Joanna, Duchess of Durazzo

Joanna
Duchess of Durazzo
Reign	1348–1368
Born	1344
Died	20 July 1387 (aged 42 or 43) Castel dell'Ovo, Naples
Burial	San Lorenzo Maggiore
Spouse	Louis of Navarre Robert IV of Artois, Count of Eu
House	House of Anjou-Durazzo
Father	Charles, Duke of Durazzo
Mother	Maria of Calabria
Religion	Roman Catholic

Joanna of Durazzo (1344 – 20 July 1387) was the eldest daughter and eldest surviving child of Charles, Duke of Durazzo, and his wife, Maria of Calabria. She succeeded as duchess on the death of her father in 1348 when she was only a child of four years old. Joanna was a member of the House of Anjou-Durazzo.

She reigned as Duchess of Durazzo^[1] from 1348-1368. She married twice; firstly to Louis of Navarre and then to Robert IV of Artois, Count of Eu.

Life

Joanna's father died in 1348 and Joanna succeeded him, being the eldest surviving child. However, Joanna remained in Naples rather than going to Durazzo.^[2] It was here she was betrothed to her cousin Charles Martel, son of Queen Joan. Charles Martel was heir in Hungary due to a lack of male heirs. The boy was moved to Hungary, however the engagement was broken when the young boy died around 1348 in Hungary.^[3]

In 1365 aged twenty one, Joanna married her first husband Louis of Navarre, who became Duke of Durazzo in right of his wife. He was the son of Joan II of Navarre. In 1368 Durazzo was captured by the Albanian Topia dynasty under the leardership of warlord Karl Thopia. Joanna and her husband immediately began planning the reconquest of not only Durazzo, but all the lands of the former Angevin Kingdom of Albania, conquered by the Bulgarian Sratsimir dynasty in 1332. They were successful in rallying the support of Louis' brother Charles II the Bad and Charles V King of France in this undertaking. In 1372, Louis brought over the Navarrese Company of mercenaries, who had fought with him during the war in France, to assist them in taking Durazzo. Their ranks swelled considerably in 1375 with new recruits directly from Navarre. Many documents survive telling us of the complex nature of the military planning and engineering which was undertaken to ensure success. This they attained, taking the city in midsummer 1376. Louis died shortly after.^[4] Louis and Joanna had no children. Joanna never fully regained full control of Durazzo and by 1385 the City was back in the hands of Karl Thopia.

Around 1376 Joanna remarried to Robert IV of Artois, Count of Eu. This marriage was also childless. Robert was not Count of Eu for long, he and Joanna were not informed of his father's death in 1387. Joanna and Robert were staying at Castel dell'Ovo in Naples where they were both poisoned on July 20, 1387^[5] on the orders of Joanna's own sister Margaret, Queen Regent of Naples.

Joanna is buried in San Lorenzo (Naples).

Ancestry

Ancestors of Joanna, Duchess of Durazzo

16. Charles I of Naples               8. Charles II of Naples                       17. Beatrice of Provence               4. John, Duke of Durazzo                             18. Stephen V of Hungary               9. Mary of Hungary                       19. Elizabeth the Cuman               2. Charles, Duke of Durazzo                                   10. Helie VII, Count of Périgord                       5. Agnes de Périgord                             22. Roger-Bernard III of Foix               11. Brunissende de Foix                       23. Margaret of Montcada               1. Joanna of Durazzo                                         24. Charles II of Naples = 8               12. Robert of Naples                       25. Mary of Hungary = 9               6. Charles, Duke of Calabria                             26. Peter III of Aragon               13. Yolanda of Aragon                       27. Constance of Sicily               3. Maria of Calabria                                   28. Philip III of France               14. Charles, Count of Valois                       29. Isabella of Aragon               7. Marie of Valois                             30. Guy III of Châtillon               15. Mahaut of Châtillon                       31. Marie of Brittany

References

1. Women In Power (1300-1350)
2. Cawley, Charles, Sicily, Medieval Lands, Medieval Lands database, Foundation for Medieval Genealogy,
3. Medieval Lands
4. Setton, Kenneth M. (general editor) A History of the Crusades: Volume III — The Fourteenth and Fifteenth Centuries. Harry W. Hazard, editor. University of Wisconsin Press: Madison, 1975.
5. Joanna of Durazzo