Henry Jackson (Royal Navy officer)

Sir Henry Jackson
Admiral of the Fleet Sir Henry Jackson
Born	(1855-01-21)21 January 1855 Barnsley, Yorkshire
Died	14 December 1929(1929-12-14) (aged 74) Hayling Island, Hampshire
Allegiance	United Kingdom
Service/branch	Royal Navy
Years of service	1868–1924
Rank	Admiral of the Fleet
Commands held	First Sea Lord Royal Naval College, Greenwich 6th Cruiser Squadron HMS Vernon HMS DuncanHMS Vulcan HMS Juno
Battles/wars	Anglo-Zulu War First World War
Awards	Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath Knight Commander of the Royal Victorian Order Grand Cross of the Order of Naval Merit (Spain) Grand Cordon of the Order of the Rising Sun (Japan)

Admiral of the Fleet Sir Henry Bradwardine Jackson, GCB, KCVO, FRS (21 January 1855 – 14 December 1929) was a Royal Navy officer. After serving in the Anglo-Zulu War he established an early reputation as a pioneer of ship-to-ship wireless technology. Later he became the first person to achieve ship-to-ship wireless communications and demonstrated continuous communication with another vessel up to three miles away. He went on to be Third Sea Lord and Controller of the Navy, then Director of the Royal Naval War College and subsequently Chief of the Admiralty War Staff. He was advisor on overseas expeditions planning attacks on Germany's colonial possessions at the start of the First World War and was selected as the surprise successor to Admiral Lord Fisher upon the latter's spectacular resignation in May 1915 following the failure of the Gallipoli Campaign. He had a cordial working relationship with First Lord of the Admiralty (and former Prime Minister) Arthur Balfour, but largely concerned himself with administrative matters and his prestige suffered when German destroyers appeared in the Channel, as a result of which he was replaced in December 1916.

Early career

Born the son of Henry Jackson (linen manufacturer and bleacher) and Jane Jackson (née Tee) of Barnsley was educated in Chester and then at Stubbington House School near Fareham in Hampshire,^[1] Henry Bradwardine Jackson joined the Royal Navy as a cadet in the training ship HMS Britannia in 1868.^[2] He was made a midshipman in the armoured frigate HMS Hector in the Reserve Fleet in April 1870 before transferring to the corvette HMS Cadmus in December 1871.^[2] Promoted to sub-lieutenant on 18 October 1874, he was posted to the corvette HMS Rover on the North America and West Indies Station in August 1876.^[2] Promoted to again to lieutenant on 27 October 1877,^[3] he joined the corvette HMS Active on the Cape of Good Hope Station in March 1878 and saw action ashore during the Anglo-Zulu War in 1879.^[2] He attended the torpedo school HMS Vernon in 1881 and, after qualifying as a torpedo officer, joined the directing staff there.^[2]

The cruiser HMS Juno which was equipped with wireless and commanded by Jackson

Promoted to commander on 1 January 1890,^[4] Jackson became commanding officer of the torpedo school training ship HMS Defiance at Wearde Quay near Saltash in January 1895: at the school he established an early reputation as a pioneer of ship-to-ship wireless technology.^[5] Promoted to captain on 30 June 1896,^[6] he became the first person to achieve ship-to-ship wireless communications and demonstrated continuous communication with another vessel up to three miles away.^[5] He became naval attaché in Paris in 1897 and went on to be commanding officer of the cruiser HMS Juno (equipped with wireless) in July 1899 and commanding officer of the torpedo depot ship HMS Vulcan (also equipped with wireless) in the Mediterranean Fleet in December 1899.^[2] He worked with Marconi to develop a fleet wireless system and this achievement was recognised with his election as a Fellow of the Royal Society in 1901.^[2] He went on to be Assistant Director of Naval Ordnance at the Admiralty in February 1902,^[7] Commanding Officer of the battleship HMS Duncan in October 1903 and Captain of the torpedo school HMS Vernon in September 1904.^[2]

Jackson went on to be Third Sea Lord and Controller of the Navy in February 1905 and, having been appointed a Naval Aide-de-Camp to the King on 12 September 1905,^[8] he was promoted to rear admiral on 18 October 1906.^[9] Appointed a Knight Commander of the Royal Victorian Order on 9 November 1906,^[10] he became Commander of the 6th Cruiser Squadron in the Mediterranean Fleet, hoisting his flag in the armoured cruiser HMS Bacchante, in October 1908.^[11] He was awarded the Grand Cross of the Spanish Order of Naval Merit on the occasion of the visit of his flagship to Valencia in May 1909.^[12]

Jackson was promoted to vice admiral on 15 March 1911^[13] on appointment as Director of the Royal Naval War College.^[11] He became Chief of the Admiralty War Staff in February 1913, and having been promoted to full admiral on 10 February 1914,^[14] he became advisor on overseas expeditions, planning attacks on Germany's colonial possessions at the start of World War I.^[11]

First Sea Lord

The Royal Naval College, Greenwich where Jackson served as President

Jackson was selected as the surprise successor to Admiral Lord Fisher upon the latter's spectacular resignation in May 1915 following the failure of the Gallipoli Campaign.^[11] He had a cordial working relationship with First Lord of the Admiralty (and former Prime Minister) Arthur Balfour but largely concerned himself with administrative matters and his prestige suffered when German destroyers appeared in the Channel.^[11] Consequently, Sir John Jellicoe was appointed to replace Jackson in December 1916.^[11] Jackson was appointed a Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath on 4 December 1916.^[15]

Later life

Jackson became President of the Royal Naval College, Greenwich in December 1916^[11] and was appointed First and Principal Naval Aide-de-Camp on 2 April 1917.^[16] He was also awarded the Grand Cordon of the Japanese Order of the Rising Sun on 2 November 1917.^[17] He was promoted to Admiral of the Fleet on 31 July 1919^[18] and retired from the Royal Naval College in August 1919.^[19] He was appointed the first Chairman of the Radio Research Board of the Department of Scientific and Industrial Research in 1920^[19] and also won the Hughes Medal from the Royal Society "for his pioneer work in the scientific investigations of radiotelegraphy and its application to navigation" in 1926.^[20] In the 1920s, Jackson assisted Winston Churchill by checking some of the facts in his books on the Great War, The World Crisis.^[21]

He died at his home at Hayling Island in Hampshire on 14 December 1929.^[19]

Family

In 1890 Jackson married Alice Burbury, daughter of Samuel Hawksley Burbury FRS; they had no children.^[2]

References

↑ The Times. 16 December 1929. p. 16.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Heathcote, p. 126
↑ The London Gazette: no. 24517. p. 5920. 30 October 1877. Retrieved 1 December 2012.
↑ The London Gazette: no. 26007. p. 7553. 31 December 1889. Retrieved 1 December 2012.
1 2 "Captain Henry Jackson's Radio Experiments". Saltash & District Amateur Radio Club. Retrieved 1 December 2012.
↑ The London Gazette: no. 26757. p. 3978. 10 July 1896. Retrieved 1 December 2012.
↑ "Naval & Military intelligence". The Times (36666). London. 16 January 1902. p. 7.
↑ The London Gazette: no. 27839. p. 6472. 26 September 1905. Retrieved 1 December 2012.
↑ The London Gazette: no. 27960. p. 7111. 23 October 1906. Retrieved 1 December 2012.
↑ The London Gazette: no. 27965. p. 7552. 9 November 1906. Retrieved 1 December 2012.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Heathcote, p. 127
↑ The London Gazette: no. 28338. p. 1027. 11 February 1910. Retrieved 1 December 2012.
↑ The London Gazette: no. 28476. p. 2233. 17 March 1911. Retrieved 1 December 2012.
↑ The London Gazette: no. 28801. p. 1176. 13 February 1914. Retrieved 1 December 2012.
↑ The London Gazette: no. 29848. p. 11839. 5 December 1916. Retrieved 1 December 2012.
↑ The London Gazette: no. 30008. p. 3206. 3 April 1917. Retrieved 1 December 2012.
↑ The London Gazette: (Supplement) no. 30363. p. 11322. 30 October 1917. Retrieved 1 December 2012.
↑ The London Gazette: no. 31489. p. 9961. 5 August 1919. Retrieved 1 December 2012.
1 2 3 Heathcote, p. 128
↑ Science. HighWire Press. 1926. p. 552.
↑ Manchester, William (1983). The Last Lion, Winston Spencer Churchill: Volume 1 (Visions of Glory 1874–1932) (1 ed.). London: Michael Joseph. p. 767. ISBN 0-7181-2275-5.

Sources

Heathcote, Tony (2002). The British Admirals of the Fleet 1734 – 1995. Pen & Sword Ltd. ISBN 0-85052-835-6.

External links

The Dreadnought Project: Henry Jackson
"JACKSON, Admiral of the Fleet Sir Henry Bradwardine". Who Was Who. A & C Black, an imprint of Bloomsbury Publishing plc, 1920–2008; online edn, Oxford University Press. December 2007. Retrieved 2 December 2012. (subscription required)

Military offices
Preceded by Sir William May	Third Sea Lord and Controller of the Navy 1905–1908	Succeeded by Lord Jellicoe
Preceded by Lord Fisher	First Sea Lord 1915–1916	Succeeded by Lord Jellicoe
Preceded by Sir Lewis Bayly	President, Royal Naval College, Greenwich 1916–1919	Succeeded by Sir William Pakenham
Honorary titles
Preceded by Sir George Callaghan	First and Principal Naval Aide-de-Camp 1917–1919	Succeeded by Sir Stanley Colville

First Sea Lords of the Royal Navy

First Naval Lords (1828–1904)	Sir George Cockburn Sir Thomas Hardy The Hon. George Dundas Charles Adam Sir George Cockburn Sir Charles Adam Sir George Cockburn Sir William Parker Sir Charles Adam Sir James Dundas The Hon. Maurice Berkeley Hyde Parker The Hon. Maurice Berkeley The Hon. Sir Richard Dundas William Martin The Hon. Sir Richard Dundas The Hon. Sir Frederick Grey Sir Alexander Milne Sir Sydney Dacres Sir Alexander Milne Sir Hastings Yelverton Sir George Wellesley Sir Astley Key Sir Arthur Hood Lord John Hay Sir Arthur Hood Sir Richard Hamilton Sir Anthony Hoskins Sir Frederick Richards Lord Walter Kerr

First Sea Lords (1904–present)	Sir John Fisher Sir Arthur Wilson Sir Francis Bridgeman Prince Louis of Battenberg The Lord Fisher Sir Henry Jackson Sir John Jellicoe Sir Rosslyn Wemyss The Earl Beatty Sir Charles Madden, Bt Sir Frederick Field The Lord Chatfield Sir Roger Backhouse Sir Dudley Pound The Lord Cunningham of Hyndhope Sir John Cunningham The Lord Fraser of North Cape Sir Rhoderick McGrigor The Earl Mountbatten of Burma Sir Charles Lambe Sir Caspar John Sir David Luce Sir Varyl Begg Sir Michael Le Fanu Sir Peter Hill-Norton Sir Michael Pollock Sir Edward Ashmore Sir Terence Lewin Sir Henry Leach Sir John Fieldhouse Sir William Staveley Sir Julian Oswald Sir Benjamin Bathurst Sir Jock Slater Sir Michael Boyce Sir Nigel Essenhigh Sir Alan West Sir Jonathon Band Sir Mark Stanhope Sir George Zambellas Sir Philip Jones

Authority control	WorldCat Identities VIAF: 88453544 LCCN: nb2009013052 GND: 1037771516 BNF: cb16645404j (data)

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