Holo-(acyl-carrier-protein) synthase

This enzyme belongs to the family of transferases, specifically those transferring non-standard substituted phosphate groups. The systematic name of this enzyme class is CoA-[4'-phosphopantetheine]:apo-[acyl-carrier-protein] 4'-pantetheinephosphotransferase. Other names in common use include acyl carrier protein holoprotein (holo-ACP) synthetase, holo-ACP synthetase, coenzyme A:fatty acid synthetase apoenzyme 4'-phosphopantetheine, transferase, holosynthase, acyl carrier protein synthetase, holo-ACP synthase, PPTase, AcpS, ACPS, acyl carrier protein synthase, P-pant transferase, and CoA:apo-[acyl-carrier-protein] pantetheinephosphotransferase. This enzyme participates in pantothenate and coa biosynthesis.

Structural studies

As of late 2007, 8 structures have been solved for this class of enzymes, with PDB accession codes 1F7L, 1F7T, 1F80, 1FTE, 1FTF, 1FTH, 2JBZ, and 2JCA.

References

Elovson J, Vagelos PR (1968). "Acyl carrier protein. X. Acyl carrier protein synthetase". J. Biol. Chem. 243 (13): 3603–11. PMID 4872726.
Prescott DJ, Vagelos PR (1972). "Acyl carrier protein". Adv. Enzymol. Relat. Areas Mol. Biol. 36: 269–311. doi:10.1002/9780470122815.ch8. PMID 4561013.
Reid R, Khosla C, Walsh CT (1996). "A new enzyme superfamily - the phosphopantetheinyl transferases". Chem. Biol. 3 (11): 923–36. doi:10.1016/S1074-5521(96)90181-7. PMID 8939709.
Walsh CT, Gehring AM, Weinreb PH, Quadri LE, Flugel RS (1997). "Post-translational modification of polyketide and nonribosomal peptide synthases". Curr. Opin. Chem. Biol. 1 (3): 309–15. doi:10.1016/S1367-5931(97)80067-1. PMID 9667867.
Mootz HD, Finking R, Marahiel MA (2001). "4'-phosphopantetheine transfer in primary and secondary metabolism of Bacillus subtilis". J. Biol. Chem. 276 (40): 37289–98. doi:10.1074/jbc.M103556200. PMID 11489886.
Joshi AK, Zhang L, Rangan VS, Smith S (2003). "Cloning, expression, and characterization of a human 4'-phosphopantetheinyl transferase with broad substrate specificity". J. Biol. Chem. 278 (35): 33142–9. doi:10.1074/jbc.M305459200. PMID 12815048.

Transferases: phosphorus-containing groups (EC 2.7)

2.7.1-2.7.4:
phosphotransferase/kinase
(PO₄)

2.7.1: OH acceptor	Hexo- Gluco- Fructo- Hepatic Galacto- Phosphofructo- 1 Liver Muscle Platelet 2 Riboflavin Shikimate Thymidine ADP-thymidine NAD⁺ Glycerol Pantothenate Mevalonate Pyruvate Deoxycytidine PFP Diacylglycerol Phosphoinositide 3 Class I PI 3 Class II PI 3 Sphingosine Glucose-1,6-bisphosphate synthase

2.7.2: COOH acceptor	Phosphoglycerate Aspartate kinase

2.7.3: N acceptor	Creatine

2.7.4: PO₄ acceptor	Phosphomevalonate Adenylate Nucleoside-diphosphate Uridylate Guanylate Thiamine-diphosphate

2.7.6: diphosphotransferase
(P₂O₇)

2.7.7: nucleotidyltransferase
(PO₄-nucleoside)

Polymerase

DNA polymerase	DNA-directed DNA polymerase I II III IV V RNA-directed DNA polymerase Reverse transcriptase Telomerase DNA nucleotidylexotransferase/Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase

RNA nucleotidyltransferase	RNA polymerase/DNA-directed RNA polymerase RNA polymerase I RNA polymerase II RNA polymerase III RNA polymerase IV Primase RNA-dependent RNA polymerase PNPase

Phosphorolytic
3' to 5' exoribonuclease

Nucleotidyltransferase

Guanylyltransferase

mRNA capping enzyme

Other

2.7.8: miscellaneous

Phosphatidyltransferases	CDP-diacylglycerol—glycerol-3-phosphate 3-phosphatidyltransferase CDP-diacylglycerol—serine O-phosphatidyltransferase CDP-diacylglycerol—inositol 3-phosphatidyltransferase CDP-diacylglycerol—choline O-phosphatidyltransferase

Glycosyl-1-phosphotransferase	N-acetylglucosamine-1-phosphate transferase

2.7.10-2.7.13: protein kinase
(PO₄; protein acceptor)

2.7.10: protein-tyrosine	see tyrosine kinases

2.7.11: protein-serine/threonine	see serine/threonine-specific protein kinases

2.7.12: protein-dual-specificity	see serine/threonine-specific protein kinases

2.7.13: protein-histidine	Protein-histidine pros-kinase Protein-histidine tele-kinase Histidine kinase

Enzymes

Activity	Active site Binding site Catalytic triad Oxyanion hole Enzyme promiscuity Catalytically perfect enzyme Coenzyme Cofactor Enzyme catalysis Enzyme kinetics Lineweaver–Burk plot Michaelis–Menten kinetics

Regulation	Allosteric regulation Cooperativity Enzyme inhibitor

Classification	EC number Enzyme superfamily Enzyme family List of enzymes

Types	EC1 Oxidoreductases (list) EC2 Transferases (list) EC3 Hydrolases (list) EC4 Lyases (list) EC5 Isomerases (list) EC6 Ligases (list)

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