HMS Coventry (1757)
| History | |
|---|---|
 Great Britain | |
| Name: | HMS Coventry |
| Operator: | Royal Navy |
| Ordered: | 13 April 1756 |
| Awarded: | 28 April 1756 |
| Builder: | Henry Adams's yard, Bucklers Hard |
| Laid down: | 31 May 1756 |
| Launched: | 30 May 1757 |
| Completed: | 31 July 1757 at Portsmouth Dockyard |
| Commissioned: | May 1757 |
| Out of service: |
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| Honours and awards: |
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| Captured: | 12 January 1783 off Ganjam, Bay of Bengal |
 France | |
| Name: | Le Coventry |
| Acquired: | January 1783 by capture |
| Decommissioned: | January 1785 at Brest |
| In service: | 1783-1785 |
| Fate: | Broken up, 1786 |
| General characteristics | |
| Class and type: | Coventry-class frigate |
| Displacement: | 850 tons (French) |
| Tons burthen: | 599 25⁄94 (bm) |
| Length: |
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| Beam: | 34 ft 0 7⁄8 in (10.385 m) |
| Depth of hold: | 10 ft 6 in (3.20 m) |
| Sail plan: | Full-rigged ship |
| Complement: |
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| Armament: |
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HMS Coventry was a 28-gun sixth-rate frigate of the Royal Navy, launched in 1757 and in active service as a privateer hunter during Seven Years' War, and as part of the British fleet in India during the Anglo-French War. After seventeen years' in British service she was captured by the French in 1783, off Ganjam in the Bay of Bengal. Thereafter she spent two years as part of the French Navy until January 1785 when she was removed from service at the port of Brest. She was broken up in 1786.
Design
Sir Thomas Slade designed Coventry "to the draught of the Tartar with such alterations withinboard as may be judged necessary", making her a further development of the Lyme. A further twelve ships were built to the draught of the Coventry between 1756 and 1763, as well as another five to a modified version of fir (pine) construction.
Career
Coventry saw active service shortly after launch. On 19 December 1757 she was chasing the 14-gun French privateer Diamond when that vessel caught fire and exploded, likely as a result of sparks flying from her guns back into the powder room. Five days later, in company with the 36-gun frigate HMS Brilliant, Coventry engaged and defeated a 24-gun privateer, Le Dragon.[1] Six of Coventry's sailors were wounded in the brief exchange of fire with the French vessel, compared with four killed and either 10 or 12 wounded aboard the privateer. A total of 280 French sailors survived the battle and were taken prisoner aboard Coventry and Brilliant.[2]
Early on the morning of 10 August 1778, Admiral Edward Vernon's squadron, consisting of Rippon (Vernon's flagship), Coventry, Seahorse, Cormorant, and the East India Company's ship Valentine, encountered a French squadron under Admiral François l'Ollivier de Tronjoly which consisted of the 64-gun ship of the line Le Brillant, the frigate La Pourvoyeuse, and three smaller ships, Sartine, Lauriston, and Brisson. An inconclusive action followed for about two hours in mid-afternoon. The French broke off the action and the British vessels were too damaged to be able to catch them up again. In the action the British suffered 11 men killed and 53 wounded, including one man killed and 20 wounded aboard Coventry.[3]
Seahorse captured Sartine on 25 August 1778. Sartine had been patrolling off Pondichery with Pourvoyeuse when they sighted two East Indiamen, which were sailing blithely along, unaware of the outbreak of war. The French vessels gave chase lazily. Sartine's captain, Count du Chaillar, first had to be roused from his bed ashore. The British merchant vessels escaped, but Sartine came too close to Vernon's squadron. Vernon sent Coventry and Seahorse after her and she surrendered after a short action. A French account remarks acidly that she surrendered to a frigate of her own size without a fight.[4] All four Royal Navy vessels in Vernon's squadron shared in the prize money.[5] (Vernon had already sent Valentine off with dispatches.) The Royal Navy took Sartine into service as the fifth-rate frigate HMS Sartine.
On 12 August 1782, Coventry, under the command of Captain Andrew Mitchell encountered the French frigate Bellone off Friars Hood, Ceylon. After two-and-a-half hours, Bellone sailed away. Coventry pursued until Bellone reached the protection of the French fleet at Batacaloa. Coventry suffered 15 men killed and 29 wounded in the engagement.[6]
Capture
On 14 September 1782, Captain William Wolseley took command of Coventry. On the night of 12 January 1783, he sailed her towards four large vessels at Ganjam Roads, believing them to be some East Indiamen for which he was searching to convoy to Calcutta. He had no information that French vessels were in the area and so allowed the current to take him towards the vessels, the wind being weak. When he realized that they were French vessels, part of the fleet under Suffren, he was unable to escape. The French vessels opened fire and Wolseley had no choice but to surrender.[7]
Fate
The French sailed Coventry to Brest, where they decommissioned her in January 1785. She was broken up in 1786.[8][9]
Citations
- ↑ Winfield 2007, p.193
- ↑ The London Gazette: no. 9755. p. 2. 7 January 1758.
- ↑ Anon. (1801), Section: Pon.
- ↑ Barras (1895), Vol. 1, pp.371-2.
- ↑ The London Gazette: no. 12718. p. 22. 17 January 1786.
- ↑ Kippis (1784), p.169.
- ↑ Hepper (1994), p.71.
- ↑ Demerliac (1996), p.69, #430.
- ↑ Winfield and Roberts (2015), p.122.
References
- Anon. (1801) The field of Mars. (Printed for J. Macgowan).
- Barras, Paul vicomte de (1895) Memoirs of Barras, member of the directorate. (Harper & brothers).
- Demerliac, Alain (1996) La Marine De Louis XVI: Nomenclature Des Navires Français De 1774 À 1792. (Nice: Éditions OMEGA). ISBN 2-906381-23-3
- Gardiner, Robert (1992) The First Frigates. (London: Conway Maritime Press). ISBN 0-85177-601-9.
- Hepper, David J. (1994). British Warship Losses in the Age of Sail, 1650-1859. Rotherfield: Jean Boudriot. ISBN 0-948864-30-3.
- Kippis, Andrew (1784) The New annual register, or, General repository of history, politics, and literature for the year ... (Printed for G.G.J. and J. Robinson).
- Lyon, David (1993) The Sailing Navy List. (London: Conway Maritime Press). ISBN 0-85177-617-5.
- Winfield, Rif (2007) British Warships in the Age of Sail, 1714 to 1792. (London: Seaforth Publishing). ISBN 978-1-84415-700-6.
- Winfield, Rif & Stephen S Roberts (2015) French Warships in the Age of Sail 1786 - 1861: Design Construction, Careers and Fates. (Seaforth Publishing). ISBN 9781848322042