HSUR

HSUR1
Conserved secondary structure of HSUR1.
Identifiers
Symbol	HSUR1
Rfam	RF01802
Other data
RNA type	snRNA
Domain(s)	Herpesvirus saimiri, Herpesvirus ateles

HSUR2
Conserved secondary structure of HSUR2.
Identifiers
Symbol	HSUR2
Rfam	RF01802
Other data
RNA type	snRNA
Domain(s)	Herpesvirus saimiri, Herpesvirus ateles

HSURs (Herpesvirus saimiri U RNAs) are viral small regulatory RNAs. They are found in Herpesvirus saimiri which is responsible for aggressive T-cell leukemias in primates. They are nuclear RNAs which bind host proteins to form small nuclear ribonucleoproteins (snRNPs).^[1] The RNAs are 114-143 nucleotides in length and the HSUR family has been subdivided into HSURs numbered 1 to 7.^[2] The function of HSURs has not yet been identified; they do not affect transcription so are thought to act post-transcriptionally, potentially influencing the stability of host mRNAs.^[1]

HSUR1 and 2 are the most conserved members of the family within HSV subgroups. HSUR1 has been shown to bind the host heterogeneous ribonucleoprotein particle protein hnRNPD in vivo.^[3] Other HSURs bind HuR/ELAVL1.^[2] They are transcribed by RNA polymerase II with promoters similar to that of U RNAs^[1]

Features shared by all HSURs include:^[1]

• 5´-trimethylguanosine caps
• 3' terminal stem-loops
• canonical Sm protein-binding site (AUUUUUG)

A proposed role for HSURs is that they use the RNA interference (RNAi) pathway to manipulate host-cell gene expression. One identified miRNA which responds to HSURs is miR-27.^[4]

See also

• HHV Latency Associated Transcript

References

1. Conrad NK, Fok V, Cazalla D, Borah S, Steitz JA (2006). "The challenge of viral snRNPs". Cold Spring Harb. Symp. Quant. Biol. 71: 377–84. doi:10.1101/sqb.2006.71.057. PMID 17381320. Retrieved 2010-08-13.
2. Tycowski K.T., Kolev N.G., Conrad N.K., Fok V., and Steitz J.A. 2006. The ever-growing world of small nuclear ribonucleoproteins. In The RNA world, 3rd edition (ed. R.F. Gesteland et al.), p. 327. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, Cold Spring Harbor, New York.
3. Cook HL, Mischo HE, Steitz JA (May 2004). "The Herpesvirus saimiri small nuclear RNAs recruit AU-rich element-binding proteins but do not alter host AU-rich element-containing mRNA levels in virally transformed T cells". Mol. Cell. Biol. 24 (10): 4522–33. doi:10.1128/mcb.24.10.4522-4533.2004. PMC 400482. PMID 15121869. Retrieved 2010-08-13.
4. Cazalla, D; Yario, T; Steitz, JA (Jun 18, 2010). "Down-regulation of a host microRNA by a Herpesvirus saimiri noncoding RNA.". Science. 328 (5985): 1563–6. doi:10.1126/science.1187197. PMC 3075239. PMID 20558719.

Further reading

• Albrecht JC, Fleckenstein B (April 1992). "Nucleotide sequence of HSUR 6 and HSUR 7, two small RNAs of herpesvirus saimiri". Nucleic Acids Res. 20 (7): 1810. doi:10.1093/nar/20.7.1810. PMC 312282. PMID 1315960. Retrieved 2010-08-13.
• Lee SI, Murthy SC, Trimble JJ, Desrosiers RC, Steitz JA (August 1988). "Four novel U RNAs are encoded by a herpesvirus". Cell. 54 (5): 599–607. doi:10.1016/S0092-8674(88)80004-7. PMID 2842058. Retrieved 2010-08-13.
• Cook HL, Mischo HE, Steitz JA (May 2004). "The Herpesvirus saimiri small nuclear RNAs recruit AU-rich element-binding proteins but do not alter host AU-rich element-containing mRNA levels in virally transformed T cells". Mol. Cell. Biol. 24 (10): 4522–33. doi:10.1128/mcb.24.10.4522-4533.2004. PMC 400482. PMID 15121869. Retrieved 2010-08-13.
• Wassarman DA, Lee SI, Steitz JA (February 1989). "Nucleotide sequence of HSUR 5 RNA from herpesvirus saimiri". Nucleic Acids Res. 17 (3): 1258. doi:10.1093/nar/17.3.1258. PMC 331759. PMID 2537954. Retrieved 2010-08-13.
• Lee SI, Steitz JA (August 1990). "Herpesvirus saimiri U RNAs are expressed and assembled into ribonucleoprotein particles in the absence of other viral genes". J. Virol. 64 (8): 3905–15. PMC 249686. PMID 2164602. Retrieved 2010-08-13.
• Fan XC, Myer VE, Steitz JA (October 1997). "AU-rich elements target small nuclear RNAs as well as mRNAs for rapid degradation". Genes Dev. 11 (19): 2557–68. doi:10.1101/gad.11.19.2557. PMC 316563. PMID 9334320. Retrieved 2010-08-13.
• Myer VE, Lee SI, Steitz JA (February 1992). "Viral small nuclear ribonucleoproteins bind a protein implicated in messenger RNA destabilization". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 89 (4): 1296–300. doi:10.1073/pnas.89.4.1296. PMC 48436. PMID 1311093. Retrieved 2010-08-13.
• Chou CS, Medveczky MM, Geck P, Vercelli D, Medveczky PG (April 1995). "Expression of IL-2 and IL-4 in T lymphocytes transformed by herpesvirus saimiri". Virology. 208 (2): 418–26. doi:10.1006/viro.1995.1172. PMID 7747414. Retrieved 2010-08-13.
• Geck P, Whitaker SA, Medveczky MM, Last TJ, Medveczky PG (January 1994). "Small RNA expression from the oncogenic region of a highly oncogenic strain of herpesvirus saimiri". Virus Genes. 8 (1): 25–34. doi:10.1007/bf01703599. PMID 8209420.