John Tarring

Tarring designed the Congregational Memorial Hall which opened in 1875.^[1]

John Tarring FRIBA (1806–1875) was an English Victorian ecclesiastical architect active in the mid-nineteenth century. Based in London, he designed many Gothic Revival churches for Nonconformist clients.

Life

Christ Church, Chase Side, Enfield (1874-7).

Tarring was born at Holbeton, near Plymouth, and worked there as a carpenter or plasterer until moving to London in 1828. He studied at Brown's academy in Wells Street, and obtained a Royal Academy medal for a measured drawing. He became a member of the Royal Institute of British Architects in 1845.^[2]

Tarring worked principally in London. His firm was variously known as "John Tarring, Esq.," "Tarring & Jones," and "J. Tarring & Son." His son Frederick William Tarring (1847–1925) succeeded him in the business.^[3]

Known as the "Gilbert Scott of the Dissenters",^[2] he was the first architect to design a spire for a nonconformist church in London, and is thought to have influenced the Baptists and Congregationalists to begin building churches in the Gothic style. Most of his commissions were nonconformist churches, although he had one remodelling commission of an Anglican chapel.

In 1856 he rebuilt George Whitefield's chapel in Tottenham Court Road. The site had recently been bought by the London Congregational Building Society, following the destruction of the existing chapel by fire. Tarring's building had a dome 126 feet (38 m) high. It was closed in 1889 due to subsidence, and later demolished.^[4]

Tarring designed at least one church building in Ireland, Trinity Presbyterian Church, Cork, (1861) in a Gothic style with a distinctive spire. The interior has a gallery to the rear with a pipe organ installed there in 1904 and seats for a choir, typical of Roman Catholic churches of the locality, although it may have been intended originally to provide free seating for those unable to afford pew rents; the rest of the interior with a central pulpit, no central aisle and no pillars may reflect Tarring's work on non conformist churches and chapels in the South of England.^[5]

Apart from his ecclesiastical work, he restored Combermere Abbey, Cheshire, and Thornton Hall, Buckinghamshire, and designed private residences.^[2] At Queen's Gate, Hyde Park, London, in 1860, he built a large mansion block in an Italianate style.^[6]

He returned to Devon, and died at Torquay on 27 December 1875.^[2] He is buried at Kensal Green Cemetery, London.^[7]

List of works

Ecclesiastical

• Westminster Chapel, Buckingham Gate (1841). Erected by the Metropolitan Chapel Fund Association. Demolished and replaced by the present building by W.F. Poulton in 1865.^[8][9]
• Horbury Congregational Chapel, Kensington Park Road, Notting Hill Gate (1848–9). Closed in 1935 and renamed Kensington Temple, owned first by the Church of the Foursquare Gospel and then by the Elim Pentecostal Church.^[10]
• Bethnal Green Meeting House, formerly Pott Street Chapel (1849).
• Congregational Church, Grafton Square, Clapham (1851–2). Demolished.^[11]
• St James' Parish church, Akeley, Buckinghamshire (1854; demolished 1982).^[12]
• Vines Congregational Church, Rochester, Kent (1854).^[13]
• Whitefield's Chapel, Tottenham Court Road (1856).^[4]
• Chelsea Congregational Church, Markham Square, Chelsea (1858–60). With a spire 138 feet (42 m) tall. It was designed to accommodate 1,150 adult worshippers, and had schoolrooms attached.^[14]
• Trinity Presbyterian Church, Summer Hill, Cork City, Ireland (1860–5).^[15]
• Free Church, Market Place, St Ives, Huntingdonshire (1863).^[16]
• United Reformed Church, Queens Road, Weybridge, Surrey (1864) ^[17]
• Methodist church, Lady Margaret Road, Hampstead, London (1864–7); now the Roman Catholic Church of Our Lady Help of Christians.^[18]
• Lansdowne Crescent Methodist Church, Great Malvern, Worcestershire (1865).^[19]
• Victoria Road Church, Leicester (1866)^[20]
• United Reformed Church, High Street, Lewisham (1867).^[21]
• Ealing Broadway Methodist Church, Ealing (1868). Designed in collaboration with Charles Jones. Now a Polish Roman Catholic church.^[22][23]
• Wesleyan Methodist Church, Mostyn Road, Brixton (1868).^[24] Demolished and replaced in the 1980s.^[25]
• Southernhay Congregational (now United Reformed) Church, Exeter, Devon (1868). Only the tower and spire of Tarring's church survive; the rest is modern.^[26]
• Congregational church, Stamford Hill, London, with adjoining lecture hall (1869–71). Church demolished 1969, lecture hall used for services from then on.^[27][28]
• Congregational Memorial Hall, Farringdon Street, London (1872). Demolished 1969.^[1]
• Christ Church, Chase Side, Enfield (1874-7). Congregationalist.^[29]

Secular

• Combermere Abbey, Cheshire (restoration).^[2]
• Thornton Hall (now Thornton College), Buckinghamshire. Restoration and additions, including a new wing, and a new front to the main building.^[30] Tarring's work at Thornton, for the Hon. Richard Cavendish, was begun in 1851.^[31]
• Tromer Lodge, Downe, Kent. Alterations, including the addition of a tower, for the Rev. Robert Ainslie.^[32]
• Mansion Block, Queen's Gate, Hyde Park, London, in an Italianate style (1860).^[6]
• City Bank, Ludgate Hill, London (1875).^[33]

References

1. The London Encyclopaedia, Pan Macmillan, 2008, p. 204, ISBN 9781405049245
2.  Lee, Sidney, ed. (1898). "Tarring, John". Dictionary of National Biography. 55. London: Smith, Elder & Co.
3. Antonia Brodie; British Architectural Library; Royal Institute of British Architects (20 December 2001). Directory of British Architects, 1834-1914: Vol. 2 (L-Z). Continuum International Publishing Group. p. 758. ISBN 978-0-8264-5514-7. Retrieved 2 June 2013.
4. "Tottenham Court Road (west side), Survey of London: volume 21: The parish of St Pancras part 3: Tottenham Court Road & neighbourhood". 1949. pp. 66–74. Retrieved 4 October 2013.
5. Cromie, Alexander Stuart (2004). Presbyterians in the City of Cork. Belfast.
6. "Mansions, Queen's Gate, Hyde Park, London". Archiseek. Retrieved 17 September 2013.
7. Paths of Glory. Friends of Kensal Green Cemetery. 1997. p. 96.
8. "Opening of New Chapels". The Congregational Magazine. 5: 448. 1841.
9. The London Encyclopaedia (3rd ed.). Pan Macmillan. p. 107. ISBN 9780230738782.
10. "HORBURY CHAPEL, KENSINGTON PARK ROAD, NOTTING HILL GATE, KENSINGTON". AIM25. Retrieved 17 September 2013.
11. Pevsner and Cherry 1990, p.380
12. "Record details". Buckinghamshire County Council. Retrieved 17 September 2013.
13. The Congregational Year Booklocation=London. Jackson and Walford. 1856. p. 258.
14. Bryan, George. Chelsea in the Olden & Present Times. London. pp. 174–5.
15. "Trinity Presbyterian Church, Summer Hill, Cork City". Department of Arts, Heritage and the Gaeltacht. Retrieved 17 September 2013.
16. Historic England. "Details from image database (53423)". Images of England.
17. Historic England. "Details from image database (286937)". Images of England.
18. Historic England. "Details from image database (478634)". Images of England.
19. "Lansdown Crescent Methodist Church". Malvern Gazette. Retrieved 11 April 2016.
20. Rimmington, Gerald T. "Victoria Road Church, Leicester: A. Victorian Experiment in Ecumenicity" (PDF). Leicester University. Retrieved 10 April 2016.
21. Pevsner and Cherry 1990, p.417
22. Historic England. "Details from listed building database (1079354)". National Heritage List for England.
23. "Ealing - Our Lady Mother of the Church". Taking Stock. Retrieved 11 April 2016.
24. Pevsner and Cherry 1990, p.340
25. "Mostyn Road, Brixton North". Landmark. London Borough of Lambeth. Retrieved 3 October 2013.
26. Historic England. "Details from image database (419724)". Images of England.
27. "Congregational church, Stamford Hill, London". Archiseek. Retrieved 17 September 2013.
28. Baker, T.F.T., ed. (1995). A History of the County of Middlesex: Volume 10: Hackney. Victoria County History. pp. 130–144.
29. Historic England. "Details from image database (200812)". Images of England.
30. A Series of Executed Examples of Ecclesiastical and Domestic Structures, from the Designs of Modern Architects. London. 1858. p. 14.
31. "Thornton College - formally Thornton Hall". Wolverton and District Archaeological Society. Retrieved 17 September 2013.
32. "Tromer Lodge, Down, Kent". The Civil Engineer and Architect's Journal. 17. 1854.
33. "City Bank, Ludgate Hill". The British Architect: 108. 17 February 1875.

Sources

• Cherry, Bridget; Pevsner, Nikolaus (1990) [1983]. London 2: South. The Buildings of England. London: Penguin Books.

Attribution

 This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Lee, Sidney, ed. (1898). "Tarring, John". Dictionary of National Biography. 55. London: Smith, Elder & Co.