John Rolls, 1st Baron Llangattock

John Allan Rolls
Portrait in The Rolls Hall, Monmouth
Born	19 February 1837
Died	24 September 1912 (aged 75)
Residence	The Hendre
Nationality	British
Spouse(s)	Georgiana
Children	John Rolls, 2nd Baron Llangattock
Parent(s)	John Etherington Welch Rolls

John Allan Rolls, 1st Baron Llangattock, DL (19 February 1837 – 24 September 1912) was a Victorian landowner, politician, socialite, local benefactor and agriculturalist. He lived at The Hendre, a Victorian country house north of Monmouth.

Biography

He was the only son of John Etherington Welch Rolls and his wife Elizabeth Mary Long. Elizabeth was a daughter of Walter Long of Preshaw and granddaughter of William Carnegie, 7th Earl of Northesk.

Rolls was educated at Eton College and Christ Church, Oxford,^[1] later becoming Captain in the Royal Gloucestershire Hussars Yeomanry Cavalry, and was afterwards appointed honorary colonel of the 4th Welsh Brigade R.F.A.

In 1868 he married Georgiana Marcia Maclean in London. She was the daughter of Sir Charles Fitzroy Maclean, 9th Baronet of Morvaren (1798–1883). They lived at The Hendre and they also had a house South Lodge which was at Rutland Gate in London.^[2] They had four children:

• The Hon. John Maclean Rolls (1870–1916) 2nd Baron Llangattock; who died unmarried, killed in action.
• The Hon. Henry Alan Rolls (1871–1916)
• The Hon. Eleanor Georgiana Rolls (1872–1961) later the Hon. Lady Shelley-Rolls; she married on 23 April 1898 Sir John Courtown Edward Shelley, later Shelley-Rolls, 6th Baronet, of Castle Goring, Sussex (5 August 1871 – 18 February 1951) and great-nephew of the poet Percy Shelley. In 1917, her husband assumed by Royal Licence the additional surname of Rolls in compliance with the will of his father-in-law, the late Lord Llangattock. However, there were no children of the marriage, and The Hendre eventually passed out of the hands of the Rolls family in the 1980s, having passed through the Harding-Rolls line of the family.^[3]
• The Hon. Charles Stewart Rolls (1877–1910) of Rolls Royce fame and the first British aircraft fatality.

Rolls was appointed High Sheriff of Monmouthshire in 1875, and served as MP for Monmouthshire from 1880–1885. In 1892 he was raised to the peerage as Baron Llangattock, of The Hendre in the County of Monmouth.^[4] He served as Mayor of Monmouth 1896 - 1897, and his gifts to that town included a large public hall, a gymnasium, and an isolation hospital. In April 1901 he received the Honorary Freedom of the Borough of Monmouth ′in recognition of his many benefactions to the town′.^[5] He was also a magistrate and Deputy Lieutenant of that county.

He was a Freemason, rising to the position of Provincial Grand Master in 1894. The Masonic Llangattock Lodge (No.2547) was created in his honour in 1895 and took the Rolls motto, Celerias et Veritas (Speed and Truth).^[6]

He was a breeder of Shire horses and acquired a reputation amongst agriculturalists for his shorthorn and Hereford cattle and Shropshire breeds of sheep. He was a fellow of the Society of Antiquaries and restored several Monmouthshire churches at his own expense.^[7]

Lord Llangattock was a prominent member of the Anti-Vivisection Society, a position that caused some controversy as illustrated by a letter of 18 May 1901 published in the Journal of the British Medical Association:

SIR,-I see that Lord Llangattock, who presided at the annual meeting of the Antivivisection Society on 9 May, gave credence to 'the horrible stories of what takes place in the laboratories of physiology,' denounced vivisection as 'misleading, immoral, and degrading,' and professed 'a sentiment for animals.' Now, I recollect reading in the newspapers last autumn a description of a battue on a large scale, given by Lord Llangattock at his place in Wales, at which a phenomenal number of pheasants were shot for the recreation of Lord Llangattock and his friends, and I should like him to study this little picture of his own dealings with animals, for which he has 'a sentiment' drawn not by a vivisector, but by a man who is a keen and trustworthy observer, and who is in genuine sympathy with all senitient beings.^[8]

Lord Llangattock's elevation to the peerage confirmed his elevation to the top rank of society. In late October - early November 1900 the Duke and Duchess of York (later King George V and Queen Mary) stayed with Rolls at the Hendre.

Lord Llangattock died on 24 September 1912. He was succeeded by his eldest son, John Rolls, 2nd Baron Llangattock, who died of wounds received at the Battle of the Somme in 1916.

Family tree

John Rolls (1735–1801)

Sarah Coysh (d. 1801)

John Rolls of The Hendre (1776–1837)

Martha Maria Barnett (1780-1858)

John Etherington Welch Rolls (1807–70)

Elizabeth Mary Long (1813-79)

John Allan Rolls (1837–1912)

Georgiana Marcia Maclean (1837 – 1923)

John Maclean Rolls (1870–1916)

Henry Alan Rolls (1871–1916)

Eleanor Georgiana Rolls (1872–1961)

Charles Stewart Rolls (1877–1910) (co-founder of Rolls Royce)

Gallery

• 
  Lady Llangattock at the Coronation
• 
  HRH The Duke of York, Lord and Lady Llangattock, Sir Charles Cust and the Hon. C.S. Rolls at 'The Hendre', 1900

References

1. Venn, Rolls, the Hon. Charles Stewart in Alumni Cantabrigiensesed. Venn
2. South Lodge, Country Life, accessed February 2012
3. The descent of The Hendre was in a collateral line, descended from the sister of Lord Llangattock's father.
4. The London Gazette: no. 26328. p. 5384. 23 September 1892.
5. "Court Circular". The Times (36426). London. 11 April 1901. p. 7.
6. Full list of lodges: Masonic Province of South Wales - Eastern Division
7. Obituary, The Times 25 September 1912
8. Journal of the BMA: Correspondence: 9 May 1901

External links

• Hansard 1803–2005: contributions in Parliament by John Rolls