Izumi Province

The characters 泉州 are also used for the name of the Chinese city of Quanzhou.

Map of Japanese provinces (1868) with Izumi Province highlighted.

Izumi Province (和泉国 Izumi no kuni) was a province of Japan.^[1] It is also referred to as Senshū (泉州^?) . It lay in Kinai, and its area today composes the south-western part of Osaka Prefecture (south of the Yamato River; not including the city of Osaka itself). The Ōshōji in Sakai was the border with Settsu Province, until the beginning of the Meiji period, when the boundary was changed to be at the Yamato River. Izumi was classified as a lower province in the Engishiki.

The northern part was called Senboku (泉北^?, "Izumi North") , and the southern part Sennan (泉南^?, "Izumi South") . Izumi included the southern portion of the large seaport of Sakai, and was usually held by whomever ruled Osaka Castle and Settsu Province.

Name

The name "Izumi" means "fountain" or "spring" (泉), but is written with two characters, the character for "peace" (和) being prepended due to an imperial edict in 713. This character does not play into the reading.

Because the provincial capital was in modern Fuchū town, Izumi city, Osaka Prefecture, the city adopted the name of the province as its name.

Development

According to the Shoku Nihongi, the Izumi and Hine districts were separated from Kawachi Province on 23 April 716; moreover, on 8 May that same year, the Ōtori District was also separated from Kawachi, and the three districts constructed Izumi-gen (和泉監^?) . The imperial villa of Chinu Palace (茅渟宮 Chinu no Miya, also known as Izumi Palace) was in Izumi, and it seems that this has something to do with the unusual classification of gen (監^?) : Yoshino-gen was the only other province with this designation. Afterwards, on 15 September 740, it was abolished and merged back into Kawachi province. On 30 May 757, it was re-established with a normal province designation kuni (国).

According to the Nihongi Ryaku, on 21 April 825, the four Settsu Province districts of Higashinari, Nishinari, Kudara, and Sumiyoshi were incorporated into Izumi Province, but the residents were opposed to it, so they were restored to Settsu on 8 August the same year.

In the Edo period, Kishiwada Domain (Koide tozama, Matsudaira/Matsui fudai, Okabe fudai; 30000–60000 koku) and Hakata Domain (Watanabe fudai; 13500 koku) were established.

Sometime in 1870 or 1871 (the beginning of the Meiji era), the boundary with Settsu Province was changed to the Yamato River (it was formerly the roads of Ōshōji and Nagao Kaidō).

Capital

The provincial capital was in the Izumi District, which is now around Fuchū, Izumi. The ruins of its buildings are being excavated.

The shugo's residence was right by the capital, but it was transferred to Sakai in the Muromachi period.

Shrines and temples

The only grand shrine was Ōtori Shrine in Ōtori District (Ōtorikita, Sakai), ranking among the Myōjin Taisha; it also became Izumi Province’s primary shrine. The secondary shrine was Izumi-Anashi Shrine (Toyonaka, Izumiōtsu); the tertiary shrine was Hijiri Shrine (Ōji, Izumi), the quaternary Tsugawa Shrine (Tsugawa, Kishiwada), and the quinary Hine Shrine (Hineno, Izumisano). However, Hine Shrine was listed as the quaternary shrine in a 1501 document. The sōja was the Five Shrine Sōja complex at Izumi-Inoue Shrine in the capital, where the kami of the above five shrines were also enshrined.

The provincial temple was Fukutoku-ji (Kokubu, Izumi). It was only for monks, there was no temple available for nuns.

Shugo

Kamakura shogunate

• 1196–1203 – Sahara Yoshitsura
• 1207–1221 – Emperor Go-Toba’s share
• 1221–1248 – The Henmi clan
• 1249–1261 – Hōjō Shigetoki
• 1279–1300 – Hōjō Tokimura
• 1313–1315 – Hōjō Hiroaki
• 1315–1333 – Hōjō Shigetoki

Muromachi shogunate

• 1336–1337 – Hatakeyama Kunikiyo
• 1337–1347 – Hosokawa Akiuji
• 1347–1349 – Kō no Moroyasu
• 1349–1351 – Hatakeyama Kunikiyo
• 1351–1352 – Hosokawa Akiuji
• 1352–1359 – Hosokawa Nariuji
• 1359–1360 – Hatakeyama Kunikiyo
• 1360–1361 – Hosokawa Nariuji
• 1369–1378 – Kusunoki Masanori
• 1378–1391 – Yamana Ujikiyo
• 1392–1399 – Ōuchi Yoshihiro
• 1400–1403 – Nishiki Yoshikazu
• 1407–1408 – The Oku clan
• 1408–1411 – Hosokawa Yorinaga
• 1408–1448 – Hosokawa Motoyuki
• 1411–1438 – Hosokawa Mochiari
• 1438–1450 – Hosokawa Kiyoharu
• 1448–1483 – Hosokawa Mochihisa
• 1450–1480 – Hosokawa Tsuneari
• 1480–1500 – Hosokawa Motoari
• 1487–1495 – Hosokawa Katsunobu
• 1500–1508 – Hosokawa Mototsune / Hosokawa Masahisa
• 1513–1523 – The Hosokawa clan
• 1523–1531 – Hosokawa Kurō
• 1523–? – Hosokawa Gorō
• 1536–1554 – Hosokawa Mototsune

Kami of Izumi

• Tachibana no Michisada
• Kakizaki Kageie
• Tōdō Takatora – First generation feudal lord of Tsu Domain in Ise Province.
• Tōdō Takatsugu – Second generation feudal lord of Tsu Domain in Ise Province.
• Tōdō Takahisa – Third generation feudal lord of Tsu Domain in Ise Province.
• Tōdō Takachika – Fourth generation feudal lord of Tsu Domain in Ise Province.
• Tōdō Takatoshi – Fifth generation feudal lord of Tsu Domain in Ise Province.
• Tōdō Takahora – Seventh generation feudal lord of Tsu Domain in Ise Province.
• Tōdō Takanaga – Eighth generation feudal lord of Tsu Domain in Ise Province.
• Tōdō Takasato – Ninth generation feudal lord of Tsu Domain in Ise Province.
• Tōdō Takasawa – Tenth generation feudal lord of Tsu Domain in Ise Province.
• Tōdō Takayuki – Eleventh generation feudal lord of Tsu Domain in Ise Province.
• Matsudaira Ienori – Lord of Iwamura Domain in Mino Province.
• Matsudaira Norinaga – Lord of Iwamura Domain in Mino Province, Hamamatsu Domain in Tōtōmi Province, and Tatebayashi Domain in Kōzuke Province; Rōjū.
• Matsudaira Norihisa – Lord of Tatebayashi Domain in Kōzuke Province and first generation Ōgyū Matsudaira feudal lord of Karatsu Domain in Hizen Province.
• Matsudaira Noriharu – Second generation Ōgyū Matsudaira feudal lord of Karatsu Domain in Hizen Province.
• Matsudaira Norisato – Third generation Ōgyū Matsudaira feudal lord of Karatsu Domain in Hizen Province. Lord of Toba Domain in Shima Province, Kameyama Domain in Ise Province, Yodo Domain in Yamashiro Province, and Sakura Domain in Shimōsa Province. Rōjū。
• Matsudaira Norisuke – Lord of Sakura Domain in Shimōsa Province, Yamagata Domain in Dewa Province, and first generation Ōgyū Matsudaira feudal lord of Nishio Domain in Mikawa Province.
• Matsudaira Norisada – Second generation Ōgyū Matsudaira feudal lord of Nishio Domain in Mikawa Province.
• Matsudaira Norihiro – Third generation Ōgyū Matsudaira feudal lord of Nishio Domain in Mikawa Province.
• Matsudaira Noriyasu – Fourth generation Ōgyū Matsudaira feudal lord of Nishio Domain in Mikawa Province and Rōjū.
• Matsudaira Noritsune – Fifth generation Ōgyū Matsudaira feudal lord of Nishio Domain in Mikawa Province.
• Tōyama Tomomasa – Fourth generation feudal lord of Naeki Domain in Mino Province.
• Tōyama Tomonaka – Seventh generation feudal lord of Naeki Domain in Mino Province.
• Tōyama Tomokiyo – Ninth generation feudal lord of Naeki Domain in Mino Province.
• Enomoto Takeaki

Historical districts

• Osaka Prefecture
  • Hine District (日根郡)
  • Izumi District (和泉郡)
  • Minami District (南郡)
  • Ōtori District (大鳥郡)

Meiji era reorganization

• Part of the area of Sumiyoshi District of Settsu Province (from the South Yamato River) was added into Ōtori District.
• Senboku District (泉北郡) – merger of Ōtori and Izumi Districts; creating a district that covered the former northern part of Izumi Province on April 1, 1896
• Sennan District (泉南郡) – merger of Minami and Hine Districts; creating a district that covered the former southern part of Izumi Province on April 1, 1896

Notes

1. Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric. (2005). "Provinces and prefectures" in Japan Encyclopedia, p. 780, p. 780, at Google Books.

References

• Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric and Käthe Roth. (2005). Japan encyclopedia. Cambridge: Harvard University Press. ISBN 978-0-674-01753-5; OCLC 58053128

External links

Media related to Izumi Province at Wikimedia Commons

• Murdoch's map of provinces, 1903