Henry, Duke of Saxe-Römhild

Duke Henry of Saxe-Römhild
Duke Henry of Saxe-Römhild as a general in armor with a baton and wig, engraving by Peter Schenk the Elder, today in the Kupferstichkabinett, State Art Collections Dresden, Dresden
Duke of Saxe-Römhild
Reign	1675–1710
Successor	John Ernest IV
Born	19 November 1650 Gotha
Died	13 May 1710 (aged 59) Römhild
Burial	Römhild
Spouse	Marie Elisabeth of Hesse-Darmstadt
House	House of Wettin
Father	Ernst I, Duke of Saxe-Coburg-Altenburg
Mother	Elisabeth Sophie of Saxe-Altenburg

Duke Henry of Saxe-Römhild - bust in armor with wig, head scarf and shoulder sash at Oval, with its motto Si Deus pro nobis, quis contra nos? (Latin for "If God be for us, who can be against us?") and large coat of arms with princely hat, and a console with ornaments, engraving by Peter Schenk the Elder, now in the Kupferstichkabinett, State Art Collections Dresden, Dresden

Henry of Saxe-Römhild (19 November 1650 – 13 May 1710) was a duke of Saxe-Römhild.

Life

He was born in Gotha, as the seventh but fourth surviving son of Ernest I the Pious of Saxe-Gotha and Elisabeth Sophie of Saxe-Altenburg. After the death of their father, in 1675, Henry and his brothers co-ruled the duchy of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg. On 24 February 1680, after the treaty of division of the family lands with his brothers, he received Saxe-Römhild, which consisted of the cities of Römhild, Königsberg (now in Bavaria), Themar, Behrungen and Milz and the fiefdom of Echter.

In Darmstadt on 1 March 1676, Henry married Marie Elisabeth of Hesse-Darmstadt, daughter of Louis VI of Hesse-Darmstadt. They had no children.

From 18 November 1680 Henry and his young wife Marielies lived in what they called Glücksburg castle in Römhild. Duke Henry unfolded brisk construction activity. He had his castle remodeled and rebuilt according to his wishes. During his rule the castle church was built, and a customs house, and four houses for the court nobility, plus a riding school, a race track and the Orangerie. Among the more magnificent structures were a cave house named Marie Elizabeth Delight, named after his wife, whom he loved very much, and a pleasure palace in Mertzelbach, designed by the court sculptor Lux, who also created the high altar in the Abbey Church. Many of these buildings no longer exist, but Henry described them in detail in his book The Princely desire to build of Duke Henry of Saxe-Römhild, which he published himself. This book is considered one of the few remaining contemporary testimonies on ephemeral architecture. Henry also had lake Bürgersee drained and converted it into a pleasure garden. He equipped the city church with a Baroque high altar, an ornate royal box and a new organ.

Henry was knowledgeable in mechanics, architecture and mathematics. He maintained a princely library at Schloss Glücksburg, which he expanded steadily. After Henry's death, it was inherited by the Duke of Saxe-Gotha.

From 1691 to 1693 he had been regent for Duke Frederick II of Saxe-Gotha, together with his brother Bernhard. Henry entered into imperial military service when he was young and became imperial Generalfeldzeugmeister in 1697. In 1698, he received the Order of the Elephant. In his last four years he was the senior member of the Ernestine house.

The luxurious life at court and the court of the duke's representative brought the small country town of Römhild to economic recovery and cultural prosperity. The expenditure exceeded the financial strength of the Duke by far. When the popular ruler died unexpectedly in 1710, he left behind significant debts. His inheritance was auctioned.

Henry died at Römhild. After his death, his lands were disputed between his brothers. Eventually, Römhild was retained by his younger brother, John Ernest. Duke Henry was buried in the Altar Hall of Römhild church. Today, there is no inscription and no more grave marker.

His marriage was childless and Ernestine sideline of Römhild died out with his death. The Principality was divided in the Coburg-Eisenberg-Römhild inheritance dispute, which was settled in 1735.

Ancestors

Ancestors of Henry, Duke of Saxe-Römhild

8. Johann Wilhelm, Duke of Saxe-Weimar               4. John II, Duke of Saxe-Weimar                       9. Dorothea Susanne of Simmern               2. Ernest I, Duke of Saxe-Gotha                             10. Joachim Ernst, Prince of Anhalt               5. Dorothea Maria of Anhalt                       11. Eleonore of Württemberg               1. Henry, Duke of Saxe-Römhild                                   12. Frederick William I, Duke of Saxe-Weimar               6. Johann Philipp, Duke of Saxe-Altenburg                       13. Anna Maria of the Palatinate-Neuburg               3. Princess Elisabeth Sophie of Saxe-Altenburg                             14. Henry Julius, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg               7. Elisabeth of Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel                       15. Elizabeth of Denmark

References

• Association for History and Geography of Saxe-Meiningen, Neue Landeskunde des Herzogtums Sachsen-Meiningen, Hildburghausen 1903.
• August B. Michaelis: Einleitung zu einer volständigen Geschichte der Chur- und Fürstlichen Häuser ..., p. 521.
• Johann Samuel Ersch: Allgemeine Encyclopädie der Wissenschaften und Künste in alphabetischer ..., p. 358.