James Calfhill

The Venerable James Calfhill M.A., D.D.
Archdeacon of Colchester
Church	Church of England
Province	Canterbury
Diocese	London
In office	1565–1570
Predecessor	John Pullain
Successor	George Withers
Other posts	Bishop-designate of Worcester
Orders
Ordination	14 January 1559 (deacon) 9 June 1560 (priest)
Personal details
Born	1530? Edinburgh, Scotland
Died	August 1570 (aged c. 40) Bocking, Essex, England
Denomination	Anglican
Alma mater	Eton College, King's College, Cambridge, Christ Church, Oxford

James Calfhill (also Calfield) (1530?–1570) was an Anglican clergyman, academic and controversialist, who died as Archdeacon of Colchester and Bishop-designate of Worcester.

Life

He was a native of Edinburgh, was educated at Eton College, and entered King's College, Cambridge, in 1545.^[1] In 1548 he was appointed a student of the new foundation of Christ Church, Oxford. He graduated B.A. 1549, M.A. 1552, B.D. 1561, and D.D. 1565–6.^[2]

Calfhill was ordained deacon on 14 January 1559, and in the same month instituted to the rectory of West Horsley, Surrey. He took priest's orders on 9 June 1560, and became canon of Christ Church Cathedral, Oxford on 5 July following. In 1561 Calfhill superintended the reinterment of the remains of Catherine, wife of Peter Martyr, at Christ Church.^[3] He had the bones of Catherine and relics of Frideswide intermingled.^[4]

In May 1562 Calfhill became rector of St. Andrew Wardrobe, London, and was proctor both for the clergy of London and the chapter of Oxford in the convocation of 1563, where he was a conspicuous "precisian", with Arthur Saul. On 14 December 1562 he was presented by the queen to the penitentiaryship of St. Paul's and the annexed prebend of St. Pancras.^[2][5]

On 18 February 1564 he was appointed Lady Margaret professor of divinity at Oxford. On 4 May 1565 he became rector of Bocking, Essex, appointed by Archbishop Matthew Parker, and on 16 July became archdeacon of Colchester. He applied unsuccessfully to secretary Cecil for the provostship of King's College, Cambridge, in 1569. In 1570 he was nominated to the bishopric of Worcester, vacant by the translation of Edwin Sandys to London, but died in August at Bocking before election or consecration. He left a widow, to whom administration of his effects was granted on 21 August 1570.^[2]

Calfhill is said to have been a cousin of Tobias Matthew, whom he persuaded to take orders.^[2]

Works

Calfhill was a staunch Calvinist. A friend of John Foxe praised an eloquent sermon preached by him at St. Paul's Cross in January 1561, bewailing the bondage of Oxford to the "papistical yoke". Walter Haddon complained to Archbishop Parker in July 1564 of a sermon preached by Calfhill before the queen, as shrill and lacking in required wit for the court;^[6] and in 1568 he preached two sermons at Bristol in defence of John Calvin, against Richard Cheyney, bishop of Gloucester, who then held Bristol in commendam. The bishop complains that Calfhill would not share a meal with him afterwards;^[2] with John Northbrooke Calfhill had attacked Cheyney's views on free will.^[5]

During Queen Mary's reign Calfhill published some Latin verses in reply to some composed by Bishop John White of Lincoln, in honour of the queen's marriage. Sapientiæ Solomonis liber carmine redditus, dedicated to Queen Elizabeth, 15 May 1559 (Royal MSS. 2 D ii.) records the fact that he met Elizabeth at Hanworth in 1554.^[2][3]

His major work was an Answer to the Treatise of the Crosse (1565), against John Martiall, who had dedicated his book to Queen Elizabeth on hearing that she had retained the cross in her chapel. Martiall replied, and was answered in turn by William Fulke. It was edited for the Parker Society by Richard Gibbings in 1846. He also wrote:^[2]

• Querela Oxoniensis academiæ ad Cantabrigam (a Latin poem on the death of Henry and Charles Brandon), 1552.
• Historia de exhumatione Catherinæ nuper uxoris Pet. Martyris (included in a volume of pieces relating to Martin Bucer, edited by Conrade Hubert in 1562). It includes two Latin poems and two epigrams by Calfhill on the same occasion.
• Poemata varia.

A lost Latin tragedy Progne was performed for Queen Elizabeth in 1564 (or 1566). It is believed, based on an account left by John Bereblock, to have been based on Gregorio Corraro's version of Ovid's story of Procne, which was published in 1558.^[7][8]

Notes

1. "Calfhill, James (CLFL545J)". A Cambridge Alumni Database. University of Cambridge.
2.  "Calfhill, James". Dictionary of National Biography. London: Smith, Elder & Co. 1885–1900.
3. Usher, Brett. "Calfhill, James". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/4390. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
4. Mary E. Burke (2000). Women, Writing, and the Reproduction of Culture in Tudor and Stuart Britain. Syracuse University Press. pp. 235–6. ISBN 978-0-8156-2815-6. Retrieved 11 November 2012.
5. Skeeters, Martha C. "Northbrooke, John". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/20323. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
6. Peter E. McCullough (1998). Sermons at Court: Politics and Religion in Elizabethan and Jacobean Preaching. Cambridge University Press. p. 78. ISBN 978-0-521-59046-4. Retrieved 11 November 2012.
7. Jayne Elisabeth Archer; Elizabeth Goldring; Sarah Knight (29 March 2007). The Progresses, Pageants, and Entertainments of Queen Elizabeth I. Oxford University Press. p. 6. ISBN 978-0-19-160879-7. Retrieved 11 November 2012.
8. Michele Marrapodi A. J. Hoenselaars (1998). The Italian World of English Renaissance Drama: Cultural Exchange and Intertextuality. University of Delaware Press. p. 78. ISBN 978-0-87413-638-8. Retrieved 11 November 2012.

Attribution

 "Calfhill, James". Dictionary of National Biography. London: Smith, Elder & Co. 1885–1900.

External links

• Works by James Calfhill at Post-Reformation Digital Library
• An answer to John Martiall's Treatise of the cross (1846)