Lancia Delta

Lancia Delta
Lancia Delta LX 1.3 (1986-1991, first generation)
Overview
Manufacturer	Lancia
Production	1979–1999 2008–2014
Body and chassis
Class	Small family car (C)
Body style	5-door hatchback

The Lancia Delta is a small family car produced by Italian automobile manufacturer Lancia in three generations. The first generation produced between 1979 and 1994, the second generation from 1993 to 1999, and the third generation from 2008 to 2014.

The Delta was first shown at the Frankfurt Motor Show in 1979.^[1] The Delta dominated the World Rally Championship during the late 1980s and early 1990s. The homologation requirements of Group A regulations meant marketing road-going versions of these competition cars — the Lancia Delta HF 4WD and HF Integrale. A total of 44,296 Integrales were produced.^[2]

First generation

First generation
1982 Delta 1500
Overview
Also called	Saab-Lancia 600
Production	1979–1994
Designer	Giorgetto Giugiaro at Italdesign
Body and chassis
Body style	5-door hatchback
Layout	Front-engine, front-wheel-drive Front-engine, four-wheel-drive
Related	Lancia Prisma
Powertrain
Engine	1.1 L I4 (petrol) 1.3 L I4 (petrol) 1.5 L I4 (petrol) 1.6 L I4 (petrol) 1.6 L I4 (turbocharged petrol) 2.0 L I4 (turbocharged petrol) 1.9 L I4 (turbocharged diesel)
Transmission	4-speed manual 5-speed manual 3-speed automatic
Dimensions
Wheelbase	2,475 mm (97.4 in)
Length	3,885 mm (153.0 in) (1979–1982) 3,895 mm (153.3 in) (1982–1994)
Width	1,620 mm (63.8 in)
Height	1,380 mm (54.3 in) 1,355 mm (53.3 in)
Kerb weight	955–1,340 kg (2,105–2,954 lb)

The first Delta (Tipo 831) was a five-door hatchback, designed by Giorgetto Giugiaro and released in 1979. Between 1980 and 1982, it was also sold in Sweden by Saab Automobile, badged as the Saab-Lancia 600. The Delta was voted the 1980 European Car of the Year.

A special Delta HF Integrale version was a four-wheel drive hot hatch with a turbocharged petrol engine. Modified versions of the HF dominated the World Rally Championship, scoring 46 WRC victories overall and winning the Constructors Championship a record six times in a row from 1987 to 1992, in addition to Drivers' Championship titles for Juha Kankkunen (1987 and 1991) and Miki Biasion (1988 and 1989).

The Lancia Delta S4, which the works team ran immediately prior to the HF 4WD and Integrale models' world championship careers from the season-ending 1985 RAC Rally until the end of the 1986 season, while sharing the same name and appearance, was a Group B race car designed and built specifically for rallying, and was entirely different from the mass-produced consumer versions.

History

Development

The car that would become the Delta during its development went by the project codename Y 5,^[3] was conceived as an upmarket front-wheel drive small family car positioned below the larger Beta; an offering around four meters in length had been absent from Lancia's lineup since the demise of the Fulvia Berlina in 1973. Design was by Giorgetto Giugiaro's Italdesign. Its platform put together MacPherson suspension developed for the Beta with four-cylinder, SOHC engines derived from the Fiat Ritmo. The Fiat engines were revised by Lancia engineers with a Weber twin-choke carburettor, a new inlet manifold, exhaust system and ignition. To achieve its market positioning the Delta offered features uncommon in the segment, as fully independent suspension, rack and pinion steering, available air conditioning, optional split-folding rear seat, height-adjustable steering wheel, and defogger.^[4] Its three-piece body-coloured bumpers made from polyester resin sheet moulding compound were claimed by Lancia to be a first in the industry. The heating and ventilation were developed with help from Saab, experts in the field.^[5]

Debut

Whilst details about the car were known since the spring,^[3] the Lancia Delta was unveiled to the public at the September 1979 Frankfurt Motor Show,^[6] At launch three models were offered: the base Delta 1300 4-speed, with a 1301 cc 75 PS engine and simplified equipment, Delta 1300 5-speed, which added more features and an overdrive fifth gear for cruising, and Delta 1500, with a 1498 cc 85 PS engine and a 5-speed gearbox. The Delta was met with warm reception at the Frankfurt unveiling by the Italian press and by the German one^[7] to booth; in December it was awarded the Car of the Year 1980 recognition by a jury of 53 automotive journalists from 16 European countries.^[8]

1982 Delta 1500, rear view

Sales started in October 1979; 43,000 were sold in 1980, and by the end of 1981 production had exceeded 100,000.^[9] At the beginning of 1982 as an automatic transmission option was added, the 1500 Automatica; its 3-speed was built by Lancia in the Verrone plant and was already being installed on Betas.^[10] In March the top-of-the-line 1500 LX trim level joined the lineup; it featured extended convenience equipment, metallic paint, 14-inch alloy wheels penned by Giugiaro and wool cloth upholstery in a chequered fabric specially designed by Italian fashion house Zegna.^[11] Two months after the trim level was extended to the 1.3-litre engine too, which simultaneously increased its output to 78 PS thanks to a raised compression ratio and electronic ignition.^[12]

1982 facelift

Facelifted Lancia Delta

November 1982 brought the first facelift for the Delta.^[13] The bumpers were changed from three-piece sheet moulded compound to one-piece thermoplastic polymer, the front one was redesigned with a more prominent lower spoiler; another aerodynamic addition was a flat body-colour spoiler applied to the rear part of the roof. Other changes included the deletion of the anodised fascia between the rear tail lights and a 40 kg weight reduction on all models. Inside there were new seats and, on the range topping models, an optional digital trip computer. Concurrently the Delta GT 1600 was launched,^[13] the car's first sporting variant. It was powered by a 1585 cc, 105 PS twin-cam engine with Marelli Digiplex ignition; lower profile tyres, retuned suspensions and disk brakes on all four wheels completed the package. Standard equipment was the richest available and some optionals like air conditioning were exclusive to the GT; the cabin was upholstered in Zegna cloth. Outside details like a "GT" badge on the right side of the grille and matte black door handles and window trim distinguished it from other Deltas. As the 5-speed 1500, 4-speed 1300 and LX versions were dropped — the latter only to be reintroduced in April 1984 on the 1300 LX, with revised equipment—the range was now composed of three models. On 9 March 1984 the 200,000th Delta left the Chivasso factory.^[14]

Delta HF

The first performance Delta was the Delta HF, which was introduced in July 1983 and went on sale in September^[15] after a first appearance at the Frankfurt Motor Show.^[16] the HF acronym—last used on the Stratos—stood for "High Fidelity", and had been used on performance version of Lancia cars since 1966.^[17] It was front-wheel drive and powered by a turbocharged version of the 1.6-litre engine from the Delta GT; the system used a Garrett TBO- 225 turbocharger with wastegate valve, an air-to-air heat exchanger, a blow-through twin-choke Weber carburetor and Marelli Microplex ignition with pre-ignition control. To withstand the additional stress deriving from turbocharging upgrades were made to the oil system, with increased capacity and an oil cooler, and to the heads with sodium-filled valves. The gearbox was a ZF 5-speed unit. Dampers, springs and steering were retuned, and the tyres were wide 175/65 Michelin TRX on R 340 alloy wheels. In true Lancia tradition the exterior of the HF was relatively understated: changes were limited to silver "HF" badging on the grille, a deeper chin spoiler, black trim, new unpainted side skirts with small silver "turbo" badges in front of the rear wheels, the 1982 roof spoiler painted in black, air intake cowls on the bonnet grilles, bronze-tinted athermic glass and 8-spoke alloy wheels. The cabin featured a leather-covered steering wheel and supplementary digital instrumentation with bar indicators; the upholstery material was the usual Zegna fabric and Recaro sport seats in the same cloth were optional. About ten thousand Delta HF were made, in a two-year production period.^[18]

A special limited edition of the HF, named HF Martini integrale, was launched at the March 1984 Geneva Motor Show.^[19] To celebrate the rally victories of the Lancia-Martini Rally 037 it was painted white with a Martini stripe on the side; Martini interior with Recaro Seats where standard only 150 where produced between 1984 and 1985.

Delta HF turbo

In October 1985 Lancia unveiled alongside the road-going Delta S4 a new version of the HF, renamed Delta HF turbo^[18] in view of the four-wheel-drive HF début awaited after the next summer. To address some criticisms^[20] the car was given less subdued styling features and more generous equipment to differentiate it from the other Deltas; namely red "HF turbo" script on the grille, the side skirts and the rear hatch, a three-spoke sport steering wheel, dual wing mirrors, a two-colour pinstripe along the mid-bodyside character line and Pirelli P6 tyres on 14-inch Cromodora alloy wheels with a new 8-hole design. Price, technical specifications and performance remained mostly unchanged. When the more powerful, four-wheel-drive HF models were introduced in the later years the HF turbo remained on sale alongside them.

1986 facelift

Post-1986 Lancia Delta HF turbo

The HF turbo soon lost its crown as top-of-the-range Delta, as the turbocharged 2.0-litre and four-wheel drive Delta HF 4WD was unveiled at the April 1986 Turin Motor Show. Some of the features of the HF 4WD previewed a major mid-cycle refresh for the entire Delta range, which arrived in May 1986 and was put on sale in June.^[21][22] New enveloping bumpers—the front one with provisions for integrated fog lights—gave the car a more modern look; the entire front end was changed with a new grille and new headlight covers, which were slanted forward and protruded from the bodywork in an effort to make the car more aerodynamic. The roof spoiler introduced in 1982 was removed. Seven models composed the '86 range: 1.3, LX 1.3, 1.5 Automatica, GT i.e., HF turbo, HF 4WD and turbo ds. Entry-level model was the 1.3; the 1301 cc engine had revised intake and exhaust system, fuel cut-off, a new carburettor and breakerless ignition. It was also available on the more upscale LX 1.3. Similar changes were made to the powertrain of the Delta 1.5 Automatica. The Delta HF turbo and GT were given Weber IAW integrated electronic ignition and fuel injection system to become the Delta HF turbo i.e. and the Delta GT i.e., respectively with 140 and 108 PS. Deeper changes had been made to the GT i.e. engine: the cylinder head had been rotated 180°, bringing the exhaust side to the front for better cooling, and the whole engine was canted forward 18° to lower the centre of gravity. Delta HF turbo was updated to HF 4WD looks and interior, from which it differed mainly for the square headlights and single exhaust. Delta turbo ds marked the introduction of the first diesel engine on the Delta. This was a 1929 cc 8-valve four-cylinder from the Prisma, with an output of 80 PS; it used a KKK turbocharger with wastegate valve, an intercooler and an oil cooler. The turbo ds was positioned on the market like the GT i.e., and given similarly complete standard equipment comprising such features as an oil pressure gauge, boost pressure gauge and power steering.

In September 1987 the HF 4WD was replaced by the more capable Delta HF integrale, which in turn evolved into the 16-valve Delta HF integrale 16v in March 1989.

A new sporty trim level for the 1.3 was added in May 1990, the Delta Personalizzata, available in red or white with contrasting twin pinstripe and electric blue cloth upholstery; standard equipment comprised body-colour wing mirrors, tachometer, clock and sport steering wheel.^[23] Later that year the turbo ds, GT i.e. and HF turbo benefited of extended standard equipment, new velour and Alcantara trim; leather Recaro seats became available on the HF integrale.^[24]

1992 Delta GT i.e.

1991 revisions

In June 1991 the last update of the Delta went on sale, almost twelve years after its 1979 début.^[25] The front-wheel drive range was reduced to three models, LX, GT i.e. and HF turbo; all three of them had gained body-colour side skirts, dual body-colour wing mirrors, athermic glass, electric windows and seat belts. LX and GT i.e. donned a chrome grille, the louvered bonnet from the HF integrale 8v and optional 8-spoke diamond-cut alloy wheels from the Dedra. Updated colour and trim included green and blue "Metallescente" mica paint and glen plaid cloth upholstery. The Delta LX abandoned the 1.3 in favour of a revised version of the 1.5-litre engine. Dual round headlights and the domed, vented bonnet from the HF integrale 16v made the HF turbo look almost like an HF integrale. ^[26]

As the second generation was ready to be launched in 1993, after a career of 13 years the front-wheel drive Delta was phased out at the end of 1992. Production of the HF integrale would continue for two years more.

Four-wheel-drive HF variants

HF 4WD

1986 Delta HF 4WD

Group B rallying was dropped at the end of the 1986 season, but the Delta HF 4WD was not suited to Group A rallying. The Delta HF Turbo became the road car top of the Delta range. There is very little to distinguish the car from the earlier 'Turbo i.e.' apart from the four-headlight system, fog lamps mounted in the front spoiler, 4WD badging on the rear hatch, small side skirts and two raised air intakes on the bonnet (hood). The later car is therefore virtually indistinguishable from the 1600 cc HF Turbo i.e.

In the Delta HF 4X4, Lancia opted for a four-wheel drive system with an in-built torque-splitting action. Three differentials were used. Drive to the front wheels is linked through a free-floating differential; drive to the rear wheels is transmitted via a 56/44 front/rear torque-splitting Ferguson viscous-coupling-controlled epicyclic central differential. At the rear wheels is a Torsen (torque sensing) rear differential. It divides the torque between the wheels according to the available grip, with a maximum lockup of 70%.

The basic suspension layout of the Delta 4WD remains the same as in the rest of the two-wheel drive Delta range: MacPherson strut–type independent suspension with dual-rate dampers and helicoidal springs, with the struts and springs set slightly off-centre.

The suspension mounting provided more isolation by incorporating flexible rubber links. Progressive rebound bumpers were adopted, while the damper rates, front and rear toe-in and the relative angle between springs and dampers have all been altered. The steering was power-assisted rack and pinion.

Integrale 8v

1989 Lancia Delta HF Integrale 8V at the Birmingham Motorshow

The Lancia HF Integrale incorporated some of the features of the Delta HF 4WD into a road car. The engine was an 8-valve 2 L fuel injected 4-cylinder, with balancing shafts. The HF version featured new valves, valve seats and water pump, larger water and oil radiators, more powerful cooling fan and bigger air cleaner. A larger capacity Garrett T3 turbocharger with improved air flow and bigger inter-cooler, revised settings for the electronic injection/ignition control unit and a knock sensor, boost power output to 185 bhp (DIN) (136 kW) at 5300 rpm and maximum torque of 31 m·kgf (304 N·m, 224 lbf·ft) at 3500 rpm.

The HF Integrale had permanent 4-wheel drive, a front transversely mounted engine and five-speed gearbox. An epicyclic centre differential normally splits the torque 56 per cent to the front axle, 44 per cent to the rear. A Ferguson viscous coupling balanced the torque split between front and rear axles depending on road conditions and tyre grip. The Torsen rear differential further divides the torque delivered to each rear wheel according to grip available. A shorter final drive ratio (3.111 instead of 2.944 on the HF 4WD) matched the larger 6.5x15 wheels to give 24 mph/1000 rpm (39 km/h per 1000 rpm) in fifth gear.

Braking and suspension were uprated to 284 mm (11.2 in) ventilated front discs, a larger brake master cylinder and servo, as well as revised front springs, dampers, and front struts.

1993 Lancia Delta HF Integrale at the 2006 Goodwood Festival of Speed

The HF Integrale was facelited with bulged wheel arches for the wider section 195/55 VR tyres on 15-inch 6J alloy wheels. A new bonnet incorporated air louvres while the restyled bumpers wrapped around to meet the wheel arches at front and rear. The front bumper, now wider, incorporates air intakes and for the rectangular auxiliary driving lights. The side skirts are faired into the wheel arches at front and rear and the twin rear view mirrors are finished in body colour. There were only 50 RHD factory built cars, none of which were officially imported to the UK.

Integrale 16v

The 16v Integrale was developed for rallying, introduced at the 1989 Geneva Motorshow,^[27] and made a winning debut on the 1989 San Remo Rally.

It featured a raised centre of the bonnet to accommodate the new 16 valve engine, as well as wider wheels and tyres and new identity badges front and rear. The torque split was changed to 47% front and 53% rear.

The turbocharged 2-litre Lancia 16v engine produced 200 bhp (149 kW) at 5500 rpm, for a maximum speed of 137 mph (220 km/h) and 0–100 km/h (0-62 mph) in 5.5  seconds. Changes included larger injectors, a more responsive Garrett T3 turbocharger, a more efficient intercooler, and the ability to run on unleaded fuel without modification.

Integrale Evoluzione

Lancia Delta Evo

The first Evoluzione cars were built at the end of 1991 and through 1992. These were to be the final homologation cars for the Lancia Rally Team; the Catalytic Evoluzione II (below) was never rallied by the factory.

The Evoluzione I had a wider track front and rear than earlier Deltas.^[1] The bodyside arches were extended and became more rounded. The wings were now made in a single pressing. The front strut top mounts were also raised, which necessitated a front strut brace. The new Integrale retained the four wheel drive layout. The engine was modified to produce 210 bhp (157 kW) at 5750 rpm.

External changes included: new grilles in the front bumper to improve the air intake for engine compartment cooling; a redesigned bonnet (hood) with new lateral air slats to further assist underbonnet ventilation; an adjustable roof spoiler above the tailgate; new five-bolt wheels with the same design of the rally cars; and a new single exhaust pipe.

Interior trim was now grey Alcantara on the Recaro seats, as fitted to the earlier 16V cars; leather and air conditioning were offered as options, as well as a leather-covered Momo steering wheel.

Integrale Evoluzione II

Lancia Delta HF Integrale 16v Evoluzione II

Presented in June 1993, the second Evolution version of the Delta HF Integrale featured an updated version of the 2-litre 16-valve turbo engine to produce more power, as well as a three-way catalyst and Lambda probe.^[27] A Marelli integrated engine control system with an 8 MHz clock frequency which incorporates:

• timed sequential multipoint injection;
• self-adapting injection times;
• automatic idling control;
• engine protection strategies depending on the temperature of intaken air;
• Mapped ignition with two double outlet coils;
• Three-way catalyst and pre-catalyst with lambda probe (oxygen sensor) on the turbine outlet link;
• Anti-evaporation system with air line for canister flushing optimised for the turboengine;
• New Garrett turbocharger: water-cooled with boost-drive management i.e. boost controlled by feedback from the central control unit on the basis of revs/throttle angle;
• Knock control by engine block sensor and new signal handling software for spark park advance, fuel quantity injected, and turbocharging;

The engine developed 215 PS (158 kW) DIN (against 210 PS on the earlier uncatalysed version) and maximum torque of 32 kgf·m (314 N·m) (formerly 31 kgf·m or 300 N·m).

The 1993 Integrale received a cosmetic and functional facelift that included.

• new 16" light alloy rims with 205/45 ZR 16 tyres;
• body colour roof moulding to underline the connection between the roof and the Solar control windows;
• aluminium fuel cap and air-intake grilles on the front mudguards;
• red-painted cylinder head;
• new leather-covered three-spoke MOMO steering wheel;
• standard Recaro seats upholstered in beige Alcantara with diagonal stitching.

Limited editions and specials

In its latter years the Delta HF gave birth to a number of limited and numbered editions, differing mainly in colour, trim and equipment; some were put on general sale, while others were reserved to specific markets, clubs or selected customers.

Lancia Delta HF (831), limited editions
Name	Image	Intr. date	Base mod.	No. made	Paint colour	Special exterior features	Notes
					Upholstery	Special interior features
Martini[19]		03/1984	HF		white	Martini stripe on sides
					Zegna cloth	Recaro seats
Martini 5[28]		01/1992	"Evo"	400	white	Martini stripe on sides, black bonnet grilles and spoiler, white wheels	celebrating five consecutive WRC titles
					black Alcantara	high back Recaros, red stitching and seat belts
Club Italia		1992	"Evo"	15	met. dark blue	"Club Italia" badges on wings and script on spoiler	reserved to Club Italia members
					red leather	high back Recaros
"Verde York"[29]		1992	"Evo"	500	dark green	—	Evo 2-like equipment
					beige leather	high back Recaros
Martini 6[30]		12/1992	"Evo"	310	white	Martini stripe on sides, white wheels	celebrating six consecutive WRC titles
					turquoise Alcantara	high back Recaros, red stitching and seat belts, carbon trim
"Giallo Ginestra"[31]		10/1993	"Evo 2"	220	yellow	—	allocation: 150 Italy, 50 Germany, 20 France
					black Alcantara	high back Recaros, yellow stitching
"Bianco Perla"		1993	"Evo 2"		pearl white	grey side pinstripe
					blue leather	high back Recaros
"Blu Lagos"		1994	"Evo 2"		met. blue	yellow side pinstripe
					pale yellow leather	high back Recaros
Club Hi-Fi[32][33]		4/1994	"Evo 2"	20	Monza red or Lancia blue	yellow-blue-yellow stripe	reserved to Club Hi-Fi members
					black or beige leather	high back Recaros, colour-matched luggage set
Club Lancia		1994	"Evo 2"	7	Monza red or Lancia blue	yellow-blue-yellow stripe	reserved to Club Lancia members
					black or beige leather	high back Recaros
Dealers collection[34][35]		1994	"Evo 2"		pearl red	—	reserved to Lancia dealers
					beige leather	high back Recaros, aluminium trim and pedals, push-button start
Edizione finale[34][35]		1994	"Evo 2"	250	Amaranto (red)	yellow-blue-yellow stripe, mesh grille, black vents, CFRP fuel cap, dark painted wheels	Japanese market only, livery homages the Fulvia HF
					black Alcantara/cloth	high back Recaros, carbon shifter knob, aluminium pedals, push-button start

Gianni Agnelli's one-off HF integrale cabriolet on display at Museo Nazionale dell'Automobile

A one-off convertible Delta HF integrale Evo was built for Fiat president Gianni Agnelli.^[36]

After production had finished in 1994 Bruno Maggiora tried to convince Lancia to continue the Delta with a third evolution which was realized in the Delta Integrale "Viola", the one and only EVO III car named by its intense violet color. Special technical improvements made this prototype more agile and sporty.

Performance

Performance of the first generation models:^{[27], [37]}

Model	Year	Displacement		Power				Torque			Accel. 0–100 km/h,s	Top speed
		cc	cu in	PS	kW	hp	@ rpm	N·m	lb·ft	@ rpm		km/h	mph
1.1 (Greece only)		1,116	68.1	64	47	63	5800	85	63	3500	—	—	—
1.3		1,301	79.4	75	55	74	5800	105	77	3500	15.0	160	99
1.5		1,498	91.4	85	63	84	5800	123	91	3500	12.5	161	100
1.6 GT		1,585	96.7	105	77	104	5800	136	100	3300	10.0	180	112
1.6 GT.i.e.		1,585	96.7	108	79	107	5900	137	101	3500	9.8	+185	115
1.6 HF Turbo	1984	1,585	96.7	130	96	128	5600	191	141	3700		195	121
1.6 HF Turbo	1985	1,585	96.7	140	103	138	5500	191	141	3500	8.7	203	126
HF4WD	1986	1,995	121.7	165	121	163	5500	285	210	2750	7.8	208	129
HF Integrale 8v	1987	1,995	121.7	185	136	182	5300	304	224	2500	6.6	215	134
HF integrale 16V	1989	1,995	121.7	200	147	197	5500	298	220	3000	5.7	220	137
HF integrale "Evo1"	1991	1,995	121.7	210	154	207	5400	300	221	3500	5.7	220	137
HF integrale "Evo2"[38]	1993	1,995	121.7	215	158	212	5750	314	232	2500	5.7	220	137
1.9 TD		1,929	117.7	80	59	79	4200	172	127	2400	13.8	170	106

Rallying

See: Lancia Delta Group A

Markku Alén at the 1987 RAC Rally

Lancia Delta HF Integrale - 2007 Rallye Deutschland

Lancia Delta HF Integrale Evoluzione

The Lancia Delta is one of the most successful rally cars ever, having won the World Rally Championship for manufacturers six times between 1987 and 1992. After the abolition of Group B Lancia was forced, as were all other manufacturers, to compete with Group A cars. The Delta HF4WD was therefore pressed into service for the 1987 season. Despite some flaws it was more suitable for rallying than its rivals and easily won the 1987 championship. Competitors began to emerge during 1988, in response to whom Lancia produced first the Delta Integrale, and then in 1989 the Integrale 16v, which remained competitive until 1991 and netted the team four more world championships. The Evoluzione Delta was introduced for 1992 and won the championship for a record sixth year in succession, before Lancia withdrew from the sport at the end of the 1993 season. Lancia drivers won the drivers' title in 1987, 1988, 1989 and 1991. The four evolutions of the Delta won 46 world championship events between them, and their run of six successive manufacturers' championships remains a world record.

Saab-Lancia 600

1981 SAAB-Lancia 600

The Saab-Lancia 600 is a rebadged Lancia Delta, sold by Saab after a deal with Lancia.

The deal was a part of the 1980s co-operation between the Swedish car manufacturer Saab and the Italian Fiat Group, which includes Lancia and Alfa Romeo in addition to Fiat. The partnership also resulted in the 'Type 4' project, which provided the common platforms for the Saab 9000, the Lancia Thema, the Fiat Croma and the Alfa Romeo 164.

The 600 was developed because Saab did not have the finances to support the production of entirely new models and looked to other companies in order to provide a new model line-up.

The first years it was sold as GLS and the exclusive GLE, but due to poor sales because of the high price tag the GLE-model was later dropped from the lineup. It was offered only with the 1.5-litre engine that had 85 horsepower connected to a manual 5-speed gearbox.

The Saab-Lancia 600 was designed by Giorgetto Giugiaro and, in common with the company's other models, was a front-wheel drive and a hatchback, with a rallying pedigree. The Lancia Delta earned the European Car of the Year Award in 1980.

The Saab-Lancia 600 badged Delta was sold only in Sweden, Finland, and Norway.

The car is very rare today. In 2012, of the 6419 Saab-Lancias that were produced for the Swedish market, only 159 were left and only 12 were in traffic.^[39]

Lancia Hyena

Lancia Hyena
Overview
Manufacturer	Zagato on Lancia mechanicals
Also called	Lancia Delta Zagato Hyena
Production	1992–1996 24 made
Assembly	Rho, Milan
Designer	Marco Pedracini at Zagato
Body and chassis
Class	Sports car (S)
Body style	2-door coupé
Layout	Transverse front-engine, four-wheel drive
Related	Lancia Delta Integrale "Evoluzione"
Powertrain
Engine	2.0 L I4 (turbocharged petrol)
Transmission	5-speed manual

The Lancia Hyena was a 2-door coupé made in small numbers by Italian coachbuilder Zagato on the basis of the Delta HF Integrale "Evoluzione".

History

The Hyena was born thanks to the initiative of Dutch classic car restorer and collector Paul V.J. Koot, who desired a coupé version of the multiple World Rally Champion HF Integrale. He turned to Zagato, where Hyena was designed in 1990 by Marco Pedracini. A first prototype was introduced at the Brussels Motor Show in January 1992.^[40]

Decision was taken to put the Hyena into limited production. Fiat refused to participate in the project supplying bare HF Integrale chassis, which complicated the manufacturing process: the Hyena had to be produced from fully finished HF Integrales, privately purchased at Lancia dealers. Koot's Lusso Service took care of procuring and stripping the donor cars in the Netherlands; they were then sent to Zagato in Milan to have the new body built and for final assembly. All of this made the Hyena very expensive to build and they were sold for around 140,000 Swiss francs^[41] or $75,000 (£49,430).^[42]

A production run of 75 examples was initially planned,^[41] but only 25 Hyenas were completed between 1992 and 1993.^[43]

Specifications

The Zagato bodywork made use of aluminium alloys and composite materials; the interior featured new dashboard, console and door cards made entirely from carbon fibre. Thanks to these weight saving measures the Hyena was some 150 kilograms (330 lb)^[41] lighter than the original HF Integrale, about 15% of its overall weight. The two-litre turbo engine was upgraded from 205 to 250 PS (184 kW), and the car could accelerate from 0–100 km in 5.4 seconds.^[43]

Side view

Rear view

Concept cars

Italdesign Orca

The Orca was a concept car with aerodynamic 5-door fastback body by Italdesign Giugiaro, unveiled at the April 1982 Turin Motor Show; it was based on the Delta platform, with a turbocharged engine and four-wheel-drive which could be disengaged at speed.^[44][45] The concept's goal was to combine a highly aerodynamic shape (drag coefficient of Cd=0.245) with outstanding passenger room for its size.^[45]

Lancia HIT

The Lancia HIT (standing for "High Italian Technology") was a concept car with 2+2 coupé body by Pininfarina unveiled at the April 1988 Turin Motor Show.^[46] It was based on the mechanicals of the Delta HF Integrale, and bodied using cold glued carbon fibre sandwich panels.^[47]

Second generation

Second generation
Overview
Production	1993–1999
Assembly	Pomigliano d'Arco, Naples[48]
Designer	Ercole Spada at I.DE.A[49]
Body and chassis
Body style	5-door hatchback 3-door hatchback (HPE)
Layout	Front-engine, front-wheel-drive
Platform	Fiat Type Two (Tipo Due) platform[50]
Related	Fiat Tipo Fiat Tempra Fiat Coupé Lancia Dedra Alfa Romeo 145 and 146 Alfa Romeo 155
Powertrain
Engine	1.6 L I4 (petrol) 1.8 L I4 (petrol) 2.0 L I4 (petrol) 2.0 L I4 (turbocharged petrol) 1.9 L I4 (turbocharged diesel)
Transmission	5-speed manual
Dimensions
Wheelbase	2,540 mm (100 in)
Length	4,011 mm (157.9 in)
Width	1,703 mm (67.0 in) (5-door) 1,759 mm (69.3 in) (HF, HPE)
Height	1,430 mm (56 in)
Kerb weight	1,130–1,330 kg (2,491–2,932 lb)

The successor to the original Delta, the "Nuova Delta" (Tipo 836)—always referred to by Lancia as Lancia δ with the lower-case Greek letter—was introduced in 1993 and remained in production until 1999. It was designed at Turinese design and engineering studio I.DE.A Institute by Ercole Spada. Based on the "Type Two" platform of the Fiat Tipo, the Nuova Delta was targeted at customers more interested in comfort and convenience. Despite front-wheel drive HF performance variants with up to 193 PS (142 kW; 190 hp) were offered, no four-wheel drive second generation Deltas were even produced.

History

The first generation Delta had been given a second lease of life by its rallying successes, but by the 1990s it was over ten years old and due replacement; its four-door saloon sibling, the Prisma, had already been replaced by the Lancia Dedra. Development and tooling work for the Tipo 836 Delta lasted five years^[51] and, according to a statement by Fiat CEO Paolo Cantarella, required an investment of 700 billion Lire.^[52] Projected sales numbers were 60,000 a year, half of them exports.^[52]

Launch

The second generation Delta's world première was held at the March 1993 Geneva Motor Show, alongside that of the final "Evo 2" HF Integrale.^[51][53] Sales commenced in May.^[54] Initially the Nuova Delta was offered with three engines and outputs varying from 76 to 142 PS (56 to 104 kW; 75 to 140 hp): an entry level SOHC 1.6-litre, and two DOHC inline fours with Lancia's twin counter rotating balance shafts, an 8-valve 1.8 L and a 16-valve 2.0 L. Trim level were three: base and LE for the 1.6 and 1.8, base and richer LS for two-litre models. The sportier 2.0 HF was also unveiled in Geneva, but went on sale in September; it used a version of the 16-valve 2.0 L equipped with a Garrett T3 turbocharger and an intercooler to produce 186 PS (137 kW; 183 hp).^[55] Mechanical changes from the other Deltas included up-sized 205/50 tyres, stiffer suspension, standard 4-way ABS, a "Viscodrive" viscous coupling limited slip differential and, in the HF LS trim, electronically adjustable dampers with two settings. Visually the HF turbo was set apart by an eggcrate grille with a gunmetal surround and a yellow HF badge, a sportier front bumper complementing 2.8 cm (1.1 in) wider front wings, black side skirts, specific 15 inch 7-spoke alloy wheels and a spoiler at the base of the rear window. Larger disk brakes and optional Alcantara Recaro sport seats were shared with the 2.0 LS. About a year after the launch, in June 1994, the 1.9 turbo ds turbodiesel variant was added to the range; it was powered by the usual 1929 cc SOHC unit, pushing out 90 PS (66 kW; 89 hp).^[56] The turbo ds was given the flared fenders and bumper of the HF, and was available in base and LE trim.^[57] Presented a month later and put on sale in autumn, the Delta 2.0 GT paired the naturally aspirated 2-litre engine with the looks of the HF—flared fenders, bumper and spoiler.^[58]

1996–97 Lancia δ HPE 2.0 HF

The HPE

Despite a three-door had been rumoured since 1991,^[59] until 1995 only a five-door hatchback body style was offered. At the 1995 Geneva Motor Show the three-door was introduced, christened HPE—a denomination that had previously been used for a shooting brake variant of the Lancia Beta, and standing for "High Performance Executive".^[60] At first the HPE was only available with the three top engines: 2.0 16v, 1.9 turbodiesel and 2.0 16v turbo in HF guise.^[61] The three-door bodyshell had entirely redesigned body sides, but retained the roof and rear section of the five-door model; rear wheelarch flares complemented the HF-derived wide front wings and bumper, sported by all HPE versions. This meant the HPE was around 6 cm (2.4 in) wider than a standard Delta, while all other exterior dimensions remained unchanged. Styling differences from the five-door included specific side skirts and a body-colour grille, to which the HPE 2.0 HF added all the accoutrements of the five-door HF and additional air intakes under the headlights.

1996 revisions

At the beginning of 1996 the range was updated. All naturally aspirated engines were replaced; the 1.6 and 1.8 8-valve by 16-valve units, while the 2.0 16v was discontinued in favour of a 1.8 16v equipped with variable valve timing.^[62] Trim levels for the 5-door were now three: base LE, richer LX and GT, exclusive to the 1.8 V.V.T. engine.^[63] The three-door HF turbo remained the only one offered, as the five-door version was discontinued.^[63] In addition to the turbocharged engines, the HPE was available with 1.8 V.V.T. and also the smaller 1.6 engines; the latter, entry level HPE adopted the bumper and narrow front wings of the standard Delta. Minor styling changes were introduced, such as alloy wheels and wheel covers of a new design, chrome vertical bars to the 5-door cars' grille, and body colour mirror caps.

1997–99 δ HPE 2.0 HF

1997 revisions

November 1997 brought the last revisions for the Delta. Seven models made up the updated range: 5-door and HPE with a choice of 1.6, 1.8 V.V.T. or 1.9 td engines—the 18 16v having been phased out—and a renewed 2.0 HF, again in HPE form only.^[64] The 5-door range was reduced to a single LS trim. More of the plastic exterior details were now painted in body colour, namely bumper, bodyside and C-pillar inserts. All HPEs donned flared front wings. The updated HPE 2.0 HF was shown at the Bologna Motor Show in November.^[65] Visually it continued the monochrome theme of the restyled cars, and it was made more distinctive by bumpers, side skirts, and spoiler of a new design, and 16 inch Speedline Montecarlo alloy wheels with 215/50 tyres; inside the seats were upholstered in black leather with contrasting colour Alcantara centres. Mechanically it received a tweaked engine, producing 193 PS (142 kW; 190 hp), which made for a 5 km/h higher top speed.

The Delta was dropped from Lancia's lineup in 1999, with no immediate successor. The related but more successful Dedra saloon was replaced at the same time by the Lybra, a compact executive car not offered with a hatchback body style.

Specifications

Rear three quarters of an early Delta

Being based on Fiat's Tipo 2 (Type Two) architecture, the second generation Delta featured a steel unibody construction, transverse engine, and all-independent suspension. At the front these were of the MacPherson strut type—the lower arms linked to the same subframe which supported the drivetrain—with coaxial coil springs and telescopic dampers, and an anti-roll bar; at the rear there were trailing arms (also connected to the body by a subframe), an anti-roll bar, coil springs and telescopic dampers. Steering was rack and pinion with standard hydraulic power steering. Brakes were discs on all four wheels, except for base 1.6 cars which used drums at the rear. All models used a 5-speed gearbox and were front-wheel drive.

Engines

Model	Prod. period	Layout	Displacement	Valvetrain	Fuel and intake systems	Peak power PS (kW bhp)	Peak torque N·m (lb·ft)
Petrol engines
1.6	1993–96	I4	1,581 cc	SOHC 8v	Monomotronic SPI	75 (55; 74) at 6,000 rpm	124 (91) at 3,000 rpm
1.6 16v	1996–99	I4	1,581 cc	DOHC 16v	Weber-Marelli IAW MPI	103 (76; 102) at 5,750 rpm	144 (106) at 4,000 rpm
1.8	1993–96	I4, 2 BS	1,756 cc	DOHC 8v	Weber-Marelli IAW MPI	103 (76; 102) at 6,000 rpm	137 (101) at 3,000 rpm
1.8 16v*	1996–97	I4, 2 BS	1,747 cc	DOHC 16v	Weber-Marelli IAW MPI	113 (83; 111) at 5,800 rpm	154 (114) at 4,400 rpm
1.8 16v V.V.T.	1996–99	I4, 2 BS	1,747 cc	DOHC 16v VVT	Hitachi phased sequential EFI	130 (96; 128) at 6,300 rpm	164 (121) at 4,300 rpm
2.0 16v	1993–96	I4, 2 BS	1,995 cc	DOHC 16v	Weber-Marelli IAW MPI	139 (102; 137) at 6,000 rpm	180 (130) at 4,500 rpm
HF turbo	1993–96	I4, 2 BS	1,995 cc	DOHC 16v	Weber-Marelli IAW MPI, turbo intercooler	186 (137; 183) at 5,750 rpm	290 (210) at 3,500 rpm
2.0 HF**	1997–99					193 (142; 190) at 5,500 rpm	290 (210) at 3,400 rpm
Diesel engines
1.9 turbo ds	1994–96	I4	1,929 cc	SOHC 8v	Bosch injection pump, turbo intercooler	90 (66; 89) at 4,200 rpm	186 (137) at 2,500 rpm
1.9 td	1996–99
Notes: * 5-door only; ** HPE only

Performance

Model	1.6	1.6 16v	1.8	1.8 16v	1.8 16v V.V.T.	2.0 16v	HF turbo	2.0 HF	1.9 td
Top speed km/h (mph)	172 (107)	190 (118)	185 [115]	195 (121)	200 (124)	206 (128)	220 (137)	225 (140)	180 (112)
Acceleration 0–100 km/h [0–62 mph]	13.8 s	11.0 s	11.8 s	10.3 s	9.4 s	9.6 s	7.5 s	7.5 s	12.0 s

Third generation

Third generation
Overview
Also called	Chrysler Delta (UK and Ireland)[66]
Production	2008–2014
Assembly	Cassino, Frosinone, Italy
Designer	Centro Stile Lancia
Body and chassis
Body style	5-door hatchback
Layout	Front-engine, front-wheel-drive
Platform	Fiat C platform
Related	Fiat Bravo (2007)
Powertrain
Engine	1.4 L Fire I4 (turbocharged petrol) 1.8 L I4 (turbocharged petrol) 1.6 L Multijet I4 (turbocharged diesel) 1.9 L Multijet I4 (twin-turbo diesel) 2.0 L Multijet I4 (turbocharged diesel)
Transmission	6-speed manual 6-speed automatic 6-speed robotised[67]
Dimensions
Wheelbase	2,700 mm (110 in)[68]
Length	4,520 mm (178 in)[68]
Width	1,797 mm (70.7 in)[68]
Height	1,499 mm (59.0 in)[68]

In September 2006, Lancia announced the revival of the Delta name, with new cars to be built on the Fiat C platform.^[69]

The world première of the new HPE concept was held at the 63rd Venice International Film Festival.

Rear styling

Interior styling

Lancia Delta badged as Chrysler (design/market study) at Chicago Auto Show 2010

The new Lancia Delta (Type 844) was unveiled at the 2008 Geneva Motor Show.

The Lancia brand was reintroduced to the Scandinavian, Russian, and Turkish markets in 2007.^[70] The new Delta was also intended for a proposed return by Lancia to the UK market during 2009. However, due to an economic downturn, plans were shelved until Fiat bought Chrysler. As the car had been engineered for RHD already, the decision was made in 2010 to bring both the new Delta and Lancia's Ypsilon into the UK and Ireland rebranded as Chryslers and sold through the UK Chrysler dealer network.

At the 2010 North American International Auto Show, the Chrysler branded version of the Delta was unveiled as a concept car for a potential North American release.^[71]

Delta as well as being an historical name from Lancia’s past is also being interpreted this time around by Lancia as a mathematical symbol that stands for change, difference and evolution. Designed by the Lancia Style Centre, this car is aimed at the luxury end of the small family car segment. The Delta is 4.52 m (178.0 in) long, 1.797 m (70.7 in) wide and 1.499 m (59.0 in) high, and has a wheelbase of 2.7 m (106.3 in), 10 cm (3.9 in) more than the Fiat Bravo. It has five doors and can be considered a hatchback or an estate (see Hatchback vs. Station wagon).

Features

The new Delta offers a number of options and equipment including a Bose Hi-Fi radio incorporating a CD player and MP3 file reader with steering-wheel mounted controls, the Blue&Me system developed with Microsoft, and a new satellite navigation system developed with Magneti Marelli.

Further technical equipment included to effect the ride and handling will include an advanced ESC (Electronic Stability Control) system and SDC suspension (with electronic damping control, also by Magneti Marelli).

The new Delta also has a driving assistant featuring electric eye monitors that give feedback to the steering wheel to suggest corrections to the driver. The car is available also with semi-automatic parking assistant.

2011 facelift

The 2011 facelift of the Delta received trim level changes, a Chrysler-derived 'family' grille, and a 105 PS (77 kW; 104 hp) 1.6-litre Multijet diesel engine with lower fuel consumption and CO₂ emissions. The new version of the Delta was expected to be presented at the 2011 Geneva Motor Show.^[72]

Engines

Engines available at launch were 120 PS (88 kW) and 150 PS (110 kW) 1.4 L Turbojet petrol engines and 1.6 L 120 PS (88 kW) MultiJet diesel, 2.0 Multijet with 165 PS (121 kW) and 1.9 Twinturbo Multijet with 190 PS (140 kW).^[73] A new petrol unit was launched later: 1.8 Di Turbojet with 200 PS (147 kW).^[74]

1.9 Twinturbo Multijet

Model	Type	Displacement		Power				Torque			Acceleration	Max Speed		Years
		cc	cu in	PS	kW	hp	@ rpm	N·m	lb·ft	@ rpm	0–100 km/h,s	km/h	mph
1.4 T-Jet 16V	I4	1,368	83.5	120	88	120	5000	206	152	2000	9.8	195	121	2008-
1.4 T-Jet 16V	I4	1,368	83.5	150	110	150	5500	206	152	2250	8.7	210	130	2008–2010
1.4 T-Jet MultiAir	I4	1,368	83.5	140	100	140	n/a	230	170	1750	9.2	202	126	2010-
1.8 Di T-Jet 16V	I4	1,742	106.3	200	147	197	5000	320	236	2000	7.4	230	143
1.6 Multijet 16V	I4	1,598	97.5	105	77	104	4000	300	220	1500	10.7	186	116	2011-
	I4	1,598	97.5	120	88	120	4000	300	220	1500		194	121
2.0 Multijet 16V	I4	1,956	119.4	165	121	163	4000	360	270	1750	8.5	214	133
1.9 Twinturbo Multijet 16V	I4	1,910	117	190	140	190	4000	400	300	2000	7.9	222	138	2008-

Safety

The 2008 Lancia Delta passed the Euro NCAP car safety tests with the following ratings:

Euro NCAP test results
Lancia Delta (2008)
Test	Score	Rating
Adult occupant:	34
Child occupant:	33
Pedestrian:	15

See also

• Lancia Delta S4
• Lancia Delta Group A
• Lancia ECV

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External links