Hawk/goose effect
In cognitive ethology, the hawk/goose effect refers to a behavior observed in some young birds when another bird flies above them: if the flying bird is a goose, the young bird shows no reaction, but if the flying bird is a hawk, the young bird leans itself in order to reduce the danger. Initially thought to be an inborn instinct developed from natural selection, it was later shown to be cultural. It was first observed by Konrad Lorenz and Nikolaas Tinbergen.[1][2][3][4]
References
- ↑ nobelprize.org – The Tinbergen Brothers, by Auke R. Leen.
- ↑ Jeffrey Alan Gray (1987). The Psychology of Fear and Stress. CUP Archive. p. 7. ISBN 978-0-521-27098-4.
- ↑ John Sparks (1982). The Discovery of Animal Behaviour. Collins. p. 196. ISBN 978-0-00-219061-9.
- ↑ Kathryn E. Hood; Gary Greenberg; Ethel Tobach (26 November 2013). Behavioral Development: Concepts of Approach/Withdrawal and Integrative Levels. Routledge. p. 24. ISBN 978-1-135-57533-5.
Further reading
- Schleidt, Wolfgang; Shalter, Michael D.; Moura-Neto, Humberto. "The hawk/goose story: The classical ethological experiments of Lorenz and Tinbergen, revisited." Journal of Comparative Psychology, Vol 125(2), May 2011, 121–133.
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