List of Major League Baseball pitchers who have struck out three batters on nine pitches

Lefty Grove (not pictured), Sandy Koufax (left), Nolan Ryan (right), and Randy Johnson (not pictured) are the only pitchers to achieve an immaculate inning on multiple occasions.

In baseball, a strikeout occurs when a pitcher throws three strikes to a batter during his time at bat.^[1] Seventy-five different pitchers have struck out three batters on nine consecutive pitches in a half-inning of a Major League Baseball (MLB) game as of 2016, the most recent being Juan Nicasio of the Pittsburgh Pirates on July 4, 2016. Four players have accomplished the feat—commonly known as an immaculate inning^[2][3]—more than once in their career; Lefty Grove, Nolan Ryan, and Randy Johnson each did it twice, while Sandy Koufax accomplished the feat three times.^[4] No player has ever struck out four batters on twelve pitches in an inning. John Clarkson was the first player to strike out three batters on nine pitches, doing so in the third inning for the Boston Beaneaters against the Philadelphia Quakers on June 4, 1889.^[5]

Out of the 75 pitchers who have accomplished the feat, 58 were right-handed and 17 pitched left-handed. Thirteen of these players (including nine active pitchers) have played for only one major league team. Five pitchers—Roger Clemens, Bob Gibson, Randy Johnson, Pedro Martínez and Nolan Ryan—are also members of the 3,000 strikeout club.^[6] Sloppy Thurston, Wade Miley and Ryan are the only rookies to have attained the milestone.^[7][8][9] Ryan struck out three batters on nine pitches in the American League and National League, becoming the only player to achieve the feat in both leagues of MLB.^[10] Danny Jackson is the sole player to pitch an immaculate inning in the World Series.^[11]

Once a relatively uncommon feat – there were no known immaculate innings thrown from 1929 through 1952 – there has been at least one immaculate inning (and often more) thrown every year since 2006. In total, 41 of the 80 of the known immaculate innings have been thrown since 1997.

Of the players eligible for the Baseball Hall of Fame who pitched an immaculate inning, twelve have been elected and five were elected on the first ballot.^[12] Players are eligible for the Hall of Fame if they have played in at least ten major league seasons, and have either been retired for five seasons or deceased for at least six months.^[13]

Players

Key

Pitcher (X)	Name of the pitcher and number of immaculate innings they had pitched at that point
Date	Date of the game
Team	The player's team at the time of the game
Opposing team	The team against whom the pitcher struck out three batters on nine pitches
Inning	The inning in which the pitcher struck out three batters on nine pitches
Batters faced (X)	The batters who were struck out on nine pitches and number of immaculate innings they had batted in at that point
Box	Box score with play by play (if available)
	Elected to the Baseball Hall of Fame
	Player is active[lower-alpha 1]

MLB pitchers who have struck out three batters on nine pitches

Pitcher	Date	Team	Opposing team	Inning	Batters faced	Box
Clarkson, JohnJohn Clarkson	June 4, 1889	Boston Beaneaters	Philadelphia Quakers	3rd	Jim Fogarty, Sam Thompson, Sid Farrar	n/a
Waddell, RubeRube Waddell	July 1, 1902	Philadelphia Athletics	Baltimore Orioles	3rd	Billy Gilbert, Harry Howell, John Cronin	n/a
Ragan, PatPat Ragan	October 5, 1914	Brooklyn Dodgers	Boston Braves	8th	Possum Whitted, Butch Schmidt, Red Smith	n/a
Oeschger, JoeJoe Oeschger	September 8, 1921	Boston Braves	Philadelphia Phillies	4th	Bevo LeBourveau, Cy Williams, Ed Konetchy	n/a
Thurston, SloppySloppy Thurston	August 22, 1923	Chicago White Sox	Philadelphia Athletics	12th	Beauty McGowan, Chick Galloway, Sammy Hale	n/a
Vance, DazzyDazzy Vance	September 14, 1924	Brooklyn Dodgers	Chicago Cubs	2nd	Sam Bohne, Bubbles Hargrave, Eppa Rixey	n/a
Grove, LeftyLefty Grove	August 23, 1928	Philadelphia Athletics	Cleveland Indians	2nd	Ed Morgan, Luther Harvel, Martin Autry	n/a
Grove, LeftyLefty Grove (2)	September 27, 1928	Philadelphia Athletics	Chicago White Sox	7th	Moe Berg, Tommy Thomas, Johnny Mostil	n/a
Hoeft, BillyBilly Hoeft	September 7, 1953	Detroit Tigers	Chicago White Sox	7th	Jim Rivera, Mike Fornieles, Chico Carrasquel	[14]
Roberts, RobinRobin Roberts	April 17, 1956	Philadelphia Phillies	Brooklyn Dodgers	6th	Carl Furillo, Charlie Neal, Sandy Amorós	[15]
Bunning, JimJim Bunning	August 2, 1959	Detroit Tigers	Boston Red Sox	9th	Sammy White, Jim Mahoney, Ike Delock	[16]
Koufax, SandySandy Koufax	June 30, 1962	Los Angeles Dodgers	New York Mets	1st	Richie Ashburn, Rod Kanehl, Félix Mantilla	[17]
Koufax, SandySandy Koufax (2)	April 19, 1963	Los Angeles Dodgers	Houston Colt .45s	5th	Bob Aspromonte, Jim Campbell, Turk Farrell	[18]
Cloninger, TonyTony Cloninger	June 15, 1963	Milwaukee Braves	Philadelphia Phillies	8th	Tony González, Clay Dalrymple, Rubén Amaro	[19]
Koufax, SandySandy Koufax (3)	April 18, 1964	Los Angeles Dodgers	Cincinnati Reds	3rd	Leo Cárdenas, Johnny Edwards, Jim Maloney	[20]
Bruce, BobBob Bruce	April 19, 1964	Houston Colt .45s	St. Louis Cardinals	8th	Bill White, Charlie James, Ken Boyer	[21]
Downing, AlAl Downing	August 11, 1967	New York Yankees	Cleveland Indians	2nd	Tony Horton, Don Demeter, Duke Sims	[22]
Ryan, NolanNolan Ryan	April 19, 1968	New York Mets	Los Angeles Dodgers	3rd	Claude Osteen, Wes Parker, Zoilo Versalles	[23]
Gibson, BobBob Gibson	May 12, 1969	St. Louis Cardinals	Los Angeles Dodgers	7th	Len Gabrielson, Paul Popovich, John Miller	[24]
Wilson, BillBill Wilson	July 6, 1971	Philadelphia Phillies	Atlanta Braves	8th	Darrell Evans, Hal King, Earl Williams	[25]
Strohmayer, JohnJohn Strohmayer	July 10, 1971	Montreal Expos	Philadelphia Phillies	5th	Mike Ryan, Woodie Fryman, Denny Doyle	[26]
Pappas, MiltMilt Pappas	September 24, 1971	Chicago Cubs	Philadelphia Phillies	4th	Greg Luzinski, Don Money, Mike Anderson	[27]
Ryan, NolanNolan Ryan (2)	July 9, 1972	California Angels	Boston Red Sox	2nd	Carlton Fisk, Bob Burda, Juan Beníquez	[28]
Sutter, BruceBruce Sutter	September 8, 1977	Chicago Cubs	Montreal Expos	9th	Ellis Valentine, Gary Carter, Larry Parrish	[29]
Borbón, PedroPedro Borbón	June 23, 1979	Cincinnati Reds	San Francisco Giants	9th	Mike Sadek, Gary Lavelle, Billy North	[30]
McGlothen, LynnLynn McGlothen	August 25, 1979	Chicago Cubs	San Francisco Giants	3rd	Larry Herndon, Joe Strain, Jack Clark	[31]
McLaughlin, JoeyJoey McLaughlin	September 11, 1979	Atlanta Braves	San Francisco Giants	7th	Larry Herndon (2), Greg Johnston, Johnnie LeMaster	[32]
Guidry, RonRon Guidry	August 7, 1984	New York Yankees	Chicago White Sox	9th	Carlton Fisk (2), Tom Paciorek, Greg Luzinski (2)	[33]
Jackson, DannyDanny Jackson	October 24, 1985	Kansas City Royals	St. Louis Cardinals	7th	Terry Pendleton, Tom Nieto, Brian Harper	[11]
Robinson, JeffJeff Robinson	September 7, 1987	Pittsburgh Pirates	Chicago Cubs	8th	Leon Durham, Andre Dawson, Rafael Palmeiro	[34]
Dibble, RobRob Dibble	June 4, 1989	Cincinnati Reds	San Diego Padres	8th	Carmelo Martínez, Mark Parent, Garry Templeton	[35]
Montgomery, JeffJeff Montgomery	April 29, 1990	Kansas City Royals	Texas Rangers	8th	Pete Incaviglia, Geno Petralli, Thad Bosley	[36]
Ashby, AndyAndy Ashby	June 15, 1991	Philadelphia Phillies	Cincinnati Reds	4th	Hal Morris, Todd Benzinger, Jeff Reed	[37]
Cone, DavidDavid Cone	August 30, 1991	New York Mets	Cincinnati Reds	5th	Herm Winningham, Randy Myers, Mariano Duncan	[38]
Harnisch, PetePete Harnisch	September 6, 1991	Houston Astros	Philadelphia Phillies	7th	Wes Chamberlain, Dickie Thon, José DeJesús	[39]
Wilson, TrevorTrevor Wilson	June 7, 1992	San Francisco Giants	Houston Astros	9th	Jeff Bagwell, Eric Anthony, Rafael Ramírez	[40]
Rojas, MelMel Rojas	May 11, 1994	Montreal Expos	New York Mets	9th	David Segui, Todd Hundley, Jeff McKnight	[41]
Belinda, StanStan Belinda	August 6, 1994	Kansas City Royals	Seattle Mariners	9th	Eric Anthony (2), Chris Howard, Luis Sojo	[42]
Worrell, ToddTodd Worrell	August 13, 1995	Los Angeles Dodgers	Pittsburgh Pirates	9th	Mark Johnson, Angelo Encarnación, Steve Pegues	[43]
Magnante, MikeMike Magnante	August 22, 1997	Houston Astros	Colorado Rockies	9th	Ellis Burks, Harvey Pulliam, Jeff Reed (2)	[44]
Clemens, RogerRoger Clemens	September 18, 1997	Toronto Blue Jays	Boston Red Sox	1st	Nomar Garciaparra, John Valentin, Mo Vaughn	[45]
Jones, DougDoug Jones	September 23, 1997	Milwaukee Brewers	Kansas City Royals	9th	Johnny Damon, Scott Cooper, Rod Myers	[46]
Key, JimmyJimmy Key	April 14, 1998	Baltimore Orioles	Chicago White Sox	2nd	Robin Ventura, Magglio Ordóñez, Ray Durham	[47]
Mussina, MikeMike Mussina	May 9, 1998	Baltimore Orioles	Tampa Bay Devil Rays	9th	Fred McGriff, Paul Sorrento, Rich Butler	[48]
Hershiser, OrelOrel Hershiser	June 16, 1998	San Francisco Giants	Colorado Rockies	4th	Ellis Burks (2), Vinny Castilla, Todd Helton	[49]
Johnson, RandyRandy Johnson	September 2, 1998	Houston Astros	Atlanta Braves	6th	Javy Lopez, Andruw Jones, Greg Colbrunn	[50]
Sánchez, JesúsJesús Sánchez	September 13, 1998	Florida Marlins	Atlanta Braves	3rd	Tony Graffanino, Greg Maddux, Walt Weiss	[51]
Reynolds, ShaneShane Reynolds	July 15, 1999	Houston Astros	Detroit Tigers	1st	Juan Encarnacion, Brad Ausmus, Bobby Higginson	[52]
Ryan, B. J.B. J. Ryan	September 5, 1999	Baltimore Orioles	Cleveland Indians	6th	Manny Ramirez, Jim Thome, Richie Sexson	[53]
Urbina, UguethUgueth Urbina	April 4, 2000	Montreal Expos	Los Angeles Dodgers	9th	F.P. Santangelo, Devon White, Mark Grudzielanek	[54]
Johnson, RandyRandy Johnson (2)	August 23, 2001	Arizona Diamondbacks	Pittsburgh Pirates	6th	Tony McKnight, Gary Matthews Jr., Jack Wilson	[55]
Isringhausen, JasonJason Isringhausen	April 13, 2002	St. Louis Cardinals	Houston Astros	9th	Daryle Ward, José Vizcaíno, Julio Lugo	[56]
Kim, Byung-HyunByung-Hyun Kim	May 11, 2002	Arizona Diamondbacks	Philadelphia Phillies	8th	Scott Rolen, Mike Lieberthal, Pat Burrell	[57]
Martínez, PedroPedro Martínez	May 18, 2002	Boston Red Sox	Seattle Mariners	1st	Ichiro Suzuki, Mark McLemore, Rubén Sierra	[58]
Lawrence, BrianBrian Lawrence	June 12, 2002	San Diego Padres	Baltimore Orioles	3rd	Brook Fordyce, Jerry Hairston, Jr., Melvin Mora	[59]
Backe, BrandonBrandon Backe	April 15, 2004	Houston Astros	Milwaukee Brewers	8th	Bill Hall, Scott Podsednik, Craig Counsell	[60]
Sheets, BenBen Sheets	June 13, 2004	Milwaukee Brewers	Houston Astros	3rd	Pete Munro, Craig Biggio, José Vizcaíno (2)	[61]
Hawkins, LaTroyLaTroy Hawkins	September 11, 2004	Chicago Cubs	Florida Marlins	9th	Jeff Conine, Juan Encarnación (2), Álex González	[62]
Helling, RickRick Helling	June 20, 2006	Milwaukee Brewers	Detroit Tigers	1st	Curtis Granderson, Plácido Polanco, Iván Rodríguez	[63]
Carlyle, BuddyBuddy Carlyle	July 6, 2007	Atlanta Braves	San Diego Padres	4th	Khalil Greene, Russell Branyan, José Cruz, Jr.	[64]
Harden, RichRich Harden	June 8, 2008	Oakland Athletics	Los Angeles Angels	1st	Maicer Izturis, Howie Kendrick, Garret Anderson	[65]
Hernández, FélixFélix Hernández	June 17, 2008	Seattle Mariners	Florida Marlins	4th	Jeremy Hermida, Jorge Cantú, Mike Jacobs	[66]
Burnett, A. J.A. J. Burnett	June 20, 2009	New York Yankees	Florida Marlins	3rd	Josh Johnson, Chris Coghlan, Emilio Bonifacio	[67]
Ohlendorf, RossRoss Ohlendorf	September 5, 2009	Pittsburgh Pirates	St. Louis Cardinals	7th	Khalil Greene (2), Julio Lugo (2), Jason LaRue	[68]
Soriano, RafaelRafael Soriano	August 23, 2010	Tampa Bay Rays	Los Angeles Angels	9th	Erick Aybar, Mike Napoli, Peter Bourjos	[69]
Zimmermann, JordanJordan Zimmermann	May 6, 2011	Washington Nationals	Florida Marlins	2nd	Giancarlo Stanton, Greg Dobbs, John Buck	[70]
Pérez, JuanJuan Pérez	July 8, 2011	Philadelphia Phillies	Atlanta Braves	10th	Jason Heyward, Nate McLouth, Wilkin Ramírez	[71]
Buchholz, ClayClay Buchholz	August 16, 2012	Boston Red Sox	Baltimore Orioles	6th	Adam Jones, Matt Wieters, Chris Davis	[72]
Miley, WadeWade Miley	October 1, 2012	Arizona Diamondbacks	Colorado Rockies	3rd	Jonathan Herrera, Drew Pomeranz, Josh Rutledge	[73]
Nova, IvánIván Nova	May 29, 2013	New York Yankees	New York Mets	8th	Ike Davis, Mike Baxter, Rubén Tejada	[74]
Delabar, SteveSteve Delabar	July 30, 2013	Toronto Blue Jays	Oakland Athletics	8th	Adam Rosales, Coco Crisp, Chris Young	[75]
Boxberger, BradBrad Boxberger	May 8, 2014	Tampa Bay Rays	Baltimore Orioles	6th	Steve Pearce, Jonathan Schoop, Caleb Joseph	[76]
Hamels, ColeCole Hamels	May 17, 2014	Philadelphia Phillies	Cincinnati Reds	3rd	Zack Cozart, Brandon Phillips, Todd Frazier	[77]
Masterson, JustinJustin Masterson	June 2, 2014	Cleveland Indians	Boston Red Sox	4th	Jonny Gomes, Grady Sizemore, Stephen Drew	[78]
Richards, GarrettGarrett Richards	June 4, 2014	Los Angeles Angels	Houston Astros	2nd	Jon Singleton, Matt Dominguez, Chris Carter	[79]
Brothers, RexRex Brothers	June 14, 2014	Colorado Rockies	San Francisco Giants	8th	Michael Morse, Brandon Crawford, Gregor Blanco	[80]
McCarthy, BrandonBrandon McCarthy	September 17, 2014	New York Yankees	Tampa Bay Rays	7th	Wil Myers, Nick Franklin, Matt Joyce	[81]
Fiers, MikeMike Fiers	May 7, 2015	Milwaukee Brewers	Los Angeles Dodgers	4th	Enrique Hernández, Carlos Frías, Joc Pederson	[82]
Casilla, SantiagoSantiago Casilla	May 17, 2015	San Francisco Giants	Cincinnati Reds	9th	Marlon Byrd, Brandon Phillips (2), Jay Bruce	[83]
Nicasio, JuanJuan Nicasio	July 4, 2016	Pittsburgh Pirates	St.Louis Cardinals	8th	Stephen Piscotty, Jhonny Peralta (2), Yadier Molina	[84]

See also

• Nine-dart finish

Notes

1. A player is considered inactive if he has announced his retirement or not played for a full season.

References

General

• "Immaculate Innings: 9 Pitches – 9 Strikes – 3 Outs". Baseball-Almanac.com. Baseball Almanac. Retrieved April 28, 2013.
• "Baseball Hall of Fame Inductees". Baseball-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. Retrieved May 3, 2013.

Specific

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3. Topkin, Marc (August 25, 2010). "Soriano's latest feat is flawless". Tampa Bay Times. Archived from the original on August 28, 2010. Retrieved April 28, 2013.
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36. "April 29, 1990 Texas Rangers at Kansas City Royals Play by Play and Box Score". Baseball-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. April 29, 1990. Retrieved April 16, 2013.
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38. "August 30, 1991 New York Mets at Cincinnati Reds Play by Play and Box Score". Baseball-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. August 30, 1991. Retrieved April 16, 2013.
39. "September 6, 1991 Philadelphia Phillies at Houston Astros Play by Play and Box Score". Baseball-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. September 6, 1991. Retrieved April 16, 2013.
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53. "September 5, 1999 Cleveland Indians at Baltimore Orioles Play by Play and Box Score". Baseball-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. September 5, 1999. Retrieved June 4, 2014.
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58. "May 18, 2002 Seattle Mariners at Boston Red Sox Play by Play and Box Score". Baseball-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. May 18, 2002. Retrieved April 16, 2013.
59. "June 12, 2002 San Diego Padres at Baltimore Orioles Play by Play and Box Score". Baseball-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. June 12, 2002. Retrieved April 16, 2013.
60. "April 15, 2004 Milwaukee Brewers at Houston Astros Play by Play and Box Score". Baseball-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. April 15, 2004. Retrieved April 16, 2013.
61. "June 13, 2004 Houston Astros at Milwaukee Brewers Play by Play and Box Score". Baseball-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. June 13, 2004. Retrieved April 16, 2013.
62. "September 11, 2004 Florida Marlins at Chicago Cubs Play by Play and Box Score". Baseball-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. September 11, 2004. Retrieved April 16, 2013.
63. "June 20, 2006 Detroit Tigers at Milwaukee Brewers Play by Play and Box Score". Baseball-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. June 20, 2006. Retrieved April 16, 2013.
64. "July 6, 2007 Atlanta Braves at San Diego Padres Play by Play and Box Score". Baseball-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. July 6, 2007. Retrieved April 16, 2013.
65. "June 8, 2008 Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim at Oakland Athletics Play by Play and Box Score". Baseball-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. June 8, 2008. Retrieved April 16, 2013.
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68. "September 5, 2009 St. Louis Cardinals at Pittsburgh Pirates Play by Play and Box Score". Baseball-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. September 5, 2009. Retrieved April 16, 2013.
69. "August 23, 2010 Tampa Bay Rays at Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim Play by Play and Box Score". Baseball-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. August 23, 2010. Retrieved December 12, 2012.
70. "May 6, 2011 Washington Nationals at Florida Marlins Play by Play and Box Score". Baseball-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. May 6, 2011. Retrieved December 12, 2012.
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72. "August 16, 2012 Boston Red Sox at Baltimore Orioles Play by Play and Box Score". Baseball-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. August 16, 2012. Retrieved December 12, 2012.
73. "October 1, 2012 Colorado Rockies at Arizona Diamondbacks Play by Play and Box Score". Baseball-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. October 1, 2012. Retrieved December 12, 2012.
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