Irene Mambilima

Irene Mambilima
7th Chief Justice of Zambia
Assumed office
March 2, 2015
Nominated by Edgar Lungu
Preceded by Ernest Sakala
Deputy Chief Justice
In office
March 20, 2008 – March 2, 2015
Nominated by Levy Mwanawasa
Preceded by David Lewanika
Succeeded by Marvin Mwanamwambwa
Personal details
Born (1952-03-31) March 31, 1952
Chiwoko Village, Chipata
Spouse(s) Major Joseph Mambilima (Retired)
Children Five children
Alma mater University of Zambia, (LL.B)
University of London, (LL.M)

Irene Chirwa Mambilima (born March 31, 1952) is the Chief Justice of Zambia, in office since 2015.

Prior to her appointment as Chief Justice, Mambilima was the Chairperson of the Electoral Commission of Zambia. In this position, she presided over Zambia's 2006, 2011 presidential and parliamentary elections, and the January 2015 presidential by-election. She has been part of several election observer missions including in Liberia, Kenya, Mozambique and Seychelles.[1] Other past international assignments have included serving as Sessional Judge of the Supreme Court of The Gambia.[2]

Justice Mambilima sits on the International Board of the International Association of Women Judges (IAWJ) as a Director of the Africa Region. She is also a member of a number of professional associations including the Zambia Association of Women Judges, the Editorial Board Council of Law Reporting, the Child Fund (Zambia), Women in Law Southern Africa, and the Council of the Institution of Advanced Legal Education.[3]

Mambilima's appointment as Chief Justice was unanimously ratified by the Zambian Parliament in February 2015, making her the country's first female Chief Justice.[4]

Education and background

Justice Mambilima holds a Bachelor of Laws (LL.B.) from the University of Zambia, a Post Graduate Diploma in Law Practice from the Law Practice Institute (now known as the Zambia Institute of Advanced Legal Education, ZIALE), and a Master of Laws (LL.M.) from the School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London.[5] She was admitted to the Zambian Bar in 1977 and in the same year appointed State Advocate under the Attorney General's Chambers.[6] She rose through the ranks, working in various capacities including as Director of Legal Aid, High Court Judge, Supreme Court Judge and Deputy Chief Justice.[7]

Supreme Court

In 2002 she was elevated to the Supreme Court bench. While serving as a Supreme Court Judge, she was seconded to the Electoral Commission of Zambia (ECZ) as Chairperson in 2005. In that capacity, she presided over the 2006 General Elections. In 2008 she was recalled from ECZ and appointed as Deputy Chief Justice.[8][9] During her tenure as Deputy Chief Justice she was seconded once more to the ECZ to preside over the 2011 General Elections, and 2015 Presidential by-election. She was appointed as Chief Justice in February 2015 and took the oath of office at State House on March 2, 2015.

Early decisions

Two of Justice Mambilima's most high-profile decisions have centred on the tribunals constituted to investigate alleged corruption and abuse of office by the former Transport and Communications Minister in the Rupiah Banda administration and the former Director of Public Prosecutions in the Michael Sata administration.

The tribunal to investigate Dora Siliya, former Transport and Communications Minister, was established to investigate allegations that she awarded contracts to two firms without following laid down procedures in violation of Parliamentary and Ministerial Code of Conduct Act.[10] The tribunal was set up in February 2009, and it's published findings[11] found Ms. Siliya in breach of multiple statutes, but left the resolution in the president's hands. Siliya did not face prosecution.

In the case of the former Director of Public Prosecutions, Mutembo Nchito, on March 16, 2015 Justice Mambilima swore in four members of the tribunal appointed by President Edgar Lungu to investigate him for alleged misconduct.[12] Nchito applied for Judicial Review of the tribunal proceedings, and the High Court granted a stay. Upon appeal by the state Justice Mambilima reserved ruling on the matter to a later date.[13] The tribunal proceedings remain unresolved.

Electoral Commission of Zambia

Chairperson

Justice Mambilima was first appointed as chairperson of Electoral Commission of Zambia (ECZ) in 2005, a position she held until March 2008. She had previously served as member of the commission between 1994 and 1996. She was later re-appointed as Chair in February 2011[14] and ratified by Parliament a month later. This followed the resignation of her successor Justice Florence Mumba during the controversy which saw then Executive Director Daniel Kalale suspended and later dismissed on unspecified grounds.[15] Justice Mumba's resignation was precipitated by a workers' strike against her leadership.[16] Mambilima's re-appointment by President Rupiah Banda was seen as a move to restore confidence in the commission, though speculation abounded that government fanned the confusion to force out Justice Mumba; a charge government denied.[17]

Various opposition party leaders and the leading private newspaper saw Justice Mambilima as government friendly, and this was illustrated in the run up to the 2011 general elections when she and the commission came under heavy criticism for the decision to print ballot papers in South Africa. Government Printing Department indicated its lack of capacity to complete the task, and in the subsequent procurement process Universal Print Group (Pty) Ltd. of Durban, South Africa was awarded the tender.[18] This move was seen as a scheme by the ruling MMD to print pre-marked ballots in a bid to rig the elections in their favour. There were multiple allegations of corruption but no official investigations were launched or validated by the Anti-Corruption Commission (ACC), and ECZ stood by its decision to use the firm.[19]

2006 General Elections

The 2006 general elections were held on 28 September. Opposition leader Michael Sata took an early lead in the count but as the majority of results came in his position slipped to third with the incumbent President Levy Mwanawasa taking a commanding lead. This announcement triggered protests by Sata’s supporters in the country’s capital, Lusaka and later spread to Kitwe, an industrial city in the copper mining region.[20] The protests were met with force by armed police. And the electoral commission delayed the announcement of more results because of the violence.

Sata alleged fraud citing that 400,000 votes in his strongholds were unaccounted for in the ongoing tally, and vowed to challenge the results. Justice Mambilima confirmed that the commission would investigate the complaints but none were substantiated.[21] Mwanawasa emerged victorious, securing a second term in office with 1,177,846 votes to Michael Sata’s 804,748. The president’s ruling party, Movement for Multi-Party Democracy (MMD), secured 45% of the seats in parliament, with the remainder split among the remaining parties. He was sworn into office on October 3, 2006 serving until his death on August 19, 2008.

2008 Presidential By-Elections

Following the death of President Levy Mwanawasa in office, a special presidential by-election was called to fill the vacancy. The main contenders were the country’s vice-president Rupiah Banda, Michael Sata and Hakainde Hichilema. Once again there were allegations of rigging by the ruling party, aided by the electoral commission. Justice Mambilima did not oversee these elections as ECZ chair as she had taken up her new position as Deputy Chief Justice. Her successor Justice Florence Mumba defended the commission’s work in difficult and unprecedented circumstances, and assured the nation that the elections would be conducted in a credible manner.[22] Rupiah Banda won by a narrow margin, and opposition protests similar to those in 2006 ensued. This did not change the outcome or compel the commission to call for a recount. Banda was sworn in as president on November 2, 2008[23] with his term ending in 2011.

The losing candidate, Michael Sata, continued to seek a recount and took his petition to court,[24] where the case made it to the Supreme Court. In her ruling, Justice Mambilima threw out the petition, declaring "...the application is refused...with costs."[25] The court deemed the petition premature since no evidence was given to support a recount. Sata discontinued his court action.

2011 General Elections

Zambia went to the polls on September 20, 2011 and as early results came through opposition leader Michael Sata was in the lead. Later it was shown on ECZ’s official website that Sata had widened his lead in 133 out of 150 constituencies but the site was later taken offline with the commission claiming it was hacked and that the results weren’t official. This led to an outcry that the commission was indeed working with the ruling party to rig the election in Rupiah Banda’s favour.

Justice Mambilima later appeared on national television to confirm the election results,[26] a first for a sitting ECZ chairperson. She also appealed for calm as tallying continued through the night. On September 23, 2011 Michael Sata was confirmed as the duly elected president of Zambia. Days later it was revealed that outgoing president Rupiah Banda resisted conceding defeat and Justice Mambilima threatened resignation in protest. This is largely unverified but accepted lore among Zambians[27] despite Justice Mambilima’s protestations.

After the new government was ushered in, she called for them to help decentralise ECZ, allowing them to hire full-time employees at district level to improve efficiencies and be funded appropriately. In the aftermath of these polls Mambilima was largely praised for the commission’s conduct. She was seen as tough and unyielding in the face of political pressure. However, with a slew of parliamentary results later overturned through the courts on various grounds such as electoral malpractice it has been questioned whether ECZ and other bodies were correct in declaring the polls free and fair.[28]

2015 Presidential By-elections

A presidential by-election was held on January 20, 2015 following the death of President Michael Sata. The election was tightly contested between the ruling Patriotic Front (PF) and opposition United Party for National Development (UPND), the parties that eventually finished first and runner-up, respectively.[29] With a charged atmosphere and violence seemingly imminent, Justice Mambilima took a firm stand and warned the two front-runners against trying to intimidate electoral staff. Justice Mambilima, who is sometimes called Zambia's 'iron lady' [30] in reference to her firmness, also warned against claiming electoral victory before the official announcement and inciting premature celebration among supporters.[31] The UPND wrote to Justice Mambilima claiming electoral malpractice by the PF and asking her not to declare a winner,[32] a request the Commission did not indulge. When Edgar Lungu was declared winner, the UPND accused the Electoral Commission of conniving with the PF to manipulate the results, an allegation that Justice Mambilima dismissed. She argued that the process had been transparent and the UPND had been represented at every stage and would therefore also be party to the rigging they were accusing the Commission of.[33] The following month, the UPND supported Justice Mambilima's ratification as Chief Justice.[34]

References

  1. ↑ "Judiciary of Zambia".
  2. ↑ "Parliament of Zambia".
  3. ↑ "IAWJ".
  4. ↑ Mambilima Appointment Ratified. Zambia Daily Mail, 27 February 2015
  5. ↑ "Judiciary of Zambia".
  6. ↑ "IAWJ".
  7. ↑ "Judiciary of Zambia".
  8. ↑ Mambilima Appointment Ratified. Highbeam Business, 20 March 2008
  9. ↑ "National Assembly Website". Debates - 19 March 2008.
  10. ↑ Acting Chief Justice to set up tribunal to probe Siliya. Lusakatimes, 27 February 2009
  11. ↑ "Dora Siliya Tribunal - Final Report".
  12. ↑ Nchito tribunal members sworn in. Zambia National Broadcasting Corporation, 16 March 2015.
  13. ↑ Supreme Court reserves ruling in Mutembo Nchito’s case. Lusakatimes, 2 December 2015.
  14. ↑ Judge Mambilima goes back to ECZ. Maravi Blog, 11 February 2011
  15. ↑ Justice Mumba resigns as ECZ Chairperson. Lusakatimes, 27 February 2011
  16. ↑ ECZ workers call off protests. Lusakatimes, 28 February 2011
  17. ↑ Jitters as Banda Picks Electoral Agency Boss. Africa Review, 16 February 2011.
  18. ↑ "Electoral Commission of Zambia Website".
  19. ↑ ECZ Chairperson Mambilima happy with printing of ballots. QFM Zambia, 30 August 2011
  20. ↑ Riots Spread as Incumbent Widens Lead in Zambia Vote. New York Times, 3 October 2006.
  21. ↑ Poll Victory for Zambia President. BBC News, 2 October 2006.
  22. ↑ ECZ Denies Vote-Rigging Claims. IOL News, 22 October 2008
  23. ↑ Rupiah Banda Sworn In as Zambian President. VOA News, 2 November 2008
  24. ↑ Sata Launches Court Challenge. Lusakatimes, 14 November 2008
  25. ↑ Zambia Court Rejects Recount Bid. IOL News, 11 March 2009.
  26. ↑ Zambia Opposition Leads Incumbent in Presidential Election. Bloomberg News, 21 September 2011.
  27. ↑ "Questia Magazine: Fighting for Power".
  28. ↑ 2011 General Elections were Free and Fair. Lusakatimes, 28 March 2014.
  29. ↑ "Electoral Commission of Zambia".
  30. ↑ "All Africa.Com".
  31. ↑ "The Post".
  32. ↑ "Zambian Eye".
  33. ↑ "Daily Nation".
  34. ↑ "Mwebantu".


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