Krum's dynasty
| Krum's dynasty Крумова династия | |
|---|---|
| Country | First Bulgarian Empire (803–991) |
| Parent house | Dulo clan (?) |
| Titles | Khan, Knyaz, Tsar |
| Founded | 803 |
| Founder | Krum |
| Final ruler | Roman |
| Dissolution | 997 |
| Ethnicity | Bulgar |
Krum's dynasty (Bulgarian: Крумова династия) refers to the royal and later imperial family founded by the Khan of Bulgaria Krum (r. 803–814), producing the monarchs of First Bulgarian Empire between 803 and 991. During this period Bulgaria adopted Christianity, reached its greatest territorial extend and a golden age of culture and literature. Under the patronage of these monarch Bulgaria became the birthplace of the Cyrillic alphabet; old Bulgarian became the lingua franca of much of Eastern Europe and it came to be known as Old Church Slavonic. As a result of the victory in the Byzantine–Bulgarian war of 913–927 the Byzantine Empire recognized the imperial title of the Bulgarian rulers and the Bulgarian Orthodox Church as an independent Patriarchate.
The last representative of the dynasty, Tsar Roman (r. 977-991), was succeeded by Tsar Samuel (r. 997–1014) of the Cometopuli dynasty,[1] upon his death in Byzantine captivity in 997, after spending six years in prison. Samuel had made the last member of Krum's dynasty a nominal head of state in 977, in order to avoid conflict.[2]
History
Krum was originally a Bulgar chieftain in Pannonia. His background and the surroundings of his accession as khan of Bulgaria is unknown.[3] It has been speculated that he was a descendant of khan Kubrat (c. 632–665) and his rule marked the return of the Dulo clan, the first dynasty of Bulgaria.[3]
Members
Monarchs
- Krum, khan (r. 803–814)
- Omurtag, khan (r. 814–831)
- Malamir, khan (r. 831–836)
- Presian I, khan (r. 836–852)
- Boris I, khan, knyaz (r. 852–889)
- Vladimir-Rasate, knyaz (r. 889–893)
- Simeon I, knyaz, tsar (r. 893–927)
- Peter I, tsar (r. 927–969)
- Boris II, tsar (r. 969–971)
- Roman, tsar (r. 977–991)
Family tree
References
- ↑ Национален исторически музей (1995). Национален Исторически Музей София. The Museum. p. 91.
- ↑ Assen Nicoloff (1969). Samuel's Bulgaria. Assen Nicoloff. p. 10.
- 1 2 Fine 1991, p. 94.
Sources
- Fine, John V. A, Jr. (1991). The Early Medieval Balkans: A Critical Survey from the Sixth to the Late Twelfth Century. Michigan: The University of Michigan Press. ISBN 0-472-08149-7.