Jun (drink)

“Jun” (IPA: [ʤʊn]) or “Xun” is an effervescent fermented health tonic roughly similar to kombucha but feeding on green tea and raw honey rather than black tea and concentrated sugar. So little credible information exists about Jun that even its most basic characteristics are in dispute: some claim its true definition to be an exclusively anaerobic lactobacillus ferment,[1] and others that it is similar to kombucha in including yeasts.[2]

Among the characteristics of Jun known to include yeast: a higher alcohol content of ~2-7% rather than kombucha's ~0.5%, faster brewing times of ~3–7 days rather than kombucha's ~5-8, and more effervescence.[3] Its flavor reflects its ingredients which in the case of raw honey occasions a broader gamut of flavors than kombucha's more homogenous concentrated sugars.[4] Though like many cultures Jun can subsist on many diets such as yerba mate, peony, and guayusa, how authentic the result relative to the name becomes is unclear. Jun's cultures are purportedly probiotic in similar fashion to those comprising kombucha and water kefir. Jun, like Kombucha, is a probiotic because of the lactobacillus and other beneficial bacteria present in the SCOBY (symbiotic colony of yeast and bacteria) used to brew these drinks, and thus imparted into the liquid.

Jun's origin is unclear. It is thought to have originated in northern China and Tibet; many brewers and distributors claim stock originating from imported heirloom Chinese or Tibetan jun cultures and/or openly confess stock to have originated from contraband. According to food writer Sandor Katz, "The lack of credible information on the history of Jun leads me to the conclusion that it is a relatively recent divergence from the kombucha family tree. Some websites claim that it comes from Tibet, where it has been made for 1000 years; unfortunately, books on Tibetan food, and even a specialized book on Himalayan ferments, contain no mention of it... The culture is somewhat obscure and hard to find, but its epicenter seems to be the Pacific Northwest, where the Eugene, Oregon-based Herbal Junction Elixirs produces it commercially."[5] Despite Katz's profession of a paucity of evidence for Jun's history, the oldest Tibetan tradition, the Bon, still today cultivate it.[6] Katz's conjecture is also contravened by Chris Straight's observation[7] that a refined ingredient like cane sugar, unavailable in the distant past of Jun's ostensible origin, couldn't plausibly be the original ferment's recipe, whereas raw honey is—as has it ever been—ready to use straight from the hive. Straight does note that today's commercially produced raw honey if unstrained has the potential to introduce contaminants such as bee parts but given honey's strong antiseptic properties notes his years of experience have never yet yielded a compromised batch (reputable suppliers of still raw but filtered honey are readily available for generally an only slight price premium over unfiltered raw sources).

The obscurity of Jun is partly due to the ethos surrounding its origin as a beverage to aid enlightenment: commercial transactions of Jun culture are viewed by its creators to violate its intent, and many brewing practices common amongst other fermentations may be viewed by many of Jun's most venerable brewers as confounding conditions considered prerequisite to obtaining Jun's greatest potential. Jun's origins' obscurity may partly be a function of its embracing local ecologies, similarly to Japanese koji culture (Aspergillus oryzae) which starts simply from rice thrown onto healthy soil, making Jun more accurately considered a genre of ferments rather than being capable of codifying a definition as any specific sampling from amongst myriad suitable sources.

References

  1. ↑ http://www.eugeneweekly.com/article/preserving-sacred-cultures
  2. ↑ http://www.elephantjournal.com/2010/08/jun-a-fermented-high-jing-elixir-emma-blue/
  3. ↑ Emma Blue at The Elephant Journal | http://www.elephantjournal.com/2010/08/jun-a-fermented-high-jing-elixir-emma-blue/
  4. ↑ http://www.kombuchabrooklyn.com/blog/jun-honey-based-kombucha/
  5. ↑ Katz, Sandor Ellix. 2012. The Art of Fermentation: an in depth exploration of essential concepts and processes from around the world. Chelsea Green Publishers.
  6. ↑ http://www.elephantjournal.com/2010/08/jun-a-fermented-high-jing-elixir-emma-blue/
  7. ↑ Chris Straight, Kombucha Brooklyn staff Farmer and Instructor | http://www.kombuchabrooklyn.com/blog/jun-honey-based-kombucha/
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