Hu Washizu principle

In continuum mechanics, and in particular in finite element analysis, the Hu-Washizu principle is a variational principle which says that the action

${\displaystyle \int _{V^{e}}\left[{\frac {1}{2}}\epsilon ^{T}C\epsilon -\sigma ^{T}\epsilon +\sigma ^{T}(\nabla u)-{\bar {p}}^{T}u\right]dV-\int _{S_{\sigma }^{e}}{\bar {T}}^{T}u\ dS}$

is stationary, where $C$ is the elastic stiffness tensor. The Hu-Washizu principle is used to develop mixed finite element methods.^[1] The principle is named after Hu Haichang and K. Washizu.

References

1. Jihuan, He (June 1997). "Equivalent theorem of Hellinger-Reissner and Hu-Washizu variational principles". Journal of Shanghai University. Shanghai University Press. 1 (1). ISSN 1007-6417. Retrieved 2009-09-22.

Further reading

• K. Washizu: Variational Methods in Elasticity & Plasticity, Pergamon Press, New York, 3rd edition (1982)
• O. C. Zienkiewicz, R. L. Taylor, J. Z. Zhu : The Finite Element Method: Its Basis and Fundamentals, Butterworth-Heinemann, (2005).