eurispes-Telefono Azzurro.
  29. ↑ Puddu, L. & Zara, G. (forthcoming publication). Falsi positivi e negativi nei casi di presunto abuso sessuale sui minori. Errori processuali e vittimologia forense. In G. Gulotta & A. Curci (Eds.). La psicologia giuridica nel giusto processo. Penale, civile e minorile [Juridical psychology in the fair trial. Criminal, civil and juvenile proceedings]. Milan: Giuffrè.
  30. ↑ Belli, R. F.,Winkielman, P., Read, J. D., Schwarz, N., & Lynn, S. J. (1998). Recalling more childhood events leads to judgments of poorer memory. Psychonomic Bulletin and Review, 5, 318–323.
  31. ↑ Loftus, E. F. (2003). Our changeable memories: Legal and practical implications. Nature Reviews: Neuroscience, 4, 231–234.
  32. ↑ London, K., Bruck, M., Ceci, S. J., & Shuman, D. W. (2005). Disclosure of Child Sexual Abuse. What Does the Research Tell Us About the Ways that Children Tell? Psychology, Public Policy, and Law, 11(1), 194–226.
  33. ↑ De Cataldo Neuburger, L. (2007) (Ed.). La prova scientifica nel processo penale. Padua: Cedam.
  34. ↑ Clark, C. R. (2009). Professional Roles: Key to Accuracy and Effectiveness. In K. Kuehnle & M. Connell (Eds.). The Evaluation of Child Sexual Abuse Allegations: A Comprehensive Guide to Assessment and Testimony(pp. 69–80). Hoboken, New Jersey. John Wiley & Sons.
  35. ↑ Gulotta, G. (2002) (Ed.). Elementi di psicologia giuridica e di diritto psicologico [Juridical psychology and psychological law]. Milan: Giuffrè.

References

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