Korail Class 311000
| Korail Class 311000/312000 | |
|---|---|
 Class 311000 (1st generation) train 311-27 (ex-Class 5000 train 5-28) at Singil Station | |
| In service | 1996-present |
| Manufacturer | Hyundai Rotem (then Daewoo Heavy Industries, Hyundai Precision & Industries, Rotem) |
| Constructed |
|
| Refurbishment |
2004-2006 Class 319000 & Class 321000: 2008 (trains 5-79~5-80 & 5-86~5-92) |
| Number built |
1085
|
| Number in service | |
| Number scrapped |
|
| Formation |
10 cars per train TC-M-M'-T-M-T'-T-M-M'-TC |
| Fleet numbers | Trains 311-01~312-00 (formerly trains 5-01~5-92) |
| Operator(s) | Korail |
| Depot(s) | Guro, Byeongjeom, Imun, Siheung |
| Line(s) served | Seoul Subway Line 1 |
| Specifications | |
| Car body construction | Steel |
| Car length | 19.6 m (64 ft) |
| Width | 3.12 m (10 ft) |
| Height | 3.8 m (12 ft) |
| Doors | 4 per side, 8 per car |
| Maximum speed | 110 km/h (68 mph) |
| Power output | 4,400 kW (5,900 hp) |
| Acceleration | 3.0 km/h/s |
| Deceleration |
3.5 km/h/s (service) 4.5 km/h/s (emergency) |
| Electric system(s) |
25kV 60Hz AC 1.5kV DC |
| Current collection method | Overhead |
| Safety system(s) | ATS |
| Coupling system | Shibata-type |
| Track gauge | 1,435 mm (4 ft 8 1⁄2 in) |
The Korail Class 311000 trains and the identical Korail Class 312000 trains, some train of which were formerly identified as Korail Class 5000 trains, are commuter electric multiple units in South Korea used on Seoul Subway Line 1. Class 311000 trains were manufactured and delivered between 1996 and 2006, and again from 2012 to 2014 to expand service on the Gyeongbu Line and the Gyeongwon Line, and to replace older trains (1st and 2nd batch Class 1000 trains). The Class 311000 trains are based on the Class 2030 (now the Class 341000 and Class 351000) trains, which entered service four years prior.
Technical details
Formation
The Class 311000/312000 cars are arranged in 10-car trains; there is a reduction in the motor car/trailer car ratio. Details of the car types of each train are listed below:
3110XX/3120XX - Tc (trailer driving car with SIV, air compressor, and battery) 3111XX/3121XX - M (motor car with inverter and controller) 3112XX/3122XX - M' (motor car with pantograph, transformer, inverter, and controller) 3113XX/3123XX - T (trailer car) 3114XX/3124XX - M' 3115XX/3125XX - T' (trailer car with SIV, air compressor, and battery) 3116XX/3126XX - T 3117XX/3127XX - M 3118XX/3128XX - M' 3119XX/3129XX - Tc
Electrical parts
Trains 311-01~311-12, 311-14~311-15, 311-17~311-34, 311-36, 311-42~311-47, and 311-49~311-59 use Toshiba GTO-based VVVF controls with active cooling, while trains 311-13, 311-16, 311-35, 311-37~311-41 and 311-48, 311-60~312-03 use IGBT controls with passive cooling through a heat pipe.
Power output on the Class 311000/312000 trains is greater than that on the Class 1000 trains. The trains are equipped with regenerative braking, reducing energy consumption and simplifying train inspection. The trains feature a more powerful air conditioning system than that on the Class 1000 trains.
Interior design
Older Class 311000 trains used an ivory-colored interior with a long sheet prior to their overhauls. All trains now use a white interior. LED display monitors are installed on the top of each car, and trains 311-83 and beyond have monitor displays that show advertisements along announcements. The end cars have a space for wheelchairs.
Cabin
Older Class 311000/312000 trains share the same cabin design with the Class 341000 and 351000 trains, excluding the inclusion of ATC devices on the Class 311000 cars. Stop notifiers are installed for express services. Trains equipped with TGIS use color displays, and service machines can be automatically controlled in TGIS after a refurbishment of these trains in 2005. Dead section notifiers are also installed.
Depot
The Class 311000/312000 trains are stored at the Guro, Byeongjeom and Imun train depots. Minor inspections are done at their home depots, while major inspections are conducted at the Siheung depot, which is located after Oido Station on Line 4.
- Imun: 311-01~311-24, 311-81~311-82
- Guro: 311-25~311-41, 311-48~311-53, 311-66~311-76, 311-83~312-03
- Byeongjeom: 311-42~311-47, 311-54~311-65, 311-77~311-80
Generations
1st generation
The first generation of Class 311000 trains are nearly identical to the first generation Class 341000 and 351000 cars, on which they were based, and were built from 1996 to 1999. The trains used the old Korail livery when delivered, but after a 2005 refurbishment, the trains started using the new livery. Because of the flat front ends, the trains are nicknamed "flat face" (납작이).
The current trains are numbered 311-01~311-41, but there was one more prior to 2008, and all were numbered in the 5000-series (trains 5-01~5-42) when delivered. Train 5-19 was involved in an accident that led to the scrapping of cars 5719 and 5119 in the train and the conversion of the remaining cars into Class 319000 trains 319-06~319-07 (see below). Meanwhile, trains 5-01~5~18 were renumbered to 311-01~311-18, and trains 5-20~5-42 into 311-19~311-41, since they were not converted.
Trains 311-01~311-27 and former train 5-19 were built by Hyundai Precision & Industries from 1996 to 1997, mainly to expand service. Trains 311-28~311-41 were built by Daewoo Heavy Industries from 1998 to 1999, mainly to replace the 1st batch Class 1000 trains, which were starting to approach the end of their 25-year lifespans.
Trains 311-28~311-41 include cars with wheelchair space. Trains 311-39 (one car only), 311-40, and 311-41 use converted 2nd batch Class 1000 trailer cars from former 1st batch sets 1-39~1-41.
2nd generation
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The second generation of Class 311000 trains are very identical to the second generation Class 341000 cars. The car body as a whole was redesigned; the front ends of the train were changed completely, and the side windows are now coated and in a single piece (as opposed to the two-window setup between doors). Because of the circular front view, the trains are nicknamed "round face" (동글이). Some 2nd generation trains used old KNR livery, but after overhauls in 2004-2005, the trains now sport the new Korail livery. The second generation trains are numbered 311-42~311-65.
Trains 311-42~311-47 were introduced following the Line 1 Gyeongbu Branch's extension from Suwon to Byeongjeom Station. They also retired more 1st batch Class 1000 trains.
Trains 311-64 & 311-65 were introduced following the Line 1 Gyeongbu Branch's extension from Byeongjeom to Cheonan Station. They use somewhat smaller bogies, and are the first to use fire-resistant interiors, LED destination signs, and LED train number indicators since their delivery.
3rd generation
The third-generation Class 311000 trains were built from 2005 to 2006 and 2012 up to the present. The front ends have been updated once again, and the trains feature snake-like headlights, giving the trains the nickname "뱀눈이" (roughly translated as "snake eyes"). The interior was also updated and the door motors are electric-powered as opposed to air-powered. The third generation trains are numbered from 311-66~311-99, but more trains will be built in the future.
1st batch
The first design of the 3rd generation Class 311000 trains were built and delivered from 2005 to 2006 mainly to address new extensions that opened at the time, especially on the 4-track Gyeongin Line, the Gyeongwon Line, and the new double-tracked and electrified Jungang Line. They also replaced the rebuilt 1st/2nd batch Class 1000 trains (trains 1-82 and 1-88~1-94) and four un-overhauled 2nd batch trains, which were retired in 2006 as they did not conform to fire safety standards.
The current trains are numbered 311-66~311-82, but there were more trains prior to 2008, and all were numbered in the 5000-series (trains 5-66~5-92) when delivered. Trains 5-79~5-80, and 5-86~5-92 were converted into Class 319000 trains 319-01~319-05 (see below) and Class 321000 trains 321-01~321-07 and parts of 321-15~321-18. Meanwhile, trains 5-67~5~78 were renumbered to 311-66~311-77, and trains 5-81~5-85 into 311-78~311-82, since they were not converted.
Trains 311-66~311-77 were originally to be built in the Uiwang factory, but the factory was later closed due to financial problems with Hyundai Rotem. Trains 311-78~311-82 feature a slightly different interior and ventilation system, and are capable of one-person operation. Car 311580 in trains 311-80 was converted into the "365" business transactions car from 2010 until the end of 2013.
2nd batch
The second batch of the third-generation Class 311000 trains were built from 2012 to 2014. They are replaced older 2nd batch Class 1000 trains that reached the end of their 25-year lifespans. The front has somewhat changed, and several improvements were made to the interior, including new overhead LCD destination displays and clearer speakers.
The trains are numbered 311-83~311-94, and were delivered new under the 311000-series numbering. Trains 311-83~311-87 used converted Class 321000 cars when delivered in August 2012, but due to complaints from Jungang Line passengers about shortened trains on the line, the trains were taken out of service in late 2013, reconfigured with newly made cars in 2014, and redeployed in August 2014. Trains 311-92~311-94 use LED headlights, and are the first trains to be delivered new with LED headlights. Trains 311-90~311-91 were originally 8-car Class 361000 trains 361-14~361-15, and were last used on the Jungang Line to make up for the shortened trains on the line. Following the lengthening of the Jungang Line's trains back to eight cars, the two trains were taken out of service, lengthened to 10 cars with two newly built cars, and redeployed on Line 1 in December 2014.[4]
3rd batch & Class 312000 trains
The third batch of the third-generation Class 311000 and the Class 312000 trains were built and have been being delivered since 2016. They are replacing older 2nd batch Class 1000 trains that are reaching the end of their 25-year lifespans. The third batch trains sport some minor changes, such as single-arm pantographs (similar to those used on ITX-Saemaul trains and KTX trains), CCTV cameras, and a third headlight in the same compartment as the destination sign and the run number indicator.
Refurbishment
Older Class 311000 trains were overhauled from 2004 to 2006 (though minor refurbishments were started in 2002). Major and minor refurbishments are listed below.
Overhaul
The Daegu subway fire compelled Korail to introduce flame-resistant interiors for passenger safety. As a result, all trains built before 2004 were overhauled with fire-retardant interiors.
New livery
All 1st generation trains and some 2nd generation trains used an old KNR green livery. These trains were repainted into the current blue and red livery in 2006. The new livery has a metaphor of Taegeuk, but was criticized as being too primitive-looking. Livery is applied only on front and on the doors.
Electric parts
- 2002: Stop notifiers were installed . After overhauls between 2004-2005, TGIS systems were improved to integrate the stop notfiers.
- 2003: Comonet broadcasting system was introduced in train 311-37. It has since been removed.
- 2004: SIV traction systems were replaced with IGBT traction systems built by Woojin Industrial Systems.
- 2005: Trains 311-60~311-62, and part of trains 311-63 (311163, 311263 & 311563) used IGBT inverters (other cars in train 311-63 used GTO inverters). Later on, these trains had their GTO inverters replaced with IGBT inverters.
- 2007: The inverter of car 311880 (at the time numbered 5783) was changed temporarily.
- 2012: Train 311-35 was retrofitted with IGBT inverters, trains 311-47, 311-53~311-54 had their air-powered door motors replaced with electric-powered door motors, and train 311-75 was retrofitted with LED headlights to test out LED headlights as an option for all existing and future Korail metro railcars.
- 2015: Trains 311-13, 311-16, and 311-48 were retrofitted with IGBT inverters, and trains 311-51~311-52, 311-55~311~60 had their air-powered door motors replaced with electric-powered door motors.
- 2016: Trains 311-37~311-41 were retrofitted with IGBT inverters.
From August 2008 all trains were retrofitted with automatic gangway doors (similar retrofits were also done in Class 321000, 341000, and 351000 trains). This retrofit included the installation of automatic doors to replace the older doors that were manually pulled open; gangway doors can now be automatically opened by the push of a button. This retrofit process was completed by 2013.
Many trains are now being retrofitted with LED headlights, following the successful testing of LED headlights in trains 311-75 and 311-92~311-94.
Renumbering
Starting from March 2011, former Class 5000 trains were renumbered from the 5000-series to the 311000-series as a part of a new numbering scheme by Korail (the leading "3" indicating a metro car). Renumbering was finished in September 2011.
Accidents
- On May 12, 2007, a Class 4400 locomotive bound for Incheon crashed into train 5-19 at Yeongdeungpo Station. As a result, the two cars nearest to the locomotive (5119 and 5719) were seriously damaged and subsequently scrapped, while the remaining cars were refurbished into Class 319000 trains 319-06 and 319-07 (two trains of four cars).
- On May 1, 2010, train 311-74 (which was known as Class 5000 train 5-75 at the time of the accident) was involved in an accident with Class 1000 train 1-58 at the Guro Car Depot. As a result, car 1158 suffered major damage and was scrapped, while 5075 suffered minor damage at the front, so the whole train was taken to be renumbered into Class 311000 train 311-74 with car 5075 being repaired.
Conversions
Many former Class 5000 trains were not renumbered into the 311000-series and were instead converted into new class trains. Conversions include:
- Train 5-19 (eight cars) into Class 319000 trains 319-06~319-07 after being involved in an accident.
- Trains 5-79~5-80 (10 cars) into Class 319000 trains 319-01~319-05 and parts of Class 321000 trains 321-15~321-18. The gangways and interiors were refurbished while the cars from these trains were converted. The cars converted into Class 321000 cars now operate on the Gyeongui-Jungang Line.
- Trains 5-86~5-92 (70 cars) into Class 321000 trains 321-01~321-07 and parts of 321-15~321-18 (along with some Class 6000 trains). These trains now operate on the Gyeongui-Jungang Line.
See also
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to Korail Class 311000. |
References
- 1 2 3 16 cars from 311-90~311-91 were built as 361-14~361-15 in 2010
- ↑ 8 cars are now in service as trains 319-06~319-07
- ↑ 90 cars are now in service as trains 319-01~319-05 & 321-01~321-18
- ↑ http://blog.naver.com/jascoco/220194878222