1980 Atlantic hurricane season

1980 Atlantic hurricane season
Season summary map
First system formed July 17, 1980
Last system dissipated November 28, 1980
Strongest storm1 Allen – 899 mbar (hPa) (26.55 inHg), 190 mph (305 km/h) (1-minute sustained)
Total depressions 15
Total storms 11
Hurricanes 9
Major hurricanes (Cat. 3+) 2
Total fatalities 337
Total damage $1.5 billion (1980 USD)
1Strongest storm is determined by lowest pressure
Atlantic hurricane seasons
1978, 1979, 1980, 1981, 1982
Related article

The 1980 Atlantic hurricane season was tied with 1932, 1969, and 1994 for most named storms in Atlantic Ocean during the month of November – only to be surpassed in 2001 and 2005. The season officially began on June 1, 1980, and lasted until November 30, 1980. These dates conventionally delimit the period of each year when most tropical cyclones form in the Atlantic Ocean.

The season was fairly active, with fifteen tropical cyclones forming. It was the first time since the 1971 season that there were no active tropical cyclones in the Atlantic basin during the month of June. The season was neutral, having neither an El Niño nor a La Niña. Three tropical cyclones during in the Atlantic Ocean in 1980 were notable. Hurricane Allen was then the earliest Category 5 hurricane on record and also devastated portions of the Caribbean Sea, Mexico, and the United States. Tropical Storm Hermine caused significant flooding in Mexico, which resulted in at least 38 fatalities. Hurricane Jeanne was one of only four tropical cyclones at hurricane intensity to enter the Gulf of Mexico and not make landfall.

Season summary

Hurricanes Earl, Frances, and Georges on September 8, 1980; the remnants of Tropical Storm Danielle are also visible over Texas

The Atlantic hurricane season officially began on June 1,[1] though the first tropical depression did not develop until July 17. During the season, 15 tropical depressions formed. Eight of the depressions attained tropical storm status, and eight of these attained hurricane status. Two of the hurricanes further strengthened to become major hurricanes.[2] Only Allen made landfall at hurricane strength during the season, although Hurricane Charley[3] and tropical storms Danielle and Hermine also caused damage and fatalities.[4][5] Those three cyclones collectively caused 337 deaths and $1.5 billion (1980 USD) in damage.[3][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12] The last storm of the season, Hurricane Karl, dissipated on November 27,[4] only three days before the official end date of November 30.[13]

The 1980 Atlantic hurricane season had a rather slow beginning, with only one tropical depression developing prior to the month of August.[2] In contrast, August was an active month, with five tropical cyclones forming,[2] three of which became hurricanes.[4] During that month, Hurricane Allen became the earliest known Category 5 hurricane on August 5, a record later broken by only Hurricane Emily on July 16, 2005.[14] September also had five tropical cyclones, all of which became named storms. Tropical cyclogenesis abruptly halted in October, with only Hurricane Ivan developing in that month. However, the month of November was considered to be very active, with three storms forming during that month. Two of the systems became named storms,[4] a record that was tied with 1932, 1969, and 1994, but later surpassed when three tropical storms existed in the Atlantic in November 2001 and November 2005.[2]

The season's activity was reflected with an accumulated cyclone energy (ACE) rating of 149,[15] which is classified as "above normal".[16] ACE is, broadly speaking, a measure of the power of the hurricane multiplied by the length of time it existed, so storms that last a long time, as well as particularly strong hurricanes, have high ACEs. ACE is only calculated for full advisories on tropical systems at or exceeding 34 knots (39 mph, 63 km/h) or tropical storm strength. Although officially, subtropical cyclones are excluded from the total,[17] the figure above includes periods when storms were in a subtropical phase.

Storms

Hurricane Karl (1980) Hurricane Jeanne (1980) Tropical Storm Danielle (1980) Hurricane Allen Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Scale

Tropical Depression One

Tropical depression (SSHWS)
Duration July 17 – July 21
Peak intensity 35 mph (55 km/h) (1-min)  1010 mbar (hPa)

A decaying cold front entered into Gulf of Mexico, and developed a low-pressure area of July 17. Later that day, the low-pressure area developed into Tropical Depression One almost halfway between Louisiana and the Yucatan Peninsula. The depression moved northwestward, and minimal intensification occurred, as it approached the Gulf Coast of the United States. The depression made landfall in Texas near the Galveston area, and dissipated by July 21. Minimal impact was recorded from the depression, and light rainfall was reported in Texas and western Louisiana, peaking at 3.77 in (96 mm) in Refugio, Texas.[18]

 

Hurricane Allen

Category 5 hurricane (SSHWS)
Duration August 1 – August 11
Peak intensity 190 mph (305 km/h) (1-min)  899 mbar (hPa)
Main article: Hurricane Allen

A tropical wave emerged off the west coast of Africa on July 30 and quickly developed into Tropical Depression Two about two days later. By August 2, the depression had strengthened and was upgraded to Tropical Storm Allen. The storm steadily intensified and became a hurricane on August 3. Thereafter, Allen rapidly deepened, and was a major hurricane only 24 hours later. While it was becoming a Category 3 hurricane, and a Category 4 hurricane, shortly after, Allen passed through the Windward Islands. Upon entering the Caribbean Sea, Allen continued to strengthen and became a Category 5 hurricane on August 5, while about halfway between Puerto Rico and Venezuela. Allen briefly curved northwestward and approached the Tiburon Peninsula of Haiti. Shortly thereafter, Allen weakened significantly on August 6, but was still a Category 4 when it bypassed Jamaica. While paralleling the south coast of Cuba, Allen re-strengthened into a Category 5 hurricane. Later that day, the storm attained its peak intensity with winds of 190 mph (305 km/h) and a minimum barometric pressure of 899 mbar (26.5 inHg). Immediately following peak intensity, Allen entered the Gulf of Mexico and weakened back to a Category 4 hurricane on August 8. On the day next, Allen re-intensified into a Category 5 hurricane while approaching Texas.[19] However, just offshore Allen abruptly weakened to a low-end Category 3 hurricane prior to landfall near Brownsville, Texas on August 10. The storm quickly weakened inland and dissipated about 36 hours after striking land.[4]

Although 500 houses were either damaged or destroyed on Barbados, losses totaled to only $1.5 million (1980 USD).[6] Having passed only 8 miles (13 km) south of St. Lucia,[19] Allen produced sustained winds as high as 104 mph (167 km/h) on the island. The storm caused 27 fatalities and $88 million (1980 USD) in damage on that island. In addition, one death was reported in Guadeloupe.[6] High winds and flooding in Haiti left 836,200 people homeless. In addition, 220 deaths were reported and damage exceeded $400 million (1980 USD). To the east in Dominican Republic, effects were less severe, though seven deaths were reported and damage was estimated at $47 million (1980 USD). On the island of Cuba, three fatalities occurred and losses were unknown. In northeastern Mexico, heavy rainfall occurred, though damage was minimal and no fatalities were reported. Damage was most significant in the United States, especially in the state of Texas. In Corpus Christi, gravel blew off the roofs, which broke windows throughout the city. Several tornadoes were spawned in Texas, one of which caused $100 million (1980 USD) in damage in Austin.[7] Rainfall in the state of Texas exceeded 20 inches (510 mm) in some locations.[20] 24 fatalities occurred in the United States – seven in Texas and seventeen in Louisiana – most resulting from the crash of a helicopter evacuating workers from an offshore platform. Damage in United States totaled to $860 million (1980 USD).[7][8] Overall, Hurricane Allen caused $1.5 billion (1980 USD) in losses and caused 290 deaths.[7][8]

Tropical Depression Four

Tropical depression (SSHWS)
Duration August 13 – August 17
Peak intensity 35 mph (55 km/h) (1-min)  1010 mbar (hPa)

The third tropical depression of the season developed east of Cape Verde on August 13.[2] However, the National Hurricane Center did not initiate advisories until August 16. As a result, the system was classified as Tropical Depression Four.[21] After forming on August 13, the depression crossed through the Cape Verde Islands. The depression tracked northwestward and strengthened minimally, with winds never exceeding 35 mph (55 km/h). Thereafter, the depression curved and approached the eastern portion of the Azores. Tropical Depression Four moved through the islands shortly later. By early on August 17, the depression dissipated near Santa Maria Island in the Azores.[2]

Hurricane Bonnie

Category 2 hurricane (SSHWS)
Duration August 14 – August 19
Peak intensity 100 mph (155 km/h) (1-min)  975 mbar (hPa)

Starting on August 13, a tropical wave in the vicinity of the Cape Verde began organizing into a tropical cyclone. Early on the following day, the system had developed into Tropical Depression Four while nearly halfway between the west coast of Africa and the Windward Islands.[22] However, in post-analysis, it was revealed that the previous tropical depression had actually developed before Bonnie. Thus, those two depressions were operationally numbered incorrectly.[2] Two reports of gale force winds were received from ships later that day. As a result, the depression was re-classified as Tropical Storm Bonnie about twelve hours after developing. Bonnie turned in a general northward direction, possibly due to interaction with nearby Tropical Depression Three.[22]

Based on satellite estimates, Bonnie was upgraded to a hurricane at 0000 UTC on August 16.[22] The storm strengthened slightly further and attained its peak intensity with winds of 100 mph (155 km/h) and a minimum pressure of 975 mbar (28.8 inHg).[2] After attaining peak intensity on August 16, Bonnie slowly weakened as it continued in an unusual northward direction. On the following day, Bonnie weakened slightly to a minimal Category 1 hurricane.[23] The storm remained at that intensity for 72 hours as it accelerated northward across the open Atlantic. By 1800 UTC on August 19, Bonnie transitioned into an extratropical cyclone while almost halfway between the southern tip of Greenland and the Azores.[2]

Hurricane Charley

Category 1 hurricane (SSHWS)
Duration August 20 – August 25
Peak intensity 80 mph (130 km/h) (1-min)  989 mbar (hPa)

An extratropical low pressure system was centered over the Mid-Atlantic United States, though it tracked southeastward and emerged into the Atlantic on August 20. Later that day, satellite imagery indicated that a well-defined low-level circulation. As a result, it was determine that the system developed into a subtropical depression at 1200 UTC, while located about 150 miles (240 km) east-northeast of Hatteras, North Carolina. Initially, the depression tracked east-southeastward, though it curved east-northeastward by August 21. Shortly thereafter, the depression strengthened into a subtropical storm. By early on August 23, the storm had intensified and acquired enough tropical characteristics to be re-classified as Hurricane Charley.[24]

At 1200 UTC on August 23, Charley attained its peak intensity with winds of 80 mph (130 km/h) and a minimum pressure of 989 mbar (29.2 inHg). Following peak intensity, Charley completed a cyclonic loop and began weakening as it headed almost due-east. Charley was downgraded to a tropical storm early on August 24. The storm continued eastward and by August 26, Charley became unidentifiable as it merged with an intense extratropical cyclone, while located about 790 miles (1,270 km) southeast of Cape Race, Newfoundland.[24] While a tropical cyclone, Charley produced rip currents along the Outer Banks of North Carolina, which drowned seven people.[3]

Tropical Depression Six

Tropical depression (SSHWS)
Duration August 25 – August 29
Peak intensity 35 mph (55 km/h) (1-min)  1009 mbar (hPa)

A tropical wave exited the west coast of Africa and emerged into the Atlantic Ocean on August 22. The system developed into Tropical Depression Six, while centered to the west of Cape Verde at 0000 UTC on August 25.[2][25] The depression tracked westward with minimal intensification. By 1800 UTC on August 26, the depression reached 35 mph (55 km/h) and did not strengthen further. On the following day, the depression curved northwestward and slowly began to weaken. The depression degenerated into a tropical wave while well northeast of Puerto Rico on August 29.[2] The remnants of Tropical Depression Six continued westward and interacted with a low-pressure system over Florida. Eventually, the system developed into Tropical Depression Eight on September 4, which later became Tropical Storm Danielle.[25]

Hurricane Georges

Category 1 hurricane (SSHWS)
Duration September 1 – September 8
Peak intensity 80 mph (130 km/h) (1-min)  993 mbar (hPa)

On August 28, a tropical wave emerged into the Atlantic off the west coast of Africa. At 0000 UTC on September 1, the system developed into Tropical Depression Seven, while centered roughly midway between the Lesser Antilles and the west coast of Africa.[26] Sixteen hours later, the National Hurricane Center initiated advisories on the depression.[27] The depression tracked westward in the trade winds during the following three days, without any intensification. After curving northwestward an Air Force reconnaissance flight found little evidence of a closed circulation, while satellite imagery also showed a disorganized and elongated cloud pattern on September 4.[26] As a result, it was determined that the depression degenerated into a tropical disturbance at 0600 UTC on that day.[28] However, the National Hurricane Center did not discontinue advisories until 2200 UTC.[29]

On September 5, satellite imagery suggested a surface circulation had developed, possibly due to interaction with a cold low. As a result, the system regenerated into a subtropical depression at 1200 UTC on that day, while centered about 360 miles (580 km) southwest of Bermuda.[26][28] Ten hours later, the National Hurricane Center resumed advisories on the subtropical depression.[30] While the subtropical depression was curved northeastward, it strengthened and acquired tropical characteristics. At 0000 UTC on September 7, the subtropical depression became Tropical Storm Georges.[31] The storm continued to intensify while tracking northeastward and was upgraded to a hurricane about 24 hours after becoming a tropical storm. Simultaneously, Georges attained its peak intensity with winds of 80 mph (130 km/h) and a minimum pressure of 993 mbar (29.3 inHg). However, later that day, Georges transitioned into an extratropical cyclone near Cape Race, Newfoundland.[31] While bypassing Newfoundland, Georges dropped light rainfall, with amounts under 1 inch (25 mm) of precipitation.[32]

Tropical Storm Danielle

Tropical storm (SSHWS)
Duration September 4 – September 7
Peak intensity 60 mph (95 km/h) (1-min)  1004 mbar (hPa)

A tropical wave emerged into the Atlantic Ocean from the west coast of Africa on August 22. The system developed into Tropical Depression Six on August 25. However, the depression did not strengthen further, and about four days later, it degenerated back into a tropical wave.[2][25] Tracking westward, the system crossed Florida and entered into the Gulf of Mexico on September 2. Two days later, the system developed into Tropical Depression Eight while offshore of Louisiana. The depression gradually strengthened and became Tropical Storm Danielle late on September 5. After peaking with winds of 60 mph (95 km/h), further intensification was halted, as Danielle soon made landfall in eastern Texas. Danielle steadily weakened inland and dissipated two days later.[25]

A barge in the Gulf of Mexico capsized due to rough seas, sending 11 of the crewmen overboard; one person drowned as a result.[12] Danielle produced widespread rainfall in Louisiana, though few areas reported more than 5 inches (130 mm) of precipitation.[33] Damage in that state was minimal.[34] Rainfall was heavier in Texas, peaking at 18.29 inches (465 mm).[33] Much of the damage caused by the storm was as a result of flooding. In Port Arthur, twelve homes were damaged, while Interstate 10 was inundated by flood waters. One fatality occurred in Texas due to an automobile accident in Beaumont.[34] Danielle also spawned five tornadoes in Texas, three of which collectively caused $277,500 in damage (1980 USD).[9][10][11][35][36] Outside of Texas and Louisiana, the storm also dropped light rainfall in Oklahoma and Mississippi, though minimal damage occurred in either state. Overall, Danielle caused two fatalities[12][34] and $277,500 (1980 USD) in losses.[9][10][11]

Hurricane Earl

Category 1 hurricane (SSHWS)
Duration September 4 – September 10
Peak intensity 75 mph (120 km/h) (1-min)  985 mbar (hPa)

Between September 2 and September 3, a tropical wave exited the west coast of Africa and entered the Atlantic Ocean. Satellite imagery indicated that the system had rapidly organized and was classified as a tropical depression on September 4. The depression quickly strengthened and by early on September 2, it was upgraded to Tropical Storm Earl. Because convection associated with the storm waxed and waned significantly, Earl was operationally considered a tropical depression until September 6. On the following day, Earl curved north-northwestward and accelerated due to an upper-level low pressure trough in the central Atlantic Ocean.[37]

After evidence of an eye feature appeared, Earl was upgraded to a hurricane on September 8. Six hours later, the storm attained its peak intensity with winds of 75 mph (120 km/h) and a minimum pressure of 985 mbar (29.1 inHg). Under the influence of an upper cold low, Earl began re-curving and accelerated to the northeast. By 1200 UTC on September 10, Earl weakened to a tropical storm. Six hours later, Earl transitioned into an extratropical cyclone, while centered about halfway between the Azores and Greenland.[37]

Hurricane Frances

Category 3 hurricane (SSHWS)
Duration September 6 – September 20
Peak intensity 115 mph (185 km/h) (1-min)  958 mbar (hPa)

A strong low pressure system moved off the African coast on September 5. By the following day, it developed into Tropical Depression Ten while a short distance off the west coast of Africa. About 18 hours later, the depression intensified into Tropical Storm Frances.[38] The National Hurricane Center did not issue advisories until 1600 UTC on September 7, at which time the system was already a tropical storm.[39] By early on September 8, Frances had reached hurricane status,[38] though it was not operationally upgraded until about 16 hours later.[40] After becoming a hurricane, Frances began to rapidly strengthen, and became a Category 2 hurricane later that day. Early on September 9, the storm further intensified to a Category 3 hurricane.[41] At 0600 UTC on that day, Frances attained its peak intensity with winds of 115 mph (185 km/h) and a minimum pressure of 958 mbar (28.3 inHg).[2]

After peak intensity, Frances began to weaken and was downgraded to a Category 2 hurricane later on September 9. Following day, the storm fluctuated between Category 2 and Category 1 hurricane strengthen. While curving northwestward on September 13, Frances remained steady in intensity as a Category 2 hurricane. Eventually, Frances re-curved northward, thereby avoiding any land. After minimal change in intensity, Frances weakened to a Category 1 hurricane while tracking northeastward on September 17. After briefly heading northward, the storm re-curved back to the northeast.[41] Early on September 20, Frances weakened to a tropical storm,[42] before merging with a frontal low while centered about halfway between Greenland and Iceland. Reports of strong tropical storm force winds were received from ships, but no damage was reported except for minor squalls in Cape Verde.[38]

Tropical Storm Hermine

Tropical storm (SSHWS)
Duration September 20 – September 26
Peak intensity 70 mph (110 km/h) (1-min)  993 mbar (hPa)

A tropical wave exited the west coast of Africa on September 11 and tracked westward with minimal development until reaching the Caribbean Sea. By September 20, a low-level circulation had developed and the system was then classified as Tropical Depression Eleven, while located almost midway between Panama and Jamaica. While heading almost due westward, the depression steadily intensified, becoming Tropical Storm Hermine on September 21, 18 hours after forming. Later on September 21, the storm passed only 5 miles (8.0 km) offshore of Honduras. Hermine curved west-northwestward and nearly strengthened into a hurricane before landfall in northern British Honduras (present-day Belize) on September 22. After crossing the Yucatan Peninsula, Hermine emerged into the Bay of Campeche on the following day.[43]

Once again, the storm intensified to near hurricane strength, though Hermine made landfall near Coatzacoalcos, Veracruz, Mexico on September 24. After moving inland, the storm steadily weakened while tracking south-southwestward toward the Pacific Ocean. However, by early on September 26, Hermine dissipated near the southwestern coast of Mexico.[43] In Mexico, many areas reported at least 10 inches (250 mm) of precipitation, while a few locations experienced more than 30 inches (760 mm) of rain.[44] As a result of torrential rainfall, at least 30 fatalities occurred, with dozens more missing,[5] and leaving 25,000 homeless.[45] Additionally, landslides triggered by Hermine in Guatemala killed at least eight people.[5]

Hurricane Ivan

Category 2 hurricane (SSHWS)
Duration October 4 – October 11
Peak intensity 105 mph (165 km/h) (1-min)  970 mbar (hPa)

In late September, a cold-core low persisted off the coast of Portugal, moving southwestward. The system gradually developed tropical characteristics as it turned northwestward and executed a loop near the Azores. Eventually, the system organized enough to be designated as a tropical depression on October 4, while just east of the Azores. Shortly thereafter, the depression intensified into Tropical Storm Ivan.[46] However, the National Hurricane Center did not initiate advisories on Ivan until late on October 5.[47] Ivan moved largely in tandem with the upper-level low above it, while its southwest movement was caused by a building ridge to its north.[46] Late on October 5, an eye developed,[48] and Ivan was upgraded to a hurricane on the following day.[46]

It de-accelerated as the ridge to its north weakened, and 18 hours after becoming a hurricane, Ivan peaked with winds of 105 mph (165 km/h).[46] Between October 6 and October 7, Ivan executed a tight loop, followed by a motion to the west-northwest. Ultimately, the intensity did not change for about 90 hours.[46] During that time, the eye fluctuated occasionally as the convection waxed and waned.[49] On October 9, Ivan turned to the north in advance of an approaching cold front and extratropical storm, while slowly weakening as it accelerated over cooler waters of the far northern Atlantic Ocean. By October 12, the cold front absorbed Ivan, which was about 665 miles (1,070 km) west of Ireland.[46]

Hurricane Jeanne

Category 2 hurricane (SSHWS)
Duration November 8 – November 16
Peak intensity 100 mph (155 km/h) (1-min)  986 mbar (hPa)

An area of disturbed weather organized into a tropical depression late on November 8. The depression slowly intensified as it tracked north-northwestward into the northwestern Caribbean Sea. Shortly before entering the Yucatan Channel, the depression had strengthened enough to be upgraded to Tropical Storm Jeanne on November 9. Further intensification was still gradual in the Gulf of Mexico, though the rate of deepening accelerated as the storm began to curve westward. By November 11, Jeanne was upgraded to a hurricane while paralleling the northern coast of the Yucatan Peninsula. Early on the following day, Jeanne peaked as a 100 mph (155 km/h) Category 2 hurricane. Thereafter, Jeanne began to weaken due to dry air and was downgraded to a tropical storm 24 hours after peak intensity. The storm briefly tracked west-northwestward and then westward, before becoming nearly stationary in the western Gulf of Mexico.[50]

Moving slowly and erratically, Jeanne weakened further and was downgraded to a tropical depression on November 15. The storm curved southward and completed a cyclonic loop, before being absorbed by a cold front on November 16.[51] Fringe effects of Hurricane Jeanne triggered a record-breaking 23.28 inches (591 mm) of rain at Key West, Florida within a 24-hour period.[52] As a result of heavy precipitation, schools were and numerous businesses were closed, flights at Key West International Airport were grounded, and power outages and disruptions in telephone service occurred in Key West.[53] In Texas, high tides caused flooding along much of the coast of the state, especially in Galveston. Offshore, several ships were caught off guard by the late season storm.[50]

Tropical Depression Fourteen

Tropical depression (SSHWS)
Duration November 12 – November 18
Peak intensity 35 mph (55 km/h) (1-min)  1007 mbar (hPa)

While Jeanne meandered through the Gulf of Mexico, Tropical Depression Fourteen developed north of Panama on November 12. Steered northward by deep southerly flow southeast of Jeanne, the depression oscillated in organization while tracking west-northwestward. The cloud pattern between Jeanne and the depression briefly merged, with a line of thunderstorms moving across the Florida peninsula between the two systems. Westerly vertical wind shear increased on the depression in the process. By November 15, the depression reorganized its convective organization while making landfall in western Cuba early on November 16. Once again, vertical wind shear increased, causing convection to detach from the center of the depression.[54]

Late on November 17, the depression was absorbed by an intense "winter type storm" that was moving across the Southeastern United States.[55] Shortly thereafter, the remnants of the depression crossed Central and North Florida.[2][54] While crossing Cuba, the depression dumped heavy rainfall. No other impact is known to have occurred on the island.[56] The depression impact from both while tropical and a remnant system. In Key West, sustained winds of 30 mph (45 km/h) and gusts to 40 mph (65 km/h) were reported.[57] Across much of Florida, light rainfall was reported, peaking at 4.81 inches (122 mm) in Brooksville.[54]

Hurricane Karl

Category 1 hurricane (SSHWS)
Duration November 25 – November 28
Peak intensity 85 mph (140 km/h) (1-min)  985 mbar (hPa)
Main article: Hurricane Karl (1980)

A low pressure area formed along a frontal boundary near the southeastern United States. The system slowly strengthened and developed into a separate vortex. Early on November 25, it became a subtropical storm while centered about 825 miles (1,328 km) southeast of Cape Race, Newfoundland. Shortly thereafter, the storm executing a tight counterclockwise loop as it rotated within the larger cyclone. About 18 hours later, the storm intensified and acquired enough tropical characteristics to be designated a hurricane. After being classified as a hurricane, Karl gradually strengthened while tracking eastward, eventually attaining its peak intensity with winds of 85 mph (140 km/h) and a minimum barometric pressure of 985 mbar (hPa; 29.09 inHg).[58]

Karl maintained winds of 85 mph (140 km/h) for approximately 18 hours and later weakened slightly while accelerating northeastward. On November 27, the eye of Karl became ragged while passing within 230 miles (370 km) of the Azores and started to show signs of deterioration. A trough over the North Atlantic developed into the dominant low pressure area, causing Karl to turn northward around its periphery. By November 27, Karl merged with another approaching system and was declared extratropical by November 28, while it was centered roughly halfway between Cape Race, Newfoundland and Spain.[58]

Storm names

The following names were used for named storms that formed in the north Atlantic in 1980.[59] The names not retired from this list were used again in the 1986 season.[60] It was the first use for all of these names since the post-1978 naming change, except for Frances, which had been used in 1961, 1968, and 1976.[2] Names that were not assigned are marked in gray. The World Meteorological Organization retired one name in the spring of 1981: Allen.[61] It was replaced by Andrew in 1986.[60]

  • Otto (unused)
  • Paula (unused)
  • Richard (unused)
  • Shary (unused)
  • Tomas (unused)
  • Virginie (unused)
  • Walter (unused)

Season effects

This is a table of all of the storms that formed in the 1980 Atlantic hurricane season. It includes their duration, names, landfall(s) – denoted by bold location names – damages, and death totals. Damage and deaths include totals while the storm was extratropical or a wave or low, and all of the damage figures are in 1980 USD.

1980 North Atlantic tropical cyclone statistics
Storm
name		 Dates active Storm category

at peak intensity

 Max 1-min
wind
mph (km/h)		 Min.
press.
(mbar)		 Areas affected Damage
(millions USD)		 Deaths
One July 17 – July 21 Tropical depression 30 (45) 1010 Texas, Louisiana none[4] 0[4]
Allen August 1 – August 11 Category 5 hurricane 190 (305) 899 Windward Islands, Hispaniola, Cuba, Cayman Islands, Mexico, Florida, Texas, Louisiana 1500[7][8] 290[6][7][8]
Four August 13 – August 17 Tropical depression 35 (55) 1010 none none[4] 0[4]
Bonnie August 14 – August 19 Category 2 hurricane 100 (155) 975 none none[4] 0[4]
Charley August 20 – August 25 Category 1 hurricane 80 (130) 989 North Carolina none[4] 7[3]
Six August 25 – August 29 Tropical depression 35 (55) 1009 none none[4] 0[4]
Georges September 1 – September 8 Category 1 hurricane 80 (130) 993 Newfoundland none[4] 0[4]
Danielle September 4 – September 7 Tropical storm 60 (95) 1004 Texas, Louisiana, Oklahoma, Mississippi .277[9][10][11] 2[12][34]
Earl September 4 – September 10 Category 1 hurricane 75 (120) 985 none none[4] 0[4]
Frances September 6 – September 20 Category 3 hurricane 115 (185) 958 Cape Verde none[4] 0[4]
Hermine September 20 – September 26 Tropical storm 70 (110) 993 Central America (Belize), Mexico unknown[4] 38[5]
Ivan October 4 – October 11 Category 2 hurricane 105 (165) 970 none none[4] 0[4]
Jeanne November 8 – November 16 Category 2 hurricane 100 (155) 986 Florida, Gulf of Mexico, Gulf Coast of the United States none[4] 0[4]
Fourteen November 12 – November 18 Tropical depression 35 (55) 1007 Cuba, Florida unknown[4] 0[4]
Karl November 25 – November 28 Category 1 hurricane 85 (140) 985 none none[4] 0[4]
Season Aggregates
18 cyclones July 17 – November 28   190 (305) 899 1,500 337

See also

References

  1. ↑ Staff Writer (May 30, 1980). "Hurricane season opening Sunday". The Bonham Daily Favorite. United Press International. Retrieved February 27, 2012.
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 David M. Roth (2011). "CLIQR database". Hydrometeorological Prediction Center. Retrieved February 5, 2011.
  3. 1 2 3 4 Staff Writer (September 6, 1980). "Depression Poses Little Threat To Outer Banks". Times-News. Associated Press. Retrieved February 29, 2012.
  4. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 Lawrence, Miles B; Pelissier, Joseph M (1981). "Atlantic Hurricane Season of 1980" (PDF). Monthly Weather Review. American Meteorological Society. 109 (7): 1567. Bibcode:1981MWRv..109.1567L. doi:10.1175/1520-0493(1981)109<1567:AHSO>2.0.CO;2. ISSN 1520-0493. Archived from the original on April 10, 2002. Retrieved July 23, 2012.
  5. 1 2 3 4 5 "Hermine leaves 30 dead in Mexico". Montreal Gazette. United Press International. September 29, 1980. p. 39. Retrieved February 28, 2012.
  6. 1 2 3 4 "Hurricane Allen Preliminary Report". National Hurricane Center. 1980. p. 5. Retrieved February 27, 2012.
  7. 1 2 3 4 5 6 "Hurricane Allen Preliminary Report". National Hurricane Center. 1980. p. 6. Retrieved February 27, 2012.
  8. 1 2 3 4 5 "International Disaster Database: Disaster List". Centre for Research on the Epidemiology of Disasters. 2016. Retrieved March 2, 2012.
  9. 1 2 3 4 "Event Record Details: Tornado". National Climatic Data Center. Retrieved 2012-03-01.
  10. 1 2 3 4 "Event Record Details: Tornado". National Climatic Data Center. Retrieved 2012-03-01.
  11. 1 2 3 4 "Event Record Details: Tornado". National Climatic Data Center. Retrieved 2012-03-01.
  12. 1 2 3 4 Staff Writer (1980). "Tropical Storm Danielle strikes Texas". Indiana Gazette. Associated Press.
  13. ↑ Staff Writer (December 2, 1980). "Weather – Local, National, International". Sarasota Herald-Tribune. Retrieved February 27, 2012.
  14. ↑ James L. Franklin & Daniel P. Brown (March 10, 2006). "Hurricane Emily Tropical Cyclone Report" (PDF). National Hurricane Center. Retrieved March 2, 2012.
  15. ↑ Hurricane Research Division (March 2011). "Atlantic basin Comparison of Original and Revised HURDAT". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved July 23, 2011.
  16. ↑ National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (May 27, 2010). "Background information: the North Atlantic Hurricane Season". Climate Prediction Center. Archived from the original on May 10, 2011. Retrieved March 30, 2011.
  17. ↑ David Levinson (August 20, 2008). "2005 Atlantic Ocean Tropical Cyclones". National Climatic Data Center. Retrieved July 23, 2011.
  18. ↑ David M. Roth (November 13, 2008). "Tropical Depression One – July 19–21, 1980". Hydrometeorological Prediction Center. Retrieved April 3, 2011.
  19. 1 2 "Hurricane Allen Preliminary Report". National Hurricane Center. 1980. p. 2. Retrieved February 27, 2012.
  20. ↑ David M. Roth (January 27, 2007). "Hurricane Allen — August 1–14, 1980". Hydrometeorological Prediction Center. Retrieved March 2, 2012.
  21. ↑ John R. Hope (August 16, 1980). "Tropical Depression Advisory". National Hurricane Center. Retrieved February 27, 2012.
  22. 1 2 3 Joseph Pelissier (1980). "Hurricane Bonnie Preliminary Report". National Hurricane Center. p. 1. Retrieved February 28, 2012.
  23. ↑ Joseph Pelissier (1980). "Hurricane Bonnie Preliminary Report". National Hurricane Center. p. 2. Retrieved February 28, 2012.
  24. 1 2 "Hurricane Charley Preliminary Report". National Hurricane Center. 1980. p. 1. Retrieved February 29, 2012.
  25. 1 2 3 4 "Tropical Storm Danielle Preliminary Report". National Hurricane Center. 1980. p. 1. Retrieved March 1, 2012.
  26. 1 2 3 Joseph M. Pelissier (1980). "Hurricane Georges Preliminary Report". National Hurricane Center. p. 1. Retrieved March 2, 2012.
  27. ↑ Paul J. Hebert (September 1, 1980). "Tropical Depression Advisory". National Hurricane Center. Retrieved March 2, 2012.
  28. 1 2 Joseph M. Pelissier (1980). "Hurricane Georges Preliminary Report". National Hurricane Center. p. 3. Retrieved March 2, 2012.
  29. ↑ Joseph M. Pelissier (September 4, 1980). "Tropical Depression Advisory". National Hurricane Center. Retrieved March 2, 2012.
  30. ↑ Paul J. Hebert (September 5, 1980). "Tropical Depression Advisory". National Hurricane Center. Retrieved March 2, 2012.
  31. 1 2 Joseph M. Pelissier (1980). "Hurricane Georges Preliminary Report". National Hurricane Center. p. 2. Retrieved March 2, 2012.
  32. ↑ "1980-Georges". Environment Canada. September 14, 2010. Retrieved March 2, 2012.
  33. 1 2 David M. Roth (May 16, 2007). "Tropical Storm Danielle — September 4–11, 1980". Hydrometeorological Prediction Center. Retrieved March 1, 2012.
  34. 1 2 3 4 "Tropical Storm Danielle Preliminary Report". National Hurricane Center. 1980. Retrieved February 29, 2012.
  35. ↑ "Event Record Details: Tornado". National Climatic Data Center. Retrieved 2012-03-01.
  36. ↑ "Event Record Details: Tornado". National Climatic Data Center. Retrieved 2012-03-01.
  37. 1 2 Paul Hebert (October 3, 1980). "Hurricane Earl Preliminary Report". National Hurricane Center. p. 1. Retrieved February 28, 2012.
  38. 1 2 3 Gilbert B. Clark (1980). "Hurricane Frances Preliminary Report". National Hurricane Center. p. 1. Retrieved March 1, 2012.
  39. ↑ Joseph M. Pelissier (September 7, 1980). "Tropical Storm Frances Advisory Number 1". National Hurricane Center. Retrieved March 1, 2012.
  40. ↑ Paul J. Hebert (September 7, 1980). "Hurricane Frances Advisory Number 5". National Hurricane Center. Retrieved March 1, 2012.
  41. 1 2 Gilbert B. Clark (1980). "Hurricane Frances Preliminary Report". National Hurricane Center. p. 2. Retrieved March 1, 2012.
  42. ↑ Gilbert B. Clark (1980). "Hurricane Frances Preliminary Report". National Hurricane Center. p. 3. Retrieved March 1, 2012.
  43. 1 2 Miles B. Lawrence (1981). "Tropical Storm Hermine Preliminary Report". National Hurricane Center. p. 1. Retrieved February 28, 2012.
  44. ↑ David M. Roth (May 24, 2008). "Tropical Storm Hermine – September 22–29, 1980". Hydrometeorological Prediction Center. Retrieved February 28, 2012.
  45. ↑ Post Wire Services (September 28, 1980). "Hermine Kills 19 In Mexico". The Palm Beach Post. p. A19. Retrieved February 28, 2012.
  46. 1 2 3 4 5 6 "Hurricane Ivan Preliminary Report". National Hurricane Center. 1980. p. 1. Retrieved July 27, 2011.
  47. ↑ John R. Hope (October 5, 1980). "Tropical Storm Ivan Discussion". National Hurricane Center. Retrieved February 28, 2012.
  48. ↑ Gilbert R. Clark (October 5, 1980). "Tropical Storm Ivan Discussion". National Hurricane Center. Retrieved July 27, 2011.
  49. ↑ Joseph M. Pelissier (October 8, 1980). "Hurricane Ivan Discussion". National Hurricane Center. Retrieved February 28, 2012.
  50. 1 2 Joseph M. Pelissier (1980). "Hurricane Jeanne Preliminary Report". p. 1. Retrieved March 2, 2012.
  51. ↑ Joseph M. Pelissier (1980). "Hurricane Jeanne Preliminary Report". p. 2. Retrieved March 2, 2012.
  52. ↑ David M. Roth (June 15, 2007). "Hurricane Jeanne — November 8–12, 1980". Hydrometeorological Prediction Center. Retrieved March 2, 2012.
  53. ↑ Staff Writer (1980). "23" of rain for Key West". Syracuse Herald Journal.
  54. 1 2 3 David M. Roth (May 19, 2008). "Tropical Depression Fourteen – November 14–18, 1980". Hydrometeorological Prediction Center. Retrieved February 28, 2012.
  55. ↑ Miles B. Lawrence (November 17, 1980). "Tropical Depression Advisory". National Hurricane Center. Retrieved February 28, 2012.
  56. ↑ Staff Writer (November 17, 1980). "Tropical depression over Cuba". The Ledger. Retrieved February 28, 2012.
  57. ↑ Staff Writer (November 17, 1980). "Road Icy, 2 Die In Bus Crash". Portsmouth Daily Times. Associated Press. Retrieved February 28, 2012.
  58. 1 2 Miles B. Lawrence (November 24, 1980). "Hurricane Karl Preliminary Report". National Hurricane Center. p. 1. Retrieved February 28, 2012.
  59. ↑ "Hurricanes To Use Men's Names". The Daytona Beach News-Journal. Associated Press. May 29, 1980. Retrieved March 2, 2012.
  60. 1 2 Randolph Schmid (May 26, 1986). "Hurricane Names Aren T What They Used To Be". The Dispatch. Associated Pressure. Retrieved March 2, 2012.
  61. ↑ "Tropical Cyclone Naming History and Retired Names". National Hurricane Center. 2011. Retrieved March 2, 2012.

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