Jeff Chandler

For other people named Jeff Chandler, see Jeff Chandler (disambiguation).
Jeff Chandler

Chandler in 1958
Born Ira Grossel
(1918-12-15)December 15, 1918
Brooklyn, New York, U.S.
Died June 17, 1961(1961-06-17) (aged 42)
Culver City, California, U.S.
Cause of death Surgical complications
Resting place Hillside Memorial Park Cemetery, Culver City
Years active 1945–1961
Religion Judaism
Spouse(s) Marjorie Hoshelle (m. 1946–54)
Children Jamie Tucker (1947–2003)
Dana Grossel (1949–2002)[1][2]

Jeff Chandler (born Ira Grossel; December 15, 1918 – June 17, 1961) was an American actor, film producer and singer best remembered for playing Cochise in Broken Arrow (1950), for which he was Oscar nominated. He was one of Universal International's most popular male stars of the 1950s, his best known other credits including Sword in the Desert (1948), Female on the Beach (1955) and Away All Boats (1956). He was notable for being gray-haired at an early age, and for releasing a number of successful recording singles.

Early life

Chandler was born Ira Grossel to a Jewish family in the Brooklyn borough of New York City, the only child of Anna (née Herman) and Phillip Grossel.[3] He was raised by his mother after his parents separated when he was a child.

He attended Erasmus Hall High School, the alma mater of many stage and film personalities, where he acted in school plays; his school mates included Susan Hayward. Chandler's father was connected with the restaurant business and got his son a job as a restaurant cashier. Chandler said he always wanted to act, but courses for commercial art were cheaper, so he studied art for a year and worked as a layout artist for a mail order catalogue at $18 a week.[4][5]

Eventually he saved up enough money to take a drama course at the Feagin School of Dramatic Art in New York. He worked briefly in radio, then got a job in a stock company on Long Island as an actor and stage manager. He worked for two years in stock companies, including a performance of The Trojan Horse opposite Gordon MacRae and his wife, who became good friends.[6][7]

Chandler formed his own company, the Shady Lane Playhouse, in Illinois in the summer of 1941. This toured the Midwest with some success, presenting such plays as The Bad Man, Seventh Heaven, The New Minister and Pigs.[8] When America entered World War Two and Chandler enlisted in the army.[5] He served for four years, mostly in the Aleutians, finishing with the rank of lieutenant.[9]

Radio

After being discharged from the Army, Chandler moved to Los Angeles in December 1945 with $3,000 he had saved. Shortly after his arrival he was involved in a serious car accident on the way to a screen test, which resulted in a large scar on his forehead.[10]

Chandler initially struggled to find work in Hollywood and had spent all his savings when he got his first job as a radio actor in May 1946.[11] He went on to appear in episodes of anthology drama series such as Escape and Academy Award Theater, and became well known for playing the lead in Michael Shayne. Chandler was the first actor to portray Chad Remington in Frontier Town.

Early film roles

Chandler had appeared on air in Rogue's Gallery with Dick Powell, who was impressed by the actor and put pressure on Columbia to give Chandler his first film role, a one-line part as a gangster in Johnny O'Clock (1947).[12][13] He tested for Columbia's The Loves of Carmen[14] and did not get it but went on to play small roles as gangsters in Roses are Red and The Invisible Wall, and a policeman in Mr Belvedere Goes to College. He received more attention playing Eve Arden's boyfriend on radio in Our Miss Brooks, which debuted in July 1948 and became a massive hit.[15]

Sword in the Desert

Chandler's performance in Our Miss Brooks brought him to the attention of executives at Universal, who were looking for someone to play an Israeli leader in Sword in the Desert (1948). He was cast in February 1949.[16] Chandler impressed studio executives so much with his work that shortly into filming Universal signed him to a seven-year contract. His first movie under the arrangement was a supporting role in Abandoned (1949).[17]

Jeff Chandler at Capernaum during a visit to Israel in 1959

Broken Arrow and stardom

"In February 1953, I was making a second picture with Jeff Chandler, one called War Arrow. Jeff was a real sweetheart, but acting with him was like acting with a broomstick"

- Maureen O'Hara on acting with Chandler in War Arrow (2004).

Writer-director Delmer Daves was looking for an actor to play Cochise in a Western, Broken Arrow (1950), over at 20th Century Fox. The part was proving tricky to cast; in Chandler's words, "Fox were looking for a guy big enough physically to play the role and unfamiliar enough to moviegoers to lend authenticity."[7] Chandler's performance as a similar resistance-leader-type in Sword of the Desert brought him to the studio's attention and he was borrowed from Universal for the role in May 1949.[18] As part of the arrangement Chandler signed a deal with Fox to make a movie a year with them for six years. He also had to be written out of his radio shows Michael Shayne and Our Miss Brooks for several weeks.[13][19]

Broken Arrow turned out to be a considerable hit, earning Chandler an Oscar nomination and establishing him as a star. He was the first actor nominated for an Academy Award for portraying an American Indian.

Even before Broken Arrow was released, Chandler was upped to leading man status back at Universal. He was meant to make Death on a Sidestreet[20] and The Lady Count[21] but neither ended up being made. Instead he took over a role originally meant for Dana Andrews, a Lucky Luciano-style gangster in Deported, for producer Robert Buckner, who cast him in Sword in the Desert. "I don't know why I got it," Chandler joked at the time, "maybe it's because I'm saving them money."[22] The movie was shot on location in Italy, although Chandler's radio commitments meant some of it had to be filmed in Hollywood.

It was back to Fox for his second film for them, as an embittered Union cavalryman in Two Flags West for director Robert Wise. Chandler replaced Lee J. Cobb and it was one of his least typical roles, a character part rather than a leading man. Once again, location work required him to regularly commute back and forth to Hollywood throughout the shoot.[23]

Returning to Universal, Chandler played an adventurer in Smuggler's Island, a role he liked because he said was close to his real personality.[11] However Hollywood tended to cast him in different nationalities. According to one profile, "he has unusual face, with taut, bony features which seem to fit neatly into any sort of role."[24]

He was reunited with Fox and Delmer Daves to play a Polynesian chief in Bird of Paradise (1951), which Chandler admitted was a variation of his performance as Cochise.[11][13] It would be the last film he made outside Universal for a number of years.

Back at Universal, he played a boxer in Iron Man (1951), a remake of an old Lew Ayres movie. He was announced for another film with Buckner, The Wild Bunch,[25] which wasn't made; instead he played an Arab chief in Flame of Araby (1951), opposite Maureen O'Hara.

Around this time Chandler expressed his dissatisfaction with acting in film as opposed to radio:

[Radio actors] have to make their roles come alive, and they only have their voices with which to do it. But in pictures the technique is quite different. The actor is only a small part of the performance. He lends his intelligence and personality to the role, but the greatest part of the performance belongs to the producer, who puts him in a certain type of part; the director, who tells him how to play it; and the cutter, who edits what's done. That's why I find being a movie actor not particularly gratifying. I want to eventually branch off into writing and directing.[11]

Chandler reprised his role as Cochise in another Western, The Battle at Apache Pass, for Universal. He then went on to make a war film, Red Ball Express, and a swashbuckler, Yankee Buccaneer. He made a cameo in Meet Danny Wilson'[26] and had a change of pace when he supported Loretta Young in Because of You - which a few years later he called his favorite role.[27] Young later said Chandler "was more of a personality than an actor... a charming man."Funk, Edward (2015). Eavesdropping: Loretta Young Talks about her Movie Years. Bear Manor Media. p. 339. 

In 1952 exhibitors voted Chandler the 22nd most popular star in the US.[28] 20th Century-Fox was keen to use Chandler again and offered him roles in The Day the Earth Stood Still, Lydia Bailey, Les Misérables and The Secret of Convict Lake.[4] However, Universal refused to loan him out as he was now one of their biggest stars.

Our Miss Brooks transferred to television but Chandler was not permitted to do TV under his contract; his part was taken by Bob Rockwell.[29] On Peggy Lee's radio show he had demonstrated a talent for singing and he pursued this through the decade.[30]

New contract

In July 1952 Chandler signed a fresh contract with Universal which doubled his salary.[31][32] His first movie under this was a Western, The Great Sioux Uprising. It was followed by more adventure fare: East of Sumatra and War Arrow with Maureen O'Hara.

This meant Chandler missed out on the part of Demetrius in The Robe (1953) at Fox, for which he had been considered and which eventually went to Victor Mature.[33] He also missed out on the lead in the remake of Magnificent Obsession, for which he had been mooted; the part was taken by Rock Hudson who had supported Chandler in Iron Man.[34] Both The Robe and Magnificent Obsession became big hits. Chandler played Cochise for the third time, a cameo in Taza, Son of Cochise, starring Hudson, who soon overtook Chandler as Universal's biggest male star.[4]

Universal announced him for Chief Crazy Horse[35] but the role ended up being played by Victor Mature. Instead he appeared in Yankee Pasha and started singing in nightclubs.[36] He left the radio show Our Miss Brooks after five years "to get a rest," he said. "Although it didn't take long to do the show, it tied up all my Sundays".[37]

Chandler appeared in an expensive (for Universal) epic, playing the Emperor Marcian in Sign of the Pagan and co-starred against Jane Russell in Foxfire (1955) which he enjoyed because "I don't have to be so darned monosyllabic in this one."[38] He then made Female on the Beach with Joan Crawford and began releasing records.

Conflicts with Universal

In 1954 Chandler was starting to gripe about his workload:

You just can't call your time your own. When you're trekking the country - as I am now for my Decca records "I Should Care" and "More Than Anyone" and for Universal International, my home studio - every hour of the day, from the morning disc jockeys to the midnight program is filled. And in Hollywood, if you're not working on a picture or getting ready for one, you have to keep studying. I make a point of answering all my mail and when anyone asks me for an autograph I'm not just flattered.I see that as the least I can do for the people who have given me the fruits of this world.[4]

In May Chandler refused to play the lead in Six Bridges to Cross and Universal put him on suspension.[39] He was replaced in the role by George Nader. Chandler spoke of making Young Moses and a Western with friends Tony Curtis and Janet Leigh, but neither was made.[40] He announced "being a movie star isn't worth it", complaining that:

I can't go anywhere as an ordinary individual. There was a time I could walk around Times Square in New York (my home town) and look into shop windows or go into a cafe and eat in peace. But no more. I can't go anywhere unnoticed. Movie fans seem to think that actors belong to them but we like to feel we belong to ourselves. Don't get me wrong - I wanted fame and money when I decided to take up acting. I like being recognised - it's flattering. But there's always one character who spoils anything... I walk into a restaurant and get a ringside table- but you remember I also have to leave the biggest tip. If I don't, I'm labeled the tightest guy in town. And let's face it, acting is the easiest way I know to make a buck. But I think I'm a fairly bright boy - I figure I could have made as much in some other business... Anyone in the world with imagination and initiative can become a success. Me? I like to push buttons. I was born to be an executive - an idea man. An executive is a guy who thinks things up and has other people execute them. I'd quit work immediately if I had the money, and travel for a while. I'd like to do some writing. I marked two radio scripts and have finished synopses and five movie stories.[27]

Chandler made up with Universal[41] who cast him in Lady Godiva of Coventry. Chandler refused the role and was replaced again by George Nader. However this time the dispute was not over money but due to Chandler's over work.[42]

Universal cast Chandler an expensive remake of The Spoilers, then was given the lead in one of the studio's most prestigious films of the year, Away All Boats.[43]

In May Chandler performed at the Riviera Hotel in Las Vegas. The Los Angeles Times wrote that Chandler "is proving remarkable in performing singing duty, even though he is not exactly a singing type." [44]

He made a Western, Pillars in the Sky, then had a change of pace with the comedy The Toy Tiger, the fourth movie he made that year. Louella Parsons called Chandler "the busiest actor in town... Jeff is so happy in his private life these days that he's doing everything the studio wants."[45]

Towards the end of the year, Chandler formed his own production company, Earlmar, with his agent, Meyer Mishkin. This was to take effect from August 1956 onwards, with Chandler's exclusive contract with Universal expired. However Chandler intended to continue to make films for Universal under a multi-picture contract.[46] He was voted the seventh most popular star with British cinemagoers.[47]

Producer and New Contract with Universal

In 1956, Universal gave Chandler a leave of absence from his contract with them "for a period of several months" to enable him to make his own movie for Earlmar. In exchange for this, Chandler was to make two more films for Universal until his original contract with them, then enter into a new arrangement under which he would appear in two films a year over three years.[48]

Earlmar signed a six-picture deal with United Artists, under which Chandler was to appear in at least three of the films.[49] He acted in and produced the first Earlmar production, a Western, Drango. "It's no Indian story," said Chandler, "let Cochise rest in peace."[50][51] Chandler bought the rights to a novel, Lincoln McEever but it was never made; Drango would turn out to be Earlmar's sole production.

After Drango Chandler made the final two films owing under his original contract with Universal: The Tattered Dress, playing a lawyer in a melodrama, and Man in the Shadow, co-starring opposite Orson Welles. He had commitments to make two films a year at Universal until 1959.[52]

Freelance star

Chandler then moved over to Columbia and acted with Kim Novak in Jeanne Eagels, a popular "biopic".

He followed this with two films for Universal, The Lady Takes a Flyer, with Lana Turner and Raw Wind in Eden, with Esther Williams.[53] A Motion Picture Exhibitor Poll listed him as the tenth most popular male star in the US in 1957.[54]

Chandler made another for Universal, A Stranger in My Arms with June Allyson. He was allegedly due to star in Operation Petticoat (1959) but fell ill and had to pull out.[10]

Chandler's next two movies were made for a brand new company, Seven Arts: Ten Seconds to Hell, a bomb disposal drama shot in Germany with Jack Palance for director Robert Aldrich, and Thunder in the Sun, a Western with Susan Hayward.

The last of those was distributed by Paramount, who also released Chandler's next film, another Western, The Jayhawkers.[55] In Ten Seconds to Hell and The Jayhawkers Chandler played villains. He later reflected "I've tried heavies - but audiences didn't seem to take to that."[56]

Chandler formed another production company, August, for which he made The Plunderers, a Western, distributed by Allied Artists.[57] Allied were so pleased with the film they requested three more movies from August, but Chandler never got to make them.[56]

His next film, The Story of David, was filmed for American TV - his first work in that medium - but shown theatrically in other countries.[58] It was shot in London and Israel. Chandler stated:

I don't want to make pictures in other countries; I want to stay home. But suddenly there are not enough pictures being made here. All other countries are giving inducements to companies and to players; even a little country like Israel is trying to formulate a plan for subsidy. Our government still taxes the hell out of people; somebody ought to wake 'em up.[56]

Chandler appeared in Return to Peyton Place for Fox. He then went over to Warner Bros to make Merrill's Marauders, which would be his last film.

Singing

Chandler had a concurrent career as a singer and recording artist, releasing several albums and playing nightclubs. In 1955 he became only the second star to play at the Riviera, after Liberace was the featured headliner. In her autobiography Hold the Roses (2002), Rose Marie wrote that "Jeff Chandler was a great guy, but he was no singer. He put together an act and we opened at the Riviera. He came with a conductor, piano player, light man, press agent, and manager. None of it helped". And "Everybody raved about Jeff's singing, but let's face it: He really didn’t sing very well. He definitely had guts to open in Vegas". He left to work on a movie after three and a half weeks.

Personal life

Chandler married actress Marjorie Hoshelle (1918–1989) in 1946. The couple had two daughters, Jamie Tucker (1947–2003) and Dana Grossel (1949–2002). They separated in 1951[59] and 1954,[60] actually divorcing in 1954. His wife complained that Chandler was "chronically fatigued so that he would fall asleep wherever we were." [61] However they reconciled a few months later.[62] In 1957 he had an affair with Esther Williams while making a movie together and his wife filed for divorce at the end of the year.[63]

In his 1958 divorce proceedings it was revealed Chandler was paying his wife an allowance of $1,500 a month. He said he was under contract to Universal to make two films a year, at $60,000 a film for 1957 and $75,000 a film for 1958. He said he earned $250,000 in 1957 from his acting and singing but had a lot of expenses, with his personal manager, business manager and agent taking 25% of his income.[64] The court ordered Chandler to continue paying $1,500 a month.[65] Their divorce was granted in June 1959, with Chandler giving his wife $100,000 and over $2,166 a month in alimony plus $500 a month in child support. "He became so absorbed by his career that he spent all time when not actually working on a picture in his business office," said his wife. "I developed an ulcer." [66]

Chandler was also involved in a will dispute concerning his stepfather in 1960.[67]

When his friend Sammy Davis, Jr. lost an eye in an accident and was in danger of losing the other, Chandler offered to give Davis one of his own eyes.[68] Chandler himself had nearly lost an eye and had been visibly scarred in an auto accident years earlier.

Chandler had a romance with Gloria De Haven that was exposed in Confidential Magazine. At a trial, Fred Otash said the detectives had followed them to get the story.[69]

He was romantically linked with Esther Williams, who claimed in her 1999 autobiography Chandler was a cross dresser and she broke off the relationship. According to the Los Angeles Times, many friends and colleagues of Chandler's rejected Williams' claims. Jane Russell commented, "I've never heard of such a thing. Cross-dressing is the last thing I would expect of Jeff. He was a sweet guy, definitely all man."[70]

He also dated Ann Sheridan.[71]

Chandler's public support for Israel's 1956 attack on Egypt during the Suez Crisis, prompted the United Arab Republic to ban his films in Arab countries in 1960.[5]

He represented the Screen Actors Guild during talks throughout the 1960 actors strike.[72]

Death

While working on Merrill's Marauders in the Philippines, on April 15, 1961, Chandler injured his back while playing baseball with U.S. Army Special Forces soldiers who served as extras in the film. He had injections to deaden the pain and enable him to finish the production.[73]

On May 13, 1961, he entered a Culver City hospital and had surgery for a spinal disc herniation. There were severe complications; an artery was damaged and Chandler hemorrhaged. On May 17, in a seven-and-a-half-hour emergency operation over-and-above the original surgery, he was given 55 pints of blood. A third operation followed, on May 27, where he received an additional 20 pints of blood.[74] He died on June 17, 1961. The cause was a blood infection complicated by pneumonia.[75]

At the time of his death, Chandler was romantically involved with British actress Barbara Shelley. Tony Curtis and Gerald Mohr were among the pallbearers at Chandler's funeral, which was attended by more than 1,500 people.[76] He was buried at Hillside Memorial Park Cemetery in Culver City.[77]

An investigation ensued into Chandler's death.[78] It was deemed malpractice and resulted in his children suing the hospital for $1.5 million.[12][79][80][81]

Chandler's own estate was worth $600,000, which he left to his daughters.[78][82] His wife sued his estate for $80,000 in money owing under their divorce settlement.[83]

For his contribution to the motion picture industry, Chandler has a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame, at 1770 Vine Street.

Critical appraisal

Film historian David Shipman once wrote this analysis of Chandler:

Jeff Chandler looked as though he had been dreamed up by one of those artists who specialise in male physique studies or, a mite further up the artistic scale, he might have been plucked bodily from some modern mural on a biblical subject. For that he had the requisite Jewishness (of which he was very proud) – and he was not quite real. Above all, he was impossibly handsome. He would never have been lost in a crowd, with that big, square, sculpted 20th century face and his prematurely grey wavy hair. If the movies had not found him the advertising agencies would have done – and in fact, whenever you saw a still of him you looked at his wrist-watch or pipe before realising that he wasn't promoting something. In the coloured stills and on posters his studio always showed his hair as blue, heightening the unreality. His real name was Ira Grossel and his film-name was exactly right.[9]

An obituary of Chandler said

Known for his careful attention to detail in making pictures, Chandler was often described as introverted. But colleagues who worked with him closely said he had an easy, light-hearted approach on the set that helped ease some of the strain of production.[5]

Influence

The famed animated action-adventure series Jonny Quest's handsome, white-haired, veteran special agent bodyguard Race Bannon's design was modeled after Jeff Chandler.

Chandler's name came up in a murder trial in Britain. Evidence was submitted of a love letter where a party wrote "you are my Jeff Chandler". The judge asked defence counsel who Jeff Chandler was.[84]

Filmography

Year Title Role Notes
1945 Thrill of a Romance Singer Uncredited
1947 Johnny O'Clock Turk Film debut, Uncredited
1947 The Invisible Wall Al Conway, henchman
1947 Roses Are Red Knuckles
1949 Mr. Belvedere Goes to College Pratt Uncredited
1949 Sword in the Desert Asvan Kurta Led to Chandler signing a long-term contract with Universal
1949 Abandoned Chief MacRae Alternative title: Abandoned Woman
1950 Broken Arrow Cochise Academy Award nomination for Best Supporting Actor
1950 Deported Vic Smith
1950 The Desert Hawk Opening Off-Screen Narrator Uncredited
1950 Abbott and Costello in the Foreign Legion Narrator Voice, Uncredited
1950 Two Flags West Major Henry Kenniston
1951 Double Crossbones Narrator Voice, Uncredited
1951 Bird of Paradise Tenga
1951 Smuggler's Island Steve Kent
1951 Iron Man Coke Mason
1951 Meet Danny Wilson Jeff Chandler - Nightclub Patron Cameo, Uncredited
1951 Flame of Araby Tamerlane Alternative title: Flame of the Desert
1952 The Battle at Apache Pass Cochise
1952 Red Ball Express Lt. Chick Campbell
1952 Son of Ali Baba Opening Narrator Voice, Uncredited
1952 Yankee Buccaneer Cmdr. David Porter
1952 Because of You Steve Kimberly
1953 Girls in the Night Off-Screen Narrator at Finish Voice, Uncredited; Alternative title: Life After Dark
1953 The Great Sioux Uprising Jonathan Westgate
1953 East of Sumatra Duke Mullane
1953 War Arrow Major Howell Brady
1953 Southern Cross Narrator Documentary about missions in the South[85]
1954 Taza, Son of Cochise Cochise Uncredited
1954 Yankee Pasha Jason Starbuck
1954 Sign of the Pagan Marcian
1955 Foxfire Jonathan Dartland
1955 Female on the Beach Drummond Hall
1955 The Spoilers Roy Glennister
1955 The Nat King Cole Musical Story Narrator Short
1956 The Toy Tiger Rick Todd
1956 Away All Boats Captain Jebediah S. Hawks
1956 Pillars of the Sky First Sergeant Emmett Bell Alternative title: The Tomahawk and the Cross
1957 Drango Major Clint Drango Also produced
1957 The Tattered Dress James Gordon Blane
1957 Man in the Shadow Ben Sadler Alternative titles: Pay the Devil, Seeds of Wrath
1957 Jeanne Eagels Sal Satori
1958 The Lady Takes a Flyer Mike Dandridge Alternative titles: A Game Called Love, Lion in the Sky, Wild and Wonderful
1958 Raw Wind in Eden Mark Moore / Scott Moorehouse
1959 A Stranger in My Arms Major Pike Yarnell Alternative title: And Ride a Tiger
1959 Thunder in the Sun Lon Bennett
1959 Ten Seconds to Hell Karl Wirtz Alternative title: The Phoenix
1959 The Jayhawkers! Luke Darcy
1960 The Plunderers Sam Christy Also producer
1960 A Story of David King David Alternative title: A Story of David: The Hunted
1961 Return to Peyton Place Lewis Jackman
1962 Merrill's Marauders Brig. Gen. Frank D. Merrill (Last appearance)

Unmade films

Select radio credits

Regular role

Guest appearances

Discography

Award nominations

Year Award Category Title of work Result
1951 Academy Awards Best Actor in a Supporting Role Broken Arrow Nominated
1958 Laurel Awards Top Male Star
–
 14th Place
1959 Laurel Awards Top Male Star
–
 15th Place

Theatre

Box office rankings

For a number of years, film exhibitors voted Chandler among the top stars at the box office.

Further reading

References

  1. ↑ "Jeff Chandler - Jewish Entertainment - Jew Watch News".
  2. ↑ "Jeff Chandler".
  3. ↑ Wells, Jeff (2005). Jeff Chandler: film, record, radio, television and theater performances. McFarland & Co. p. 5. ISBN 0-7864-2001-4.
  4. 1 2 3 4 5 "Fame Has Its Fee For Jeff Chandler" by Richard L. Coe. The Washington Post and Washington Times Herald 31 Mar 1954: 22.
  5. 1 2 3 4 Jeff Chandler Is Dead; Blame Blood Poison: JEFF CHANDLER Los Angeles Times (1923-Current File) [Los Angeles, Calif] 18 June 1961: f1.
  6. ↑ Troy on Long Island Special to THE NEW YORK TIMES.. New York Times (1923-Current file) [New York, N.Y] 31 Oct 1940: 28.
  7. 1 2 "Big Chief!: As an Indian, Jeff Chandler caused countless feminine hearts to flutter; now, in straight dramatic roles, he's a box office smash". Hopper, Hedda. Chicago Daily Tribune 9 November 1952: i9.
  8. ↑ TOWER TICKER Leonard, William. Chicago Daily Tribune (1923-1963) [Chicago, Ill] 08 Aug 1951: a6.
  9. 1 2 David Shipman, The Great Movie Stars: The International Years, London:Macdonald, 1989, p.97
  10. 1 2 "Overview for Jeff Chandler". Turner Classic Movies.
  11. 1 2 3 4 JEFF CHANDLER MAN OF MANY FACES: He Can Play Any Kind of Character Role, and Is a Glamor Guy, Too Hedda Hopper Writes of Jeff Chandler Hopper, Hedda. Chicago Daily Tribune (1923-1963) [Chicago, Ill] 06 May 1951: c8.
  12. 1 2 Jeff Wells. Jeff Chandler: Film, Record, Radio, Television and Theater Performances. McFarland, 2005.
  13. 1 2 3 Jeff Chandler Finally Gets to 'Act His Age': Rising Young (31) Screens Player Considers Himself 'a Lucky Kid' SCHEUER, PHLIP K. Los Angeles Times (1923-Current File) [Los Angeles, Calif] 29 Oct 1950: D3.
  14. ↑ Looking at Hollywood Hopper, Hedda. Chicago Daily Tribune (1923-1963) [Chicago, Ill] 29 Nov 1947: 16.
  15. ↑ The News of Radio: John Kieran Will Perform for Television in Series of Films on Natural History New York Times (1923-Current file) [New York, N.Y] 12 July 1948: 32.
  16. ↑ "WELLMAN DIRECTOR OF 'BATTLEGROUND': METRO NAMES HIM TO HANDLE FILM OF BATTLE OF THE BULGE – CRAIG IN 'SIDE STREET'" by THOMAS F. BRADY New York Times 25 Feb 1949: 28.
  17. ↑ THEDA BARA MOVIE GOES TO COLUMBIA: De Sylva's 'The Great Vampire' Will Be Distributed by Studio -- 'Champion' Suit Ruling By THOMAS F. BRADYSpecial to THE NEW YORK TIMES.. New York Times (1923-Current file) [New York, N.Y] 07 May 1949: 10.
  18. ↑ Steigers Act Out Breakup of a Marriage: Breakup Acted Out by Steigers Loynd, Ray. Los Angeles Times (1923-Current File) [Los Angeles, Calif] 27 June 1969: d1.
  19. ↑ Big Chief Cochise Set; Sidney to Direct 'Keys;' Trevor 'Package' Looms Schallert, Edwin. Los Angeles Times (1923-Current File) [Los Angeles, Calif] 18 May 1949: A7.
  20. ↑ BETTE DAVIS SEEKS TO LEAVE WARNERS: Negotiations Are Under Way to Cancel Contract, Making Actress a Free Agent By THOMAS F. BRADYSpecial to THE NEW YORK TIMES.. New York Times (1923-Current file) [New York, N.Y] 26 July 1949: 31.
  21. ↑ LANCASTER, HECHT BUY MAILER NOVEL: Actor to Play Lieut. Hearn Role in 'The Naked and the Dead' for Norma Productions By THOMAS F. BRADYSpecial to THE NEW YORK TIMES.. New York Times (1923-Current file) [New York, N.Y] 17 Aug 1949: 18.
  22. ↑ BY WAY OF REPORT By A. H. WEILER. New York Times (1923-Current file) [New York, N.Y] 21 Aug 1949: X3.
  23. ↑ Drama: Hayward Slates Picture; 20th Casts Chandler; 'Chaplains' Activated Schallert, Edwin. Los Angeles Times (1923-Current File) [Los Angeles, Calif] 01 Mar 1950: A7
  24. ↑ Jeff Chandler Among Movie Visitors Here Tinee, Mae. Chicago Daily Tribune (1923-1963) [Chicago, Ill] 19 Aug 1951: f3.
  25. ↑ Foy, 'Breen Shape 'Tanks Are Coming' for Screen; Bushman Acts King Saul Schallert, Edwin. Los Angeles Times (1923-Current File) [Los Angeles, Calif] 27 Nov 1950: C9.
  26. ↑ LADD, PARAMOUNT DISCUSS CONTRACT: Actor Seeks Picture-a-Year Deal on Long-Term Basis After Current Pact Ends Youngster Gets Role By THOMAS M. PRYOR Special to THE NEW YORK TIMES.. New York Times (1923-Current file) [New York, N.Y] 14 Sep 1951: 22.
  27. 1 2 Hopper, Hedda (26 Dec 1954). "FAME ISN'T ENOUGH!: Outspoken Star Would Like to Forsake the Films and Become an Executive". Chicago Daily Tribune. p. e11.
  28. ↑ "Martin And Lewis Top U.S. Film Poll.". The Sydney Morning Herald. National Library of Australia. 27 December 1952. p. 3. Retrieved 24 April 2012.
  29. ↑ Drama: Cyd Charisse Costar in 'Strategy of Love' Los Angeles Times (1923-Current File) [Los Angeles, Calif] 26 June 1952: A6.
  30. ↑ Looking at Hollywood: Jean Simmons, Vic Mature Will Co-Star in 'Breakup' HEDDA HOPPER'S STAFF. Chicago Daily Tribune (1923-1963) [Chicago, Ill] 11 July 1952: a6.
  31. ↑ "Film Unit Opposes Foreign Ventures: A.F.L. Council Opens Campaign to Halt Cheaper Production Abroad by U. S. Studios Special to The New York Times". New York Times 10 July 1952: 27.
  32. ↑ FILM UNIT OPPOSES FOREIGN VENTURES: A.F.L. Council Opens Campaign to Halt Cheaper Production Abroad by U. S. Studios Special to THE NEW YORK TIMES.. New York Times (1923-Current file) [New York, N.Y] 10 July 1952: 27.
  33. ↑ Jeff Chandler Likely for Demetrius; 'Highest Mountain' New Purchase Schallert, Edwin. Los Angeles Times (1923-Current File) [Los Angeles, Calif] 01 Aug 1952: B7.
  34. ↑ Looking at Hollywood: Movie Studio Plans Remake of 'The Magnificent Obsession' Hopper, Hedda. Chicago Daily Tribune (1923-1963) [Chicago, Ill] 03 Feb 1953: a2.
  35. ↑ Chief Crazyhorse' Held Right for Jeff Chandler; Slate Signs Term Deal Schallert, Edwin. Los Angeles Times (1923-Current File) [Los Angeles, Calif] 21 Mar 1953: 11.
  36. ↑ "Drama: Dietrich's Las Vegas Fee $30,000 Weekly". Los Angeles Times. 21 Sep 1953. p. B8.
  37. ↑ Tony Curtis Trains for Role in Musical Los Angeles Times (1923-Current File) [Los Angeles, Calif] 24 Oct 1953: 10.
  38. ↑ 'Indian' Chandler Changes Pace; He's Now Half Indian Los Angeles Times (1923-Current File) [Los Angeles, Calif] 27 June 1955: 23.
  39. ↑ "Jeff Chandler Suspended at U-I" Los Angeles Times 21 May 1954: A6.
  40. 1 2 HEDDA HOPPER: Jeff Chandler Aims to Do 'Young Moses' Los Angeles Times (1923-Current File) [Los Angeles, Calif] 13 July 1954: B6.
  41. ↑ ALLIED ARTISTS SIGNS PRODUCER: John Huston to Make 3 Films -- Wyler and Wilder Also Completing Similar Deals By THOMAS M. PRYORSpecial to The New York Times.. New York Times (1923-Current file) [New York, N.Y] 26 May 1954: 35.
  42. ↑ NADER TO REPLACE CHANDLER 2D TIME: Actor Will Be Co-Star With Maureen O'Hara in 'Lady Godiva' Film at U.-I. By THOMAS M. PRYORSpecial to The New York Times.. New York Times (1923-Current file) [New York, N.Y] 26 Aug 1954: 24
  43. ↑ ACTOR TO RELIVE INCIDENT OF WAR: Philip Carey Again Will Be Aboard Carrier 'Bombed' for 'Battle Stations' By THOMAS M. PRYORSpecial to The New York Times.. New York Times (1923-Current file) [New York, N.Y] 21 Feb 1955: 17.
  44. ↑ Pine-Thomas Tradition Lives On; Jeff Chandler Makes Debut in Vegas Schallert, Edwin. Los Angeles Times (1923-Current File) [Los Angeles, Calif] 13 May 1955: B7.
  45. ↑ Louella Parsons: Jeff Chandler? He's The Busiest, Now The Washington Post and Times Herald (1954-1959) [Washington, D.C] 01 Nov 1955: 35.
  46. ↑ Drama: Indie Setups Announced by Cummings, Chandler; Hello, Barry Fitzgerald Scheuer, Philip K. Los Angeles Times (1923-Current File) [Los Angeles, Calif] 21 Nov 1955: 41.
  47. ↑ Dirk Bogarde favourite film actor A Cinema Correspondent. The Irish Times (1921-Current File) [Dublin, Ireland] 29 Dec 1955: 9.
  48. ↑ NEW MOVIE DEAL FOR BILLY WILDER: Signed to Direct 'Witness for the Prosecution' After Completing 2 Other Films R.K.O. Buys Rose TV Play By THOMAS M. PRYOR Special to The New York Times.. New York Times (1923-Current file) [New York, N.Y] 27 Apr 1956: 22.
  49. ↑ R.K.O. TO MAKE SPACE-TEST FILM: Feature to Depict Efforts of U.S. Scientists to Launch an Earth Satellite By THOMAS M. PRYOR Special to The New York Times.. New York Times (1923-Current file) [New York, N.Y] 23 Apr 1956: 23.
  50. ↑ Louella Parsons: Linda Darnell Signs With Jeff Chandler The Washington Post and Times Herald (1954-1959) [Washington, D.C] 16 May 1956: 37.
  51. ↑ Tuesday Proclaimed as L.A. Free Enterprise Day Los Angeles Times (1923-Current File) [Los Angeles, Calif] 26 Apr 1956: 23.
  52. ↑ SYMBOLIC DRAMA WILL BE A MOVIE: 'A Passenger to Bali,' Which Ran Here in 1940, Bought by Security Pictures By THOMAS M. PRYOR Special to The New York Times.. New York Times (1923-Current file) [New York, N.Y] 24 Sep 1956: 23.
  53. ↑ Looking at Hollywood: Orson Welles Will Star in and Direct 'Badge of Evil' Hopper, Hedda. Chicago Daily Tribune (1923-1963) [Chicago, Ill] 11 Jan 1957: a6.
  54. ↑ Rock Hudson, Doris Day Top New Poll; U-I Gives Boost to Joanna Moore Scheuer, Philip K. Los Angeles Times (1923-Current File) [Los Angeles, Calif] 28 Aug 1957: 27.
  55. ↑ GOLDWYN NAMED FOR MOVIE HONOR: Producers Guild to Give Him Milestone Award -Jeff Chandler Gets Role By THOMAS M. PRYORSpecial to The New York Times.. New York Times (1923-Current file) [New York, N.Y] 21 Oct 1958: 38.
  56. 1 2 3 Renewal at Allied for Jeff Chandler: 'Plunderers' Pleases Studio; Star Urges Subsidy for Films Scheuer, Philip K. Los Angeles Times (1923-Current File) [Los Angeles, Calif] 04 Oct 1960: A9.
  57. ↑ Marsha Hunt Signs for 'Plunderers': 'Threepenny Opera' Due Here; 'Untouchables' Will Expand Scheuer, Philip K. Los Angeles Times (1923-Current File) [Los Angeles, Calif] 03 May 1960: A13
  58. ↑ CHANDLER SIGNED FOR BIBLE DRAMAS: Actor to Play David in Two Specials on A.B.C.-TV -- Baseball Schedule Set By RICHARD F. SHEPARD. New York Times (1923-Current file) [New York, N.Y] 07 Mar 1960: 50.
  59. ↑ Jeff Chandler Among Movie Visitors Here Tinee, Mae. Chicago Daily Tribune (1923-1963) [Chicago, Ill] 19 Aug 1951: f3
  60. ↑ "Jeff Chandler.". The Australian Women's Weekly. National Library of Australia. 21 July 1954. p. 35. Retrieved 14 May 2012.
  61. ↑ Wife Divorces Jeff Chandler, Screen Actor Los Angeles Times (1923-Current File) [Los Angeles, Calif] 16 Apr 1954: 2
  62. ↑ Divorce Planned but Called Off, Says Jeff Chandler Los Angeles Times (1923-Current File) [Los Angeles, Calif] 17 Mar 1955: 25.
  63. ↑ Chandler Sued for Divorce Special to The New York Times.. New York Times (1923-Current file) [New York, N.Y] 07 Dec 1957: 19.
  64. ↑ Jeff Chandler, Wife Refuse Reconciliation: Actor Offers to Continue $1500-a-Month Allowance; She Asks Total of $6500 Los Angeles Times (1923-Current File) [Los Angeles, Calif] 11 Jan 1958: B1.
  65. ↑ Jeff Chandler Must Pay Wife $1500 Monthly Los Angeles Times (1923-Current File) [Los Angeles, Calif] 16 Jan 1958: A12.
  66. ↑ Jeff Chandler's Wife Gets Divorce, $100,000: She Says She Developed Ulcer Because He Was Too Absorbed in His Film Work Los Angeles Times (1923-Current File) [Los Angeles, Calif] 30 June 1959: 5
  67. ↑ Jeff Chandler Ordered to Produce Will Los Angeles Times (1923-Current File) [Los Angeles, Calif] 11 Feb 1960: 5.
  68. ↑ Davis, Jr., Sammy: Yes I Can, The Story of Sammy Davis, Jr., New York: Farrar, Straus & Giroux (1965) ISBN 0-374-52268-5
  69. ↑ 'Spying' on Anita Told by Detective: Pejury Action Possible Los Angeles Times (1923-Current File) [Los Angeles, Calif] 01 Mar 1957: 1.
  70. ↑ Lovell, Glenn (1999-10-27). "Esther Williams Is All Wet, Say Friends of the Late Jeff Chandler". latimes.com. Retrieved 2009-09-11.
  71. 1 2 Ann Sheridan, Jeff Chandler to Co-Star in 'Steel Town': Looking at Hollywood Hopper, Hedda. Chicago Daily Tribune (1923-1963) [Chicago, Ill] 26 July 1951: a2.
  72. ↑ FILM CHIEFS MEET UNION OFFICIALS: Studio Heads and Actors Guild Aides Bargain Over Strike Issues By MURRAY SCHUMACHSpecial to The New York Times.. New York Times (1923-Current file) [New York, N.Y] 19 Jan 1960: 40.
  73. ↑ Jeff Chandler Has Spine Injury New York Times (1923-Current file) [New York, N.Y] 17 Apr 1961: 35.
  74. ↑ JEFF CHANDLER STILL CRITICAL BUT BETTER Los Angeles Times (1923-Current File) [Los Angeles, Calif] 29 May 1961: 2.
  75. ↑ Blood Infection Caused Death of Jeff Chandler Los Angeles Times (1923-Current File) [Los Angeles, Calif] 19 June 1961: B1.
  76. ↑ 1,500 Attend Funeral of Actor Jeff Chandler: Hundreds of Movie Fans and Many of His Friends in Baseball Present at Rites Los Angeles Times (1923-Current File) [Los Angeles, Calif] 20 June 1961: 2.
  77. ↑ Jeff Chandler at Find a Grave
  78. 1 2 State Will Investigate Jeff Chandler's Death: Bureau to Look Into Hospital Procedure in Actor's Case Due to Public Interest JEFF CHANDLER Los Angeles Times (1923-Current File) [Los Angeles, Calif] 29 June 1961: B1.
  79. ↑ $1.5 Million Suit Filed in Jeff Chandler Death: Damages From Hospital and Physicians Asked on Behalf of Children and Estate
  80. ↑ Jeff Chandler Heirs Settle for $233,358 Los Angeles Times 21 Feb 1962: A1.
  81. ↑ JEFF CHANDLER GRAVE AFTER 7-HOUR SURGERY: Injured Back in Luzon Incomplete Source Los Angeles Times (1923-Current File) [Los Angeles, Calif] 19 May 1961: 1.
  82. ↑ Jeff Chandler Wills $600,000 to Daughters Los Angeles Times (1923-Current File) [Los Angeles, Calif] 23 June 1961: 20.
  83. ↑ Jeff Chandler Estate Sued Los Angeles Times (1923-Current File) [Los Angeles, Calif] 12 May 1962: 9
  84. ↑ "Who is Jeff Chandler?.". Mirror (Perth, WA : 1921 - 1956). Perth, WA: National Library of Australia. 10 December 1955. p. 17. Retrieved 21 December 2015.
  85. ↑ Tribune GO-TO-MOVIE GUIDE: Tony Martin Gives Views on Career Tinee, Mae. Chicago Daily Tribune (1923-1963) [Chicago, Ill] 29 Nov 1953: e3.
  86. ↑ BETTE DAVIS SEEKS TO LEAVE WARNERS: Negotiations Are Under Way to Cancel Contract, Making Actress a Free Agent By THOMAS F. BRADYSpecial to THE NEW YORK TIMES.. New York Times (1923-Current file) [New York, N.Y] 26 July 1949: 31.
  87. ↑ Jeff Chandler Sought for 'Angry River;' Wanger Plans Mounties Movie Schallert, Edwin. Los Angeles Times (1923-Current File) [Los Angeles, Calif] 15 July 1952: A7.
  88. ↑ Looking at Hollywood: Ann Sheridan, Jeff Chandler to Star in 'Vermilion O'Toole' HEDDA HOPPER'S STAFF. Chicago Daily Tribune (1923-1963) [Chicago, Ill] 17 Mar 1952: b3.
  89. ↑ Jeff Chandler Will Star in 'Holy Grail' Hopper, Hedda. Los Angeles Times (1923-Current File) [Los Angeles, Calif] 29 May 1953: 10.
  90. ↑ Jeff Chandler Wanted as Star for Movie on Huk Warfare Hopper, Hedda. Chicago Daily Tribune (1923-1963) [Chicago, Ill] 15 Dec 1954: b14.
  91. ↑ 'Chief Crazyhorse' Held Right for Jeff Chandler; Slate Signs Term Deal Schallert, Edwin. Los Angeles Times (1923-Current File) [Los Angeles, Calif] 21 Mar 1953: 11.
  92. ↑ R.K.O. TO MAKE SPACE-TEST FILM: Feature to Depict Efforts of U.S. Scientists to Launch an Earth Satellite By THOMAS M. PRYOR Special to The New York Times.. New York Times (1923-Current file) [New York, N.Y] 23 Apr 1956: 23
  93. ↑ Drama: Henry Fonda to Have Lee Cobb as Costar Los Angeles Times (1923-Current File) [Los Angeles, Calif] 15 May 1956: 34.
  94. ↑ JOLSON TO APPEAR ON C. B. S. RADIO, TV: Network Secures Entertainer's Services for 3-Year Period -Randolph in New Show New York Times (1923-Current file) [New York, N.Y] 01 Nov 1949: 52
  95. ↑ MBS Stations Book Russell For Interview: The Radio Dialer and TV Guide The Christian Science Monitor (1908-Current file) [Boston, Mass] 03 July 1951: 4.
  96. ↑ VIDEO AND RADIO TO REACH HIGH POINT AT YULE: Programs Are Listed for Holiday REMENIH, ANTON. Chicago Daily Tribune (1923-1963) [Chicago, Ill] 23 Dec 1951: n7.
  97. ↑ Kirby, Walter (April 6, 1952). "Better Radio Programs for the Week". The Decatur Daily Review. p. 52. Retrieved May 16, 2015 – via Newspapers.com.
  98. ↑ Kirby, Walter (June 28, 1953). "Better Radio Programs for the Week". The Decatur Daily Review. p. 44. Retrieved July 1, 2015 – via Newspapers.com.
  99. ↑ Kirby, Walter (October 18, 1953). "Better Radio Programs for the Week". The Decatur Daily Review. p. 48. Retrieved July 6, 2015 – via Newspapers.com.
  100. ↑ Radio Roundup Ames, Walter. Los Angeles Times (1923-Current File) [Los Angeles, Calif] 31 Mar 1957: G18.
  101. ↑ "Jeff Chandler leads the song trail.". The World's News (Sydney, NSW : 1901 - 1955). Sydney, NSW: National Library of Australia. 9 October 1954. p. 26. Retrieved 21 December 2015.
  102. ↑ 'Meet the World' Proves Impressive Stage Event Los Angeles Times (1923-Current File) [Los Angeles, Calif] 31 Mar 1950: 22.
  103. ↑ Red Cross Saved Life of Baby, Mother Says: Complete Transfusion Soon After Birth Provided From Supply of Whole Blood Los Angeles Times (1923-Current File) [Los Angeles, Calif] 19 Mar 1950: E26.
  104. ↑ STAR SHOW DAZZLES 30,000 AT COLISEUM: STAR PAGEANT Los Angeles Times (1923-Current File) [Los Angeles, Calif] 12 Oct 1950: 1.
  105. ↑ "Martin And Lewis Top U.S. Film Poll.". The Sydney Morning Herald. National Library of Australia. 27 December 1952. p. 3. Retrieved 27 April 2012.
  106. ↑ 'Dirk Bogarde's favourite film actor', The Irish Times 29 December 1955: 9.
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