James Wright (governor)
| James Wright | |
|---|---|
 Portrait by Andrea Soldi | |
| 7th colonial governors of Georgia | |
|
In office 1760–1776 | |
| Preceded by | Henry Ellis |
| Succeeded by | Archibald Campbell |
| Personal details | |
| Born |
May 8, 1716 London, England |
| Died |
November 20, 1785 (aged 69) London |
| Spouse(s) | One son; Died 6 years later |
| Profession | Lawyer, jurist, governor |
| Religion | Catholic |
James Wright (May 8, 1716 – November 20, 1785) was an American colonial lawyer and jurist who was the last British Royal Governor of the Province of Georgia. He was the only Royal Governor of the Thirteen Colonies to regain control of his colony during the American Revolutionary War.
Biography
James Wright was born in London to Robert Wright. In 1730 his father accompanied Robert Johnson to the Province of South Carolina and served as its Chief Justice until 1739. James followed soon after and began the practice of law in Charleston. In 1747 James was named colonial attorney-general.[1] He also began amassing plantation lands.
Wright returned to London as an agent for the South Carolina colony in 1757. Then, in May 1760, he was named as Lieutenant Governor to Henry Ellis in Georgia. He returned to America and took up residence in Savannah, Georgia. When Ellis resigned he was appointed Governor in November 1760. He was the third, and arguably most popular, Royal Governor of the colony. He sold many of his holdings in South Carolina, acquired land in Georgia, and moved his financial operations as well. With peace temporarily established with the French and Spanish, he successfully negotiated with the Indians and the Crown to open new lands to development. In his early administration, the new lands and economic improvement fostered the development of the Georgia colony.[2]
His first troubles came with the Stamp Act of 1765. But, in spite of efforts by the Sons of Liberty to block its implementation, Georgia was the only colony to import and actually use the revenue stamps. In 1768, Wright established the 12,000 acre settlement known as Wrightsboro, Georgia. Wrightsboro was set aside for displaced Quakers from North Carolina[3] and became home to William Few when his family fled North Carolina after their farm had been burned and James Few, William's brother had been hanged without a trial. As the American Revolution gathered momentum, Georgia remained the most loyal colony—due in part to its recent settlement, with many residents having direct ties through kinship in Great Britain, and, in part as well, to Wright's able administration. Georgia did not send delegates to the First Continental Congress in 1774.
By 1775, the revolutionary spirit had reached Georgia through the Committees of Correspondence and he dismissed the assembly. But a revolutionary congress met that summer in Savannah and elected delegates to the Second Continental Congress. Then, in early 1776, following the arrival of a small British fleet, rebel forces entered his home and briefly took him prisoner. Wright escaped on February 11, 1776 to the safety of the HMS Scarborough, and sent a letter to his council. The congress and the Council adjourned without answering him.
For a time, Wright continued negotiations. He was even able to trade with the rebels to keep his offshore troops and ships supplied. But the differences continued to escalate. When his attempt to retake Savannah with naval forces failed, he returned to England.
By 1778, Governor Wright convinced the government to lend him enough troops to once again attempt to take Savannah. After some short but sharp fights, he regained control of Savannah on December 29, 1778. While never fully in control of the state, he did restore large areas within Georgia to colonial rule, making this the only colony that was regained by the British once they had been expelled. He led a successful defense against several American and French attempts to capture the city. When the war was lost, he withdrew on July 11, 1782 and retired to England.
Wright's extensive properties were seized by the revolutionary governments in South Carolina and Georgia. He died in London, and is interred at Westminster Abbey.
Wright's offspring
James F. Cook in his book The Governors of Georgia 1754-2004 states that Sir James Wright (1716-1785) and Sarah Maidman (died 1763) had nine children. They were:
- Sir James Wright (1747–1816), the 2nd Baronet. He married Sarah Williamson Smith,[4] daughter of Captain John Smith and Elizabeth Williamson (other sources such as Burke's Peerage of 1833 incorrectly call her Mary Smith, daughter of John Smith, a former governor of South Carolina) and died without issue.
- Sarah (1744–?), who went with her father Sir James Wright and her brothers James, Alexander and Charles to Jamaica with other family members, where they were granted land,[5] and later to England to join her father, where she married William Bartram of Norfolk, a Jacobite.
- Alexander (1751–?), who was a Loyalist and lost his America estates. He moved to Jamaica and married Elizabeth Izard, daughter of John Izard and niece of Congressman Ralph Izard. He was the father of the Sir James Alexander Wright, the 3rd Baronet[6] and of John Izard Wright, the father of Sir John Wright, the 4th Baronet.[7]
- Charles
- Ann (1749–?), who married British Admiral James Wallace
- Elizabeth
- Charlotte
- Mary (1742–1763, at sea with her mother)
- Isabella, who married General Thomas Barrow in 1757
References
Lee, Sidney, ed. (1900). "Wright, James (1716-1785)". Dictionary of National Biography. 63. London: Smith, Elder & Co.
- ↑ Deaton, Stan. "James Wright (1716-1785)". New Georgia Encyclopedia. Retrieved 14 May 2016.
- ↑ Wright, James. "Answers to queries sent by the Lords of Trade [in] 1761, 1762". Southeastern Native American Documents, 1730-1842. Retrieved 14 May 2016.
- ↑ Historic Wrightsboro. exploregeorgia.org. Retrieved July 22, 2013.
- ↑ Letters of Robert Mackay to His Wife: Written from Ports in America and England 1795-1816, by Walter Charlton Hartridge
- ↑ http://jamaicanfamilysearch.com/Samples2/Americanloyalists.htm
- ↑ A General and Heraldic Dictionary of the Peerage and Baronetage of the British Empire, Volume 2, by John Burke (1833)
- ↑ Kimber, Edward (1771). The baronetage of England : containing a genealogical and historical account of all the English baronets now existing. London: G. Woodfall. Retrieved 14 May 2016.