Institute for New Culture Technologies-t0

Institute for New Culture Technologies/t0
Formation 1993
Purpose International exhibitions, conferences and publications dealing with culture and technology
Location
  • Vienna, Austria
Website http://world-information.net/en/

The Institute for New Culture Technologies/t0 was established by in 1993 as an arts and culture related international competence platform for the critical use of information and communication technologies. Over the years it has pursued a broad range of transdisciplinary activities. From producing and hosting infrastructure to organizing conferences, festivals and exhibitions, local interventions and skill transfer, as well as international research and publishing. Konrad Becker and Francisco de Sousa Webber, who founded the institute, currently form the board of directors together with Felix Stalder.

History

When the founders of the Institute for New Culture Technologies/t0 set up a web server (in an unofficially tolerated act of ‘misuse’ of the underemployed Internet server of Vienna’s general hospital AKH) in 1993,[1] they created one of the first arts and culture-related sites on the emerging World Wide Web.

The institute has been conceptualised as a platform from which independent initiatives and organizations could emerge. The first of these initiatives was Public Netbase – now an ‘historical example’ of an early new media organization in Europe.[2] Founded in 1994, it was located in Messepalast, the predecessor of Vienna’s Museumsquartier. It combined various functions and activities: It was a non-profit Internet service provider that facilitated internet access mainly for the independent arts and cultural sector. This was accompanied by a program of workshops and courses to develop media competence. Public Netbase became a social space for this emerging scene of artists, techheads, activists etc., and ran an almost daily evening program of discussions, presentations, screenings and music events. In addition to these grassroots activities international exhibitions and conferences were conducted.[3] Public Netbase used to be t0’s main initiative until it had to be discontinued due to lack of funding (which was a result of repression by the Austrian right-wing government [4] in 2006.

But already in 1999 the next initiative had been founded: World-Information.Org (WIO). It was presented – under the patronage of UNESCO [5] – as the lead project of the New-Media-program of the Brussels 2000 European Capital of Culture.[6] WIO resembles an intelligence agency, that collects and analyses information, but not in the interest of a state or as a think tank for corporate businesses, but for the independent cultural sector. Starting from the Brussels project, a series of international exhibitions and conferences has been developed. World-Information Institute (WII) is WIO’s research department. It has become t0’s main initiative after the closure of Public Netbase. In addition to conducting research, it continues the program of international conferences and the activities to further develop culture and media policies. In addition, on the Austrian national level, wahlkabine.at was founded in 2002 and became Austria’s most prominent online “polling booth”.[7]

Since 2010, Institute for New Culture Technologies/t0 has developed the ‘living archive’ Future Non Stop,[8] in which all its activities are documented, which makes it a valuable resource covering twenty years of activities in new media art, net culture and participatory use and critical analyses of new technologies, digital networks and the World Wide Web.

Across all these activities, t0 has closely collaborated with groups and organizations such as Critical Art Ensemble, RTMark, The Yes Men, De Balie, Kuda.org, De Waag, Adbusters, Institute for Applied Autonomy, Sarai (Media Lab), Bundeszentrale für politische Bildung, V2 Institute for the Unstable Media, 0100101110101101.ORG and Nettime. Artists and researchers who have been involved in t0’s program, include[9] Saskia Sassen, Bruno Latour, Peter Lamborn Wilson / Hakim Bey, Franco Bifo Berardi, Chantal Mouffe, Brian Holmes, Marko Peljhan, Arundhati Roy, monochrom, Manuel De Landa,[10] Michel Bauwens, Inke Arns, R. Trebor Scholz and many others.

Initiatives / Sub-organizations and their Projects

Public Netbase

Public Netbase was initiated by the Institute for New Culture Technologies/t0 in the Vienna Museumsquartier in 1994 as a non-profit internet provider and a platform for the participatory use of information and communication technology. With its WWW-server as well as with its workshops, instruction courses, and educational events for the broad public, Public Netbase contributed continually to the evolution of a lively internet scene and a heightened consciousness for the implications of the new communication and information technologies.

As a focal point of European and international art, culture, and media networks, the Viennese net culture institute attempted to develop an understanding for the manifold opportunities and the potential of new communication media, but also to look critically at a society that is increasingly determined by technology.

In addition to the series of workshops and discussions the activities of Public Netbase included, among other, projects that combined exhibitions, conferences and workshops (e.g. Synworld playwork:hyperspace[11] (1999) and Free Bitflows [12] (2004)), projects in public space (nikeground[13] (2003) and Basecamp[14] (2001/2002)) and activities that strengthened self-organization of independent media initiatives and demanded further development of cultural and media policies (in Austria, but also on European level, e.g. European Cultural Backbone [15] (1999-2003)). Public Netbase was very active in the resistance movements against the Austrian right-wing government, that came into power beginning of 2000 and included Jörg Haider’s Freedom Party (FPÖ). An own strand of activities derived from this (e.g. government-austria.at [16] (2000/2001)) and elements of political activism became stronger across all strands of activities.

For a more extensive list of projects cf. the article on Public Netbase.

World-Information.Org

World-Information.Org (WIO) is a trans-national cultural intelligence provider, a collaborative effort of artists, scientists and technicians. It is a practical example for a technical and contextual environment for cultural production and an independent platform of critical media intelligence.

In a mission statement, WIO’s activities are described as follows: “World-Information.org monitors and maps the infosphere, the world's invisible nerve system of information networks, as well as the global information economy. Through artistic and scientific exploration of information and communication technologies World-Information.Org disseminates an understanding of their cultural, societal and political implications, and fosters future cultural practice. An agent of digital democratization and the pursuit of digital human rights, enlightening the opportunities, challenges and risks of information and communication technology, World-Information.Org provides information necessary for a democratic development of society, culture and politics.”[17] The major project through which WIO was launched in Brussels in 2000 was followed by a series of conferences and exhibitions:

Brussels 2000

World-Information.Org was the main media project of the European Capital of Culture 2000 in Brussels and discussed the social, cultural and political dimensions of the new information and communication technologies.[18] The World-Information exhibition (30 June-30 July 2000, Centre Brussels 2000) presented objects and research results on topics such as the history of modern communication technologies, the "big players" in the IT industry, financial networks or human rights. Most resources are available on the world-information.org page.[19] The "World-InfoCon" conference (13-14 July 2000) held at the World-information.Org building featured Philippe Quéau, Saskia Sassen (University of Chicago, London School of Economics), Philip Hammond, Duncan Campbell (journalist, IPTV Ltd.) Prof. Dr. Cees Hamelink (NL) Centre for Communication and Human Rights, University of Amsterdam, Shahidul Alam (BD), Simon Davies (Director Privacy International; computer Security Research Centre, London School of Economics), Eric Kluitenberg (coordinator New Media programs, De Balie) and Steve Kurtz (Critical Art Ensemble).

Vienna 2000

The "World-Information" exhibition was shown at the Technical Museum Vienna (December, 24 November-24. 2000) and supplemented by a program of guided "Dialogue Tours" by media theorists, publishers, journalists and artists. The "World-Information Forum" conference (November 24, 2000) included, among others, Hito Steyerl, Ben Bagdikian (University of California), Kunda Dixit (NP) Publisher Nepali Times, Director Panos Institute South Asia and Steve Wright (OMEGA Foundation).[20]

Amsterdam 2002

A "World-Information" exhibition at the Oude Kerk in Amsterdam 2003 (15 November to 15 December 2002) was supplemented by an intensive workshop program. At the conference "World-InfoCon" (6/7 December 2002 De Balie Centre for Culture and Politics).[21] Speakers included Brian Holmes and Volker Grassmuck. Arun Mehta (IN), Chris Hables Gray (US), Sheldon Rampton (US) Editor of PR Watch, Dr. Ben Bagdikian (US) Graduate School of Journalism, University of California, Eveline Lubbers (NL) Investigative Journalist, Andrew Bichlbaum (US), Member of The Yesmen and Disinformation Specialist.

Novi Sad / Belgrade 2003

"World-Information.Org" in Serbia was realized with an exhibition in Novi Sad (March 22-April 5, Museum of Vojvodina.) and Belgrade (April 19 to May 5, 2003, Museum of Modern Art.). Speakers of the conference "World-Information Forum" (Belgrade April 20, 2003) were among others Marko Peljhan, Petar Milat, Sjoera Nas and Gordan Paunovic. "World-Information Lounge" hosted art projects, book presentations and discussions.[22]

Bangalore 2005

“World-Information City”, as part of the transnational project "Towards a Culture of Open Networks" was a collaboration with the organizations Sarai-CSDS, Delhi, and Waag Society, Amsterdam. As a result, the project documentation "Towards a Culture of Open Networks - In the Shade of the commons" was published. Local partners in Bangalore were Mahiti, the Alternative Law Forum and the Srishti School of Art, Design and Technology. The "World-Information City" exhibition took place at various locations (15 to 19 November 2005, e.g. Russell Market, Tasker Town) and was supplemented by workshops and guided tours. Large billboards, posters, stickers and "mobile displays" were distributed for an information campaign on the subject of intellectual property throughout the city. At the "World-Information City" conference (17 to 18 November 2005, Cubbon Park Auditorium, Bangalore) Speakers included Arundhati Roy, Lawrence Liang, Solomon Benjamin, Lata Mani, Shuddhabrata Sengupta and David Lyon.[23]

Paris 2009

"World-Information City Paris" conference at the festival "Futur en Seine" (30 to 31 May 2009 Maison des Métallos). Speakers included Bruno Latour, Saskia Sassen, Stephen Graham, Carlo Ratti, John Urry and Eyal Weizman.[24]

World-Information Institute

World-Information Institute (WII) is an independent institution linking research and public discourse in the realms of innovation, digital culture technologies, and society. The documentation and processing of digital media technologies sheds light on the future perspectives of global developments and involves complex and heterogeneous information resources.

World-Information Institute forms part of an international network of partner institutions and experts in the fields of information and communication technologies and their social implications.

WII’s main fields of research are a politics of the commons (and, from this perspective: problems of intellectual property regimes), new forms of cultural production, politics of search and organization of knowledge, surveillance technologies, big data and visualization, cultural and media policies. A recent example of an activity to further develop cultural and media policies is “Netzpolitischer Konvent” (Convention of the Austrian civil society on net politics),[25] in which a catalogue of demands was drafted and subsequently presented to the public. WII's main projects include:

Deep Search (I) - Vienna 2008

The "Deep Search" conference critically dealt with "the social and political dimensions of how we navigate the deep seas of knowledge".[26] With contributions by Paul Duguid (School of Information, University of California, Berkeley), Claire Lobet-Maris (Computer Science Institute University of Namur), Bernhard Rieder (department Hypermédia, Université de Paris VIII - Vincennes Saint-Denis), Gon Zifroni & Tsila Hassine (Metahaven, Amsterdam and Brussels and media artist and web-programmer), etc.

Critical Strategies in Art and Media - New York 2009

In September 2009 "Critical Strategies in Art and Media",[27] a conference on the future of cultural freedom and cultural intelligence in the digital theory and practice, took place at the Austrian Cultural Forum in New York. Participants included Ted Byfield (nettime), Steve Kurtz (Critical Art Ensemble), Amanda McDonald Crowley (Eyebeam), Claire Pentecost (Continental Drift), Peter Lamborn Wilson (Temporary Autonomous Zone), Konrad Becker (World-Information Institute) and Jim Fleming (Autonomedia).

Deep Search (II) - Vienna 2010

The debate on the policies of searching continued 2010 with the conference "Deep Search II": "The automatic classification of data, its indexing, and its evaluation are at the heart of new communication environments. What lies beneath is not just a drive to organize the world's information, but also to classify human relations: from the management of the modern workplace and consumers in mass societies, to the bio-political management of the network society."[28] With contributions by, .a.o. Chad. Wellmon (University of Virginia), Sebastian Giessmann (Humboldt University of Berlin), Matteo Pasquinelli (Queen Mary University of London), Karl H. Müller (Vienna Institute for social Science documentation and methodology).

Shared Digital Futures - Vienna 2013

The conference "Shared Digital Futures" [29] dealt with the impact of digital networking technologies to the production of culture and examined about the new role of the artwork as the same end product and raw material for further production of culture, models for sustainable funding of Commons and new forms of collective authorship. With contributions from u. A. Jamie King, Eric Kluitenberg, ZOE.LEELA, Inke Arns, Michel Bauwens and R. Trebor Scholz.

Information as a reality - Linz, 2014

The conference and exhibition "Information as a reality" [30] in cooperation with the magazine Spingerin and with Ars Electronica at the LENTOS Kunstmuseum in Linz dealt with critical cultural practices in digital networks and the increasing change of social reality by digital models and virtual information regimes. Cultural workers have played an important pioneering role in the colonization of digital worlds. What role they can assume now, 20 years after the emergence of the Internet? With et al. Steve Kurtz, Mediengruppe Bitnik, Alessandro Ludovico, Marko Peljhan, Christian Höller.

Digital Clouds and Urban Spaces - Vienna 2014

The conference "Digital Clouds and Urban Spaces" [31] at the Architekturzentrum Vienna focused on Smart Cities and the city as an information system where urbanity is increasingly shaped by networks of informational technologies. With Adam Greenfield (USA), Marleen Stikker (NL), Thomas Grüter (DE), Christoph Laimer (AT) et al.

Critical Net Practice – Vienna 2015

In a cooperation with the magazine springerin World-Information Institute revisited 20 years of net culture. The resulting texts formed the main part of issue XXI/1 (winter 2015) of the magazine.[32] Issue Presentation (MAK – Museum of Applied Arts, Vienna): Critical Net Practice: Information as a reality? [33] Jumper / Band XXI, No. 1, Winter 2015: Marina Gržinić (Ljubljana), Zoran Pantelić (Novi Sad), Konrad Becker (Vienna) and Christian Höller (Vienna).

Algorithmic Regimes - Vienna 2015/2016

The international conference and event series "Algorithmic Regimes" [34] examined the growing influence of digital control systems and their cascading effects of powerful effect on cultural and social realities. In addition to the conference, the event „Algorithms are no Angels“ with Matthew Fuller und Graham Harwood, a Videointerview with Stefano Harney, and an audiovisual evening about the power of algorithms were conducted, that presented an annotated remix of film clips and documentaries,[35] relating to automated control systems. With Peter Purgathofer (AT), Thomas Sturm (DE), Antoinette Rouvroy (BE), Btihaj Ajana (UK), Francesca Musiani (FR), Olga Goryunova (UK), Gerald Raunig (AT) et al.

Wahlkabine.at

Wahlkabine.at was founded in 2002 by the Institute for New Culture Technologies/t0 and was presented for the first time during the National Council elections in the same year.[36] The online polling-booth sees itself as an instrument of political education, which encourages the users to deal with political content in a playful way and provides factual information and feedback opportunities.

Given the fact that increasing personalization nowadays replaces more and more the political content, Wahlkabine.at considers the publication of all party-programs and their scientific contextualization as a fundamental tool for political participation as well as a revealing resource collection for personal reflection on the voting behavior.[37]

Wahlkabine.at focuses on elections on Austrian national and regional levels and on EU-level (European Parliament), but also includes elections of the Austrian National Student Union and a few individual cases (e.g. Austrian Economic Chambers / Sector Information and Consulting 2010).[38] In the context of regional elections in Vienna in autumn 2015 (with an electorate of approximately 1.14 million eligible voters) 160,000 users visited the online polling booth.[39]

Future Non Stop

Future Non Stop – started as a project in 2010, online since 2012 – is an extensive archive and an experiment in logics of navigating information: “Based on an extensive archive going back to 1994 the site collects materials that serve as important reference documents in the field of new media, politics, and art and makes them accessible to a wider public. Instead of a hierarchically structured archive an experimental navigation interface opens up new ways to explore large information nodes. Documents are associated by a range of tag that allow to filter relevance according to topics and issue relations. ASCR, short for Advanced Semantic Content Repository, is the open source information architecture and "editing back end" of Future Non Stop.” [40]

Publications

References

  1. ↑ Francisco de Sousa Webber: "Building a Netbase from Scratch", in: Branka Ćurčić / Zoran Pantelić / New Media Center_kuda.org (Eds.): ‘’Public Netbase: Non Stop Future - New Practices in Art and Media’’, Frankfurt a. M. (Revolver), 2008, online: http://nonstop-future.org/txt?tid=195606bfd5f57eb46cbc3100ef62ff0c, retrieved: 18-07-2013
  2. ↑ Cf. Clemens Apprich / Felix Stalder (Hrsg.): Vergessene Zukunft. Radikale Netzkulturen in Europa. transcript, Bielefeld 2012, ISBN 978-3-8376-1906-5 (in German).
  3. ↑ For the period 1995-1999 press coverage - mainly in Austria, but also in international newspapers and magazines, e.g. Frankfurter Rundschau, Kunstforum International, The Daily Telegraph, Mute, Süddeutsche Zeitung, Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung, Telepolis, The New York Times and Artbyte.The Magazine of Digital Arts - has been documented by t0: http://www.t0.or.at/1995.htm, http://www.t0.or.at/1996.htm, http://www.t0.or.at/1997.htm, http://www.t0.or.at/1998.htm, http://www.t0.or.at/1999.htm, retrieved: 04-12-2013, mostly in German
  4. ↑ Subsidies by the federal government had made up a main part of Public Netbase’s funds before, cf. Robert Harauer / MEDIACULT (ed.): Digital Culture in Europe. A selective inventory of centres of innovation in the arts and new technologies, Strasbourg (Council of Europe), 1999, pp. 14-17 (in Google books))
  5. ↑ Cf. "The Exhibition 'World-Information.Org', Public Netbase t0", new media center_kuda.org, 28.07.2013, online: http://www.kuda.org/en/exhibition-world-informationorg-public-netbase-t0, retrieved: 16-09-2013, and F.E.Rakuschan, “Weltinformationsordnung 2.0”, Telepolis 28.11.2000 (in German), http://www.heise.de/tp/artikel/4/4350/1.html, retrieved 16-09-2013)
  6. ↑ http://www.tacticalmediafiles.net/events/4724/World_Information-Brussels (retrieved: 08-10-2016)
  7. ↑ Cf. coverage by Austrian media documented at http://wahlkabine.at/presse, retrieved: 16-09-2013, Cf. e.g. „Wenig Übereinstimmung zwischen SPÖ und ÖVP“ (derStandard.at, 19.08.2013, http://derstandard.at/1376533958426/wahlkabineat-Wenig-Uebereinstimmung-zwischen-SPOe-und-OeVP, retrieved: 04-12-2013, in German), „Wahlkabine.at bietet Entscheidungshilfe“ (ORF Zeit im Bild 1, 17.08.2013; ZiB1 is the main evening TV-newscast of the Austrian public broadcasting corporation ORF. Due to the Austrian legal situation, ORF has only a short-term online archive; the video-file can be downloaded at: http://wahlkabine.at/presse/orf170813/attachment_download/filedownload, retrieved: 04-12-2013, in German), „Wahljahr 2013: Orientierungshilfe im Internet“ (Die Presse, 04.12.2012, http://diepresse.com/home/politik/innenpolitik/1319807/Wahljahr-2013_Orientierungshilfe-im-Internet?from=suche.intern.portal, retrieved: 04-12-2013, in German), „Eine Stimme für die Vernunft“ (Medianet, 29.10.2012; the article is not in the newspaper's online archive any more, download scan: http://wahlkabine.at/presse/medianet291012, retrieved: 04-12-2013, in German), „Wer die Wahl hat ...“ (Information Professional, 02/2010, download scan: http://wahlkabine.at/presse/informationprofessional_0110, retrieved: 04-12-2013, in German), „Rekordwerte für Wahlkabine.at“ (Computerwelt, 30.09.2008, http://www.computerwelt.at/news/hardware/detail/artikel/rekordwerte-fuer-wahlkabineat/, retrieved: 04-12-2013, in German), "Wahlkabine hilft Unentschlossenen" (Salzburger Nachrichten, 26 September 2013, http://www.salzburg.com/nachrichten/spezial/nationalratswahl-2013/sn/artikel/wahlkabine-hilft-unentschlossenen-75666/, retrieved: 04-12-2013, in German)
  8. ↑ http://future-nonstop.org/, retrieved: 04-12-2013
  9. ↑ For details cf. http://future-nonstop.org
  10. ↑ There are several early texts by Manuel De Landa still available at: http://www.t0.or.at/delanda/, retrieved 19-07-2013
  11. ↑ http://synworld.t0.or.at/, retrieved: 16-09-2013
  12. ↑ http://freebitflows.t0.or.at/, retrieved: 16-09-2013, http://v2.nl/events/free-bitflows/, retrieved: 16-09-2013
  13. ↑ http://www.t0.or.at/nikeground, retrieved: 16-09-2013; cf. Carrie Lanbert-Beatty, "Make-Believe: Parafiction and Plausibility", in: OCTOBER 129, Summer 2009, pp. 51–84 (online: http://www.mitpressjournals.org/doi/pdf/10.1162/octo.2009.129.1.51, retrieved 16-09-2013), Ruggero Eugeni, Nikeplatz. The Urban Space as a New Medium, lecture given at the NECS Conference 2010, Istanbul, Turkey, June 24–27 (online: http://www.academia.edu/402460/Nikeplatz._The_Urban_Space_as_a_New_Medium, retrieved: 16-09-2013), Alain: Nikeground: Rethinking Space, NEON 01 2004 (in German), http://www.neon.de/artikel/sehen/gesellschaft/nikeground-rethinking-space/633120, retrieved 16-09-2013, Sigrid Baringhorst, Veronika Kneip, Annegret März, Johanna Niesyto, Unternehmenskritische Kampagnen. Politischer Protest im Zeichen digitaler Kommunikation, Wiesbaden: VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften 2010, ISBN 978-3-531-17451-8, (in Google books, retrieved 16-09-2013), Markus Zachbauer, "Nikeground (formerly Karlsplatz)", FM4/ORF.at, October 2003 (in German), http://fm4v2.orf.at/zachbauer/140457/main, retrieved 16-09-2013]
  14. ↑ http://basecamp.netbase.org/, retrieved: 16-09-2013
  15. ↑ http://web.archive.org/web/20050115094834/www.e-c-b.net/, retrieved: 16-07-2013
  16. ↑ http://government-austria.at/, retrieved: 11-07-2013
  17. ↑ Branka Ćurčić / Zoran Pantelić / New Media Center_kuda.org (Ed.): Public Netbase: Non Stop Future - New Practices in Art and Media, Frankfurt a. M. (Revolver), 2008, p. 308
  18. ↑ Springerin – Hefte für Gegenwartskunst, Heft 3/00 (in German, retrieved: 08-10-2016)
  19. ↑ World Infostructure Exhibition
  20. ↑ http://world-information.org/program/vienna (retrieved: 08-10-2016)
  21. ↑ http://world-information.org/program/amsterdam (retrieved: 08-10-2016)
  22. ↑ http://world-information.org/program/serbia (retrieved: 08-10-2016)
  23. ↑ http://world-information.org/program/bangalore (retrieved: 08-10-2016)
  24. ↑ http://world-information.org/program/paris/events/1242060832/1242061298 (retrieved: 08-10-2016)
  25. ↑ https://npk.servus.at/ (in German), retrieved: 16-09-2013
  26. ↑ http://world-information.org/wii/deep_search/en/book/deepsearch-book_en/ (retrieved: 21-09-2016)
  27. ↑ http://world-information.org/wii/critical_strategies/en (retrieved: 21-09-2016)
  28. ↑ http://world-information.org/wii/deep_search2/en/ (retrieved: 21-09-2016)
  29. ↑ http://world-information.net/sdf/ (retrieved: 21-09-2016)
  30. ↑ http://world-information.net/iar/ (retrieved: 21-09-2016)
  31. ↑ http://world-information.net/digital-clouds/ (retrieved: 08-10-2016)
  32. ↑ http://www.springerin.at/dyn/heft.php?id=87&pos=0&textid=0&lang=en (retrieved: 21-09-2016). The English version of Mission interconnectedness. A roundtable on 20 years of Net culture with Konrad Becker, Josephine Berry Slater, Felix Stalder, Pauline van Mourik Broekman, is also available at http://www.eurozine.com/articles/2015-03-17-becker-en.html (retrieved: 21-09-2016).
  33. ↑ http://mak.at/jart/prj3/mak-resp/main.jart?reserve-mode=active&rel=de&content-id=1343388632770&article_id=1419146574316 (in German, retrieved: 21-09-2016)
  34. ↑ A brief description of all project parts with links to documentation videos can be found at http://world-information.net/algorithmic-regimes-and-generative-strategies/ (retrieved: 21-09-2016).
  35. ↑ The playlist can be found at http://world-information.net/screening-the-algorithmic/ (retrieved: 21-09-2016).
  36. ↑ "WWWahlspielchen", Falter 45/02 (November 2002), p. 21. The article is not available in the newspaper's online archive, which goes back only to the year 2005, download scan: http://wahlkabine.at/presse/falter2002/filedownload (in German).
  37. ↑ Cf. "Why wahlkabine.at?" at: http://wahlkabine.at/ueber/Infofolder_wahlkabine_ENGL.pdf/attachment_download/file (retrieved 08-10-2016).
  38. ↑ For a list of all elections covered, cf. http://wahlkabine.at/archiv (in German), retrieved: 16-09-2013.
  39. ↑ http://wahlkabine.at/ltw2015wien/schlussauswertungltw2015wien/ (in German, retrieved: 21-09-2016)
  40. ↑ http://future-nonstop.org/ (retrieved: 22-09-2016)
  41. ↑ Cf. also: Leonhard Dobusch, Studie ‚Urheberrecht im Alltag’ im Auftrag der Arbeiterkammer, NETZPOLITIK.ORG, 21.2.2013, https://netzpolitik.org/2013/studie-urheberrecht-im-alltag-im-auftrag-der-arbeiterkammer/, retrieved: 16-09-2013

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