Hadley Field

Postal employees transferring airmail to and off airplanes (left and right, respectively) at Hadley Field in July, 1925.

Hadley Field was an airport in South Plainfield, New Jersey (US). It was a terminus for transporting airmail in the eastern United States and instigated the first long distance night airmail service across the nation.

Background

The Post Office planned to do night airmail in the early 1920s. It was then using Mineola, New York's Hazlehurst Field on western Long Island for daytime airmail. They also used Belmont Race Track in Elmont, New York, just west of Mineola. These flights were over New York City and in poor weather presented dangerous conditions.^[1] The New York air fields were often in fog and smoke, so were inadequate for night flights. The ideal area for night lift-offs and landings would be a level field of land clear in all directions most of the time. The area could be then improved to make a terminal facility that could operate 24 hours a day. Government officials for the United States Post Office scouted for such an area in the eastern United States.^[2]

Silent film showing beacon lights along route for night airmail service (46 seconds)

Description

The officials for the United States Postal Service found level ground acreage just outside of New Brunswick, New Jersey, that would work for a new 24 hour flight field. John R. Hadley Sr. owned the 144 acre farm in Piscataway Township, New Jersey.^[1] He leased seventy-seven acres of his farm to the US Postal Service on November 1, 1924.^[3] There were certain improvements made by the US government to make it satisfactory. The land was first cleared to make airplane runway strips. Then radio antenna towers were built and field boundary lights installed. There were powerful floodlights and revolving beacons added so it could conduct night flying.^[4] It became known as Hadley Field, after the name of the farmer that owned the property.^[2]

History

Postmaster General New with air mail for night flight from Hadley Field July 1, 1925

The airmail operations were completely moved from Hazlehurst Field in New York to Hadley Field in New Jersey by December 15, 1924.^[2][5] The first night flight service for airmail was from Hadley Field and instigated on the evening of July 1, 1925.^[6][7] There were 500,000,000-candlepower arc floodlights that lit Hadley Field for a mile in a semi-circle. There was additionally a searchlight that was on a hangar that revolved six times a minute. There were more than 15,000 spectators that watched pilots Dean Smith and J.D. Hill fly out into the evening sky destined for Cleveland, Ohio, where the mail would be forwarded to Chicago by other planes and pilots.^[8] The people were witnesses to the significant inaugural transcontinental night airmail service between the two largest American cities, New York and Chicago.^[9][10] The route was lighted with beacon lights to direct and guide the pilots for night flying.^[11][12]

Smith described in his book his initial night flight for the new air mail service as a harrowing experience.^[13] He explains that the newsreel cameras were filming while he climbed in the De Haviland model DH-4 airplane. He recounted his take-off from Hadley Field, with eighty-seven pounds of mail, as something out of the ordinary. The engine suddenly throttled down on its own at about a hundred feet altitude as though someone had pulled back on the controls. This was not as desired as the airplane was still climbing to a cruising altitude. He then describes how he managed with difficulty to turn the airplane around and went back to Hadley Field. It was discovered upon examination by the mechanics that there was a mechanical malfunction of the carburetor. It was fixed in two hours with no delay in the schedule and he took off again for his first stop at Bellefonte, Pennsylvania.^[8]

Mail truck & de Havilland airmail plane

Later, while in flight engine failure forced him to land in a field at Kylertown, Pennsylvania.^[3] Smith was delayed a couple of hours while obtaining another plane to use to continue his airmail delivery to Cleveland. He describes this leg as not any better than his first flight leg. He had run out of gas less than twenty minutes from the airport at Cleveland. He crashed landed upside down in a farmer's vineyard with a broken airplane, but unhurt himself. The farmer asked Smith if this was his normal way of landing.^[2]

J.D. Hill was the first to get his mail through. He lifted off from Hadley Field at 9:48 P.M. (local time) and arrived at Cleveland at 3:04 A.M. (local time) the next morning, for a total time of a little over 9 hours. The mail was transferred to another plane piloted by Warren Williams who took off at 3:28 A.M., some twenty minutes later. Williams got the mail to Chicago at 6:19 A.M.^[8] The first flights of night airmail in and out of Hadley Field were deemed a success.^[14][15] The first plane to arrive at Hadley Field in the new night airmail service carried flowers for Colonel John Coolidge from Vice President Charles G. Dawes and arrived at Hadley Field at 2 A.M. on July 2, 1925.^[16][17] Airmail that arrived at Hadley Field by plane was transported by truck and train to New York City.^[4]

Demise and legacy

Once the airmail routes in the United States were established, the service was then done by private carriers instead of the government. Hadley Field closed it operations in 1968 and the property was sold to a real estate developer. A shopping mall was put on the land. There is a historical marker there explaining about Hadley Field.^[1] It is listed in Abandoned & Little Known Airfields' database.^[18]

See also

• Aviation in the New York metropolitan area
• List of airports in New Jersey

References

1. Mappen 2004, p. 342.
2. Wright, Nancy Allison (1999). "HADLEY FIELD, NIGHT AIRMAIL'S FIRST EASTERN TERMINUS". Air Mail Pioneers. Retrieved July 14, 2016.
3. Bond 2012, p. 81.
4. "Attracting Publicity". The Daily Home Times. New Brunswick, New Jersey. July 12, 1925.
5. Holden 2009, p. 12.
6. Kane 1997, p. 433.
7. Bonham, Bob (May 15, 1938). "20th Anniversary of Air Mail to be Celebrated Thursday". The Daily Home News. New Brunswick, New Jersey. On July 1, 1925, the first night air mail service was established at Hadley Field.
8. "Planes Carrying Night Mail Between New Brunswick and Chicago Complete Trips, East Bound Flyers Making Record Time / Epochal Service Inaugurated at Hadley Field Before Postmaster General New and More Than 15,000 Spectators; Last Plane to Leave Was the First to Arrive in Chicago". The Daily Home News. New Brunswick, New Jersey. July 2, 1925.
9. Veit 2002, p. 71.
10. "Overnight New York-Chicago Air Mail Service Is Decided Success". The Evening Review. East Liverpool, Ohio. July 2, 1925 – via Newspapers.com .
11. Nielson 1962, p. 18.
12. "Air Mail Service Started between N.Y.and Chicago / Over-night Jumps Inaugurated As Planes Leave Both Cities / Way Lighted by Powerful Lights". Joplin Globe. Joplin, Missouri. July 2, 1925 – via Newspapers.com .
13. Smith 2000, p. 157.
14. "Chicago-N.Y. Air Mail Service is a Success". Journal Gazette. Mattoon, Illinois. July 2, 1925 – via Newspapers.com .
15. "Eight-Hour New York-Chicago Nightmail Now In Operation". The Indianapolis News. Indianapolis, Indiana. July 2, 1925 – via Newspapers.com .
16. "New York-Chicago Air Mail Success / First Plane in New Night Mail Service from Chicago Arrives Ahead of Schedule / Flowers for Colonel John Coolidge". The Tribune. Seymour, Indiana. July 2, 1925 – via Newspapers.com .
17. "Overnight Mail Success / Letters Posted in New York In Evening Delivered in Chicago Next Day". Macon Chronicle-Herald. Macon, Missouri. July 2, 1925 – via Newspapers.com .
18. Freeman, Paul (2016). "Northeastern New Jersey". Abandoned & Little-Known Airfields. Retrieved July 14, 2016.

Sources

• Bond, Gordon (2012). North Jersey Legacies. The History Press. ISBN 978-1-60949-556-5.
• Holden, Henry M. (2009). Newark Airport. Arcadia Publishing. ISBN 978-0-7385-6522-4.
• Kane, Joseph Nathan (1997). Famous First Facts, Fifth Edition. The H. W. Wilson Company. Item 6021, page 433. ISBN 0-8242-0930-3. The first airmail long-distance night service was established on July 1, 1925, from New York City to Chicago, IL, over a 774-mile course. The first plane, from Hadley Field, New Brunswick, NJ (in the metropolitan New York area), was piloted by Dean C. Smith. It was followed by a second plane piloted by J.D. Hill.
• Mappen, Marc (2004). Encyclopedia of New Jersey. Rutgers University Press. ISBN 978-0-8135-3325-4. On July 1, 1925, overnight airmail was flown from Hadley for the first time when pilot Dean C. Smith took off with eighty-seven pounds of mail.
• Nielson, Dale (1962). U.S. Air Mail Service, 1918–1927. Air Mail Pioneers.
• Smith, Dean C. (2000). By the Seat of My Pants. B.D. King Press. ISBN 978-0-9716871-4-1.
• Veit, Richard F. (2002). South Plainfield. Arcadia Publishing. ISBN 978-0-7385-1111-5. Pilot Dean C. Smith took off from Hadley Field in a DH-4 on the first leg of the run. His destination was Cleveland, where the mail would be transferred to another flight. The flight took place on July 1, 1925. Over 15,000 people came to witness the event.

External links

• Night Airmail's first
• Abandoned & Little-Known Airfields – Hadley Field
• Speech of Vice President Nixon on Hadley Field