Keōua Kuahuula

Keōua Kūʻahuʻula
Ali'i Nui of Ka'ū
The site of his death is a National Historic Landmark
Born	c. 1762
Died	1791 Puʻukoholā Heiau
Spouse	Kaʻiolaniokaʻiwalani
House	Keawe
Father	Kalaniʻōpuʻu
Mother	Kānekapōlei

Keōua Kūʻahuʻula was an Aliʻi (member of the royal class) during the time of the unification of the Kingdom of Hawaiʻi.

Family

His name means "rain cloud of the red cloak".^[1][2]:129

His father was Kalaniʻōpuʻu, the king at the time of the arrival of Captain James Cook. He was born about 1762.^[3]

His mother was Kānekapōlei, one of the later wives of Kalaniʻōpuʻu,^[4] and mother of Pauli Kaʻōleiokū, the grandfather of Bernice Pauahi Bishop and Ruth Keelikolani.

This meant his older half-brother Kīwalaʻō was in line to inherit the kingdom.

Later life

He was not happy, however, to receive no lands after his father died in 1781. He challenged his cousin Kamehameha I, resulting in the Battle of Moku'ohai. He escaped the battle to relatives in the Kaʻū district to the South in 1782. Although Kamehameha controlled the West side of the island, repeated raids never resulted in a clear victory for either side.

In 1790, after escaping another attack, his party was caught in an eruption of Kilauea, and lost one third of his army to lava and left footprints in volcanic ash still visible today. He was killed in 1791 when Kamehameha invited him to the Puʻukoholā Heiau in Kohala. He was captured in what is sometimes called the Battle of Kawaihae, and Keōua's body offered to sanctify the new temple.

He may have mutilated himself before landing so as to render himself an inappropriate sacrificial victim. As he stepped on shore, one of Kamehameha's chiefs threw a spear at him. By some accounts he dodged it, but was then cut down by musket fire. Caught by surprise, Keōua's bodyguards were killed.^[5]

He married at least once, to Kaʻiolaniokaʻiwalani and perhaps had two more wives, with several daughters and perhaps two sons.^[6] He was the last independent district ruler on the island of Hawaiʻi.

References

1. Kamehameha Genealogy on Hawaiian Roots web site
2. Houston, Victor S. K. (1931). "Kamehameha the Great". In Ford, Alexander Hume. The Mid-Pacific Magazine, Volume 42. T.H., A.H. Ford; Pan-Pacific Union, Pan-Pacific Research Institution. pp. 129–132.
3. Keōua Kuahuʻula page on Rootsweb Ancestry web site
4. Elizabeth Kekaaniauokalani Pratt (2009) [1920]. History of Keoua Kalanikupuapa-i-nui: father of Hawaii kings, and his descendants. T. H., republished by Kessinger Publishing. ISBN 978-1-104-76661-0.
5. Herbert Henry Gowen (1977) [1919]. The Napoleon of the Pacific: Kamehameha the Great. Revell, republished AMS Press. ISBN 978-0-404-14221-6.
6. Hawaiian Genealogy on Kekoʻolani family web site