John M. Culkin

John M. Culkin, SJ, PhD (1928-July 23, 1993), leading media scholar and critic, educator, writer and consultant.

Early life and education

John Culkin was born in 1928[1] to an Irish-Catholic family from Brooklyn. He and his brother Gerald attended Xavier High School, an elite Jesuit College Preparatory High School, in Manhattan where he was on the basketball team. He graduated from there in 1950 and then entered the Society of Jesus. He attended Bellarmine College, was ordained at Fordham University and received a doctorate in education from Harvard University.[2]

Career

At Jesuit seminary, John Culkin first became interested in media studies. Later, at the Harvard Graduate School of Education, Father Culkin’s dissertation was a curriculum to study film. There he also met Marshall McLuhan and they became lifelong colleagues because of their mutual interest in mass media and its effect on society. McLuhan appointed Father Culkin to a position at the University of Toronto. In 1964, Father Culkin came to Fordham University, convinced them to hire McLuhan for a year, and earned a reputation as an intellectual for his interest in media studies.[3]

In 1969 Culkin left the Jesuit priesthood and formed the Center for Understanding Media, named after a McLuhan book. He started a master’s program through the center to study media which was housed initially at Antioch College and subsequently moved to the New School for Social Research where he remained until 1978. There his Center for Understanding Media administered the film portion of the Artists in Schools program of the National Endowment for the Arts and created a forum for filmmakers in the education field to preview important films, the Metropolitan Area Film Instructors Association.[2]

Culkin advocated media studies in public school systems. He observed that children watch TV thousands more hours than they study.[4] Culkin knew that films, radio, and TV profoundly affect young people. He believed that even young children should be taught to analyze mass media, that new means of communication should enhance education, that programming quality should be improved and focused on childhood development. He came to believe that children should examine the arts as experience, to develop their own positive value system.[1]

Culkin advised the creators of Sesame Street. In 1964 he helped organize parochial school instruction in TV. In 1970 he proposed a special cable TV channel for children.[5]

After 1973, he promoted Unifon, a 40-character phonemic English alphabet, to combat illiteracy.

On October 7, 1974, he testified before the House Select Subcommittee on Education, which later decided to create the American Film Institute as an independent agency.[6]

Culkin formed Hearth Communications, a private consulting firm, with business partner Frank Maguire.[7] Their consulting client list soon became a who’s who of international corporations and organizations.

Indicative of his varied interests and expertise, Culkin published many articles and wrote several books. He analyzed how a story might be told in print, film and television in a book called “Trilogy”. Other topics for his articles included theology, the Chicago Cubs, Trachtenberg system of Math, the Dvorak Simplified Keyboard, and how to make our calendar more accurate.[8]

The Media Ecology Association annual awards includes The John Culkin Award for Outstanding Praxis in the Field of Media Ecology.[9][10]

Selected works

Quotes

Culkin summarized the driving force behind his life work in a 1981 interview with Maria P. Robbins, then a Contributing Editor for Television and Children Journal.

“So trying to keep certain things off television or out of books is futile. That same energy should be applied to helping children develop their own capacities for judgment, taste and sensitivity, so that they know how to make decisions that are based, we hope, on positive values.”[11]

References

  1. 1 2 John Culkin, SJ: The Man Who Invented Media Literacy. Kate Moody, Center for Media Literacy.
  2. 1 2 Lambert, Bruce (1993-07-25). "Dr. John M. Culkin, 65; Scholar Studied Media's Effect on Society". The New York Times. Retrieved 2009-03-25.
  3. ↑ John M. Culkin, obituary in Variety Magazine, July 28, 1993
  4. ↑ Why Study the Media? Culkin, John M., SJ Introduction to his doctoral dissertation, "Film Study in the High School: An Analysis and Rationale," Harvard Graduate School of Education, 1964
  5. ↑ PBS Guide Introduction to Film in the Classroom: "Why Study Film in the Classroom?
  6. ↑ ED103934 - To Create the American Film Institute
  7. ↑ Speaker biography for Maguire.
  8. ↑ 40 characters, 40 sounds. Culkin, John M., The New York Times, July 20, 1977
  9. ↑ Media Ecology Association awards
  10. ↑ In the Footsteps of Ted Carpenter. Blog post by Lance Strate, April 11, 2007
  11. ↑ “In Conversation with John Culkin,” Maria P. Robbins, Television and Children Journal, Summer, 1981.
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