Koreans in France
Total population | |
---|---|
12,684[1] | |
Regions with significant populations | |
Paris, Villeurbanne, Grenoble, Strasbourg, Toulouse | |
Languages | |
Korean, French | |
Religion | |
Mahayana Buddhism[2] | |
Related ethnic groups | |
Korean diaspora, Koryo-Saram |
Koreans in France numbered 12,684 individuals as of 2011, making them the 3rd-largest Korean diaspora community in Western Europe, according to South Korea's Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade.[1]
Migration history
Korean migration to France began in 1919, when the government of France issued work permits to 35 Korean migrant labourers.[3] From a community of just 3,310 in 1988, their numbers more than tripled by 2000, and then grew a further 30% by 2007.[4][5] However, from 2009 to 2011, their population shrank by 14%.[1] The vast majority live in Paris — about two-thirds, according to 2011 data, compared with four-fifths a decade before — with the largest concentrations in the 15th arrondissement. There more than twice as many women as men; the population has grown more gender-imbalanced as compared to a decade prior.[6][1] Unlike in the United States or Canada, with their large Korean American and Korean Canadian communities, few Koreans in France seek to naturalise as French citizens.[7] Among all South Korean nationals or former nationals in France, 786 (6%) have become French citizens, 2,268 (18%) are permanent residents, 6,325 (50%) are international students, and the remaining 3,305 (26%) hold other kinds of visas.[1]
Aside from South Korean expatriates, children adopted from Korea into French families form another portion of France's Korean population; most were adopted at between ages three and nine.[8] The number of North Korean refugees has also been on the rise.[9]
Education
Koreans in France are served by five Korean-language weekend schools, the oldest and largest of which is the Paris Hangul School, established 18 August 1974; it enrolled 170 students as of 2007.[10] Four others, in Villeurbanne, Grenoble, Strasbourg, and Toulouse, were established between 1994 and 2000; they enrolled a further 78 students.[11][12][13][14] A significant number also attend French universities; in total, about half of the Korean population in France are estimated to be students, falling from two-thirds a decade ago.[6][1]
Inter-ethnic relations
Not many French people know that their country has a Korean community at all.[3] In many cases, Koreans are mistaken for Chinese and thus lumped in as economic refugees.[15]
Only about 200 of the South Koreans in France are members of internationally married couples consisting of a South Korean partner and a French partner.[6] Such couples experience a number of cultural conflicts, most commonly over the rigour of their children's education.[7]
Portrayals in popular culture of Koreans in France include the 2004 South Korean television series Lovers in Paris; its popularity has resulted in an increase in the number of Korean tourists visiting France.[3] A more recent one is Hong Sang-soo's 2008 film Night and Day.[16]
Notable people
- Myung-whun Chung, Seoul-born Korean American, director of the Orchestre Philharmonique de Radio France
- Jean-Baptiste Kim, former unofficial North Korean spokesman[17]
- Fleur Pellerin, Ministry of Culture[18]
- Jean-Vincent Placé, French politician[19]
- Daul Kim, Korean model
See also
References
Notes
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 MOFAT 2011, p. 259
- ↑ "Korean Buddhist organisations in France", World Buddhist Directory, Buddha Dharma Education Association, 2006, retrieved 2009-03-09
- 1 2 3 Lee 2006
- ↑ Lee-Le Neindre 2001, p. 1
- ↑ MOFAT 2009
- 1 2 3 Lee-Le Neindre 2001, p. 2
- 1 2 Lee-Le Neindre 2001, p. 5
- ↑ Ventureyra & Palliere 2004, p. 208
- ↑ 프랑스 북한주민돕기위원회: "북한난민처리 기준 결의안 발의, 유럽의회에 올해 요청할 것", Radio Free Asia (in Korean), 2006-01-18, retrieved 2007-05-30
- ↑ NIIED 2007, 파리한글학교
- ↑ NIIED 2007, 그르노블한국학교
- ↑ NIIED 2007, 뚜르즈한글학교
- ↑ NIIED 2007, 리용한글학교
- ↑ NIIED 2007, 스트라스부르그한글학교
- ↑ Lee-Le Neindre 2001, p. 3
- ↑ Fainaru, Dan (2008-02-12), "Night and Day", Screen Daily, retrieved 2012-08-22
- ↑ Michael, Christopher (2008-04-09), "From despot's PR man to Surrey salesman", The Spectator, retrieved 2009-09-01
- ↑ "Korean Adoptee Becomes French Deputy Minister", Chosun Ilbo, 2012-05-18, retrieved 2012-05-19
- ↑ Falletti, Sébastien (2011-11-01), "Jean-Vincent Placé renoue avec ses racines coréennes", Le Figaro, retrieved 2012-08-18
Sources
- Lee, Yang-gu (May 2006), "120th Anniversary of Korea-France Diplomatic Relations", The Korea Foundation Newsletter, 15 (2), retrieved 2008-12-07
- Lee-Le Neindre, Bouriane (September 2001), "L'interculturel entre l'Orient et l'Occident - les particularités et les difficultés à travers les cas des résidents coréens en France", Actes du VIIIe congrès de l'Association pour la recherche interculturelle (PDF), University of Geneva, retrieved 2008-12-07
- Ventureyra, Valérie A.G.; Palliere, Christophe (2004), "In search of the lost language: The case of adopted Koreans in France", in Schmid, Monika S., First Language Attrition: Interdisciplinary Perspectives on Methodological Issues, Amsterdam, Netherlands: John Benjamins Publishing Company, pp. 207–224, ISBN 90-272-4139-2
- 재외동포현황/Current Status of Overseas Compatriots, South Korea: Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade, 2009, retrieved 2009-05-21
- 《재외동포 본문(지역별 상세)》, Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade, 2011-07-15, retrieved 2012-05-19
- "Europe", Overseas Korean Educational Institutions, Seoul: National Institute for International Education Development, 2007, retrieved 2008-12-07
Further reading
- Lim, Young-hee (November 2004), "History of Koreans in France", International Conference on Korean Historical Materials and the History of Koreans in Europe, University of Bonn
External links
- Le Journal Hanweekly, a newspaper aimed at Koreans in France