La Tribuna (Paraguay)
La Tribuna was one of the most important daily newspapers in Paraguay's history. It was founded in 1925 in Asunción by Eduardo Schaerer, and was the country's leading newspaper for five decades.[1] La Tribuna was the first Paraguayan paper to be widely published across the country. Politically, La Tribuna was positioned between liberalism and traditional national politics. It opposed especially the dictatorial regimes of Higinio Moríñigo and Alfredo Stroessner.[2] During these dictatorial regimes, the editors became the target of persecution.[3] Their crusade in favor of the Free Press in Paraguay gained attention abroad. In 1953, the newspaper's director, Arturo Schaerer, received the María Moors Cabot Prize from Columbia University.
History
La Tribuna was founded in Asunción on December 31, 1925, by former Paraguayan president Eduardo Schaerer. La Tribuna was not Schaerer's first media outlet. In 1905, Eduardo Schaerer founded "The Journal" alongside Guadalberto Cardús Huerta and Adolfo Riquelme.[1]
After the death of President José Félix Estigarribia in 1940, General Higinio Morínigo became President. Morínigo persecuted many politicians and well known members of the liberal party. This persecution of the independent press resulted in the closure of La Tribuna several times. General Alfredo Stroessner ascended to the Presidency of Paraguay in 1954. During his Presidency, La Tribuna continued to exist under similar circumstances and was constantly threatened. Schaerer asked for support from ambassadors and international contacts to keep the newspaper in operation. The continuing existence of La Tribuna worried the dictatorial government.
Starting in 1954, La Tribuna's director had the support of Carlos Ruiz Apezteguia, who denounced the abuse and crimes of the government and the breakdown of the rule of law. In November 1956, La Tribuna was raided and Ruiz Apezteguia was arrested, tortured and then abandoned in a boat on the shores of Clorinda, Argentina. Ruiz Apezteguia began his exile in Montevideo, Uruguay. Under international pressure, Ruiz Apezteguia returned to Paraguay in 1959 and resumed his journalistic work in the newspaper.
Despite the political unrest and the persecution La Tribuna was subjected to in the following decades, the newspaper grew into one of the most respected newspapers on the continent. La Tribuna had agencies in many countries and grew from a circulation of 2,000 daily copies at its founding to more than 70,000 by the year 1965. In 1953, Arturo Schaerer and his newspaper were given the oldest international journalism award, the Maria Moors Cabot prize from Columbia University, for the paper's work as independent press publication placing itself in opposition to the totalitarian regimes in Paraguay.
Arturo Schaerer remained director of La Tribuna until May 15, 1972, when he was succeeded by Carlos Ruiz Apezteguia. At the time, Ruiz Apezteguia was a journalist and the husband of Schaerer's daughter, Myriam, and had been an involved partner and manager of La Tribuna for more than two decades. As director of La Tribuna, he denounced abuses in the negotiations associated with the Treaty of Itaipu and Yacyreta (with Brazil and Argentina respectively) on the construction of dams.
In 1976, La Tribuna was closed, along with the newspaper Ultima Hora. La Tribuma reopened in 1979. In 1983 La Tribuna, with new owners, became the newspaper Noticias.
References
- 1 2 González de Bosio, Beatriz (2001). Periodismo escrito Paraguayo, 1845-2001: de la afición a la profesión. Asunción: CEPUC, Centro de Publicaciones, Universidad Católica "Ntra. Sra. de la Asunción". p. 232.
- ↑ Chesterton, Bridget María (2013). Grandchildren of Solano López : Frontier and Nation in Paraguay, 1904–1936. UNM Press. p. 110. ISBN 9780826353481.
- ↑ Weil, Thomas E. (1972). Area handbook for Paraguay. Washington DC: U.S. Govt. Print. Office. p. 118.