Józef Zawadzki (chemist)

Józef Zawadzki (July 14, 1886 in Warsaw – February 22, 1951 in Zalesie, near Warsaw) was a Polish physical chemist and technologist. Father of Tadeusz (Zośka) and Anna Zawadzka.

Zawadzki was a co-founder, President and Vice-President of the Polskie Towarzystwo Chemiczne. He was a professor (from 1923) and rector (1936–1939) of Warsaw University of Technology, and a member of the Polish Academy of Learning (since 1947).

The oldest and largest traditional lecture hall at the Warsaw University of Technology is named Prof. Józef Zawadzki Auditorium.^[1]

Research

His main field of research was physicochemical fundamentals of chemical technology. He was researching contact oxidation of ammonia, naphthalene and anthracene, mechanism of ammonia oxidation on platinum at low temperatures, reduction of iron dioxide by a methane, methods of obtaining aluminium oxide from Polish kaolinite and aluminosilicate, use of Polish anhydrite and gypsum deposit to production sulfuric acid and cementum, kinematics of thermal dissociation.

Under the German occupation of Poland during World War II, he was involved in the clandestine operation of the Warsaw University of Technology. Together with Marceli Struszyński, Zawadzki analyzed captured German V-2 rocket for its fuel composition. In 1947, he was recognized with a Doctor Honoris Causa.^[2]

Mechanism of ammonia oxidation on platinum at low temperatures

The mechanism of ammonia oxidation on platinum at low temperature was postulated by F. Rachsig (1927) and later adapted by Zawadzki (1948, 1950) to proceed via formation on imide (NH). In this proposal formation of nitroxyl and hydrazine (N₂H₄) is involved:^[3]

NH₃ + O_(a) → NH_(a) + H₂O

NH_(a) + O_(a) → HNO_(a) + *

NH_(a) + NH₃ → N₂H_4(a)

HNO_(a) + NH₃ → N₂H_4(a) + ½O₂

N₂H_4(a) + O₂ → N₂ + 2H₂O + *

Later, Y. M. Fogel (1964) disproved the Zawadzki theory that NH is formed via the oxidation of ammonia. In his proposal, NO is an important intermediate of the reaction. The formation of N₂O is not detected, therefore the mechanism does not involve its production.^[3]

Works

• Technologia chemiczna nieorganiczna vol. 1–2 (1948–1949)

Notes

1. The Faculty of Chemistry - Official Page, Warsaw University of Technology, retrieved 2008-05-28. Archived April 30, 2008, at the Wayback Machine.
2. Technikum Chemiczne nr 3 in Warsaw, Poland, retrieved 2008-05-28. Archived May 16, 2008, at the Wayback Machine.
3. Sobczyk (2003), p. 6.

References

• Broek, Arnoldus Cornelis Maria van den (1998). Low temperature oxidation of ammonia over platinum and iridium catalysts (PDF). ISBN 90-386-0628-1.
• Sobczyk, Dariusz Piotr (2003). Positron emission profiling study of ammonia oxidation on platinum (PDF). ISBN 90-386-3034-4.
• "Zawadzki Józef". Internetowa encyklopedia PWN (in Polish). Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN. Retrieved 2007-12-01.
• "Zawadzki Józef". WIEM Encyklopedia (in Polish). Retrieved 2007-12-01.