Le roi de Lahore

Le roi de Lahore ("The king of Lahore") is an opera in five acts by Jules Massenet to a French libretto by Louis Gallet. It was first performed at the Palais Garnier in Paris on 27 April 1877 in costumes designed by Eugène Lacoste and settings designed by Jean Émile Daran (Act I, scene 1), Auguste-Alfred Rubé and Philippe Chaperon (Act I, scene 2; Act V), Louis Chéret (Act II), Jean-Baptiste Lavastre (Act III), Antoine Lavastre and Eugène Louis Carpezat (Act IV).

Le roi de Lahore is Massenet's third extant opera and was his first major success in Paris, spawning performances across Europe and leading to his place as one of the most popular composers of his time.

Performance history

Within a year of the premiere the opera was performed, for instance, in Turin, Rome, Bologna, and Venice. The Royal Opera House, Covent Garden, presented it in London in 1879, and in 1906 it premiered in Monte Carlo.^[1] The US premiere took place in 1883 at the French Opera House in New Orleans.

By the time of the Metropolitan Opera premiere in 1924, however, Le roi de Lahore in particular, and Massenet's style of romantic opera in general, faded in fashion so much that it received only six performances and has never been revived there since.^[2]

Contemporary performances include a revival by the Vancouver Opera in 1977 starring Joan Sutherland and conducted by Richard Bonynge. The same production was mounted at the San Francisco Opera and subsequently recorded. A more recent revival occurred at the Teatro La Fenice in Venice in 2005 under the baton of Marcello Viotti, a performance of which was released on CD and DVD.

Roles

Role	Voice type	Premiere Cast, 27 April 1877 (Conductor: Édouard Deldevez)
Sitâ,[3] priestess of Indra	soprano	Josephine de Reszke
Kaled, the king's servant	mezzo-soprano	Jeanne Fouquet
Alim, King of Lahore	tenor	Marius Salomon
Scindia, Minister to Alim	baritone	Jean Lassalle
Timour, high priest of Indra	bass	Auguste Boudouresque
Indra, an Indian deity	bass	Georges-François Menu
A chief	baritone	Numa Auguez
Soldiers, People, Priests, Priestesses, Celestial Beings; (Ballet) Apsaras, Nymphs.

Synopsis

Place: Lahore, a city of Pakistan.

Act 1

The citizens of Lahore gather at the temple to pray for divine protection against the Moslem invaders, and receive encouragement from Timour, the high priest. Scindia, minister of King Alim is in love with Sita, his niece, who is also a priestess at the temple. Scindia asks Timour to release Sita from her vows, and points out that she has been meeting a young man. In Indra's sanctuary, Scindia gets Sita to admit her interest in this young stranger, but she refuses to name him; Scindia accuses her of sacrilege, and the priests demand that she sing the evening prayer to lure the young man. A secret door opens and a young man appears: it is King Alim who confesses his love and asks for Sita's hand in marriage. Timour demands that the king expiate his actions by leading his army against the Muslims. Scindia schemes to arrange an ambush and kill the king.

Act 2

At the king's encampment in the Thol desert, where Sita has followed and pitched camp near the king as she awaits his return from the fighting. The soldiers have been routed. Scindia gets them to join with him to usurp the throne. Wounded, Alim dies in Sita's arms.

Act 3

In the Paradise of Indra there are songs and dances by the apsaras. Alim’s soul arrives but he admits that he misses the presence of Sita. Indra takes pity and agrees to restore Alim to life – as the humblest of beings – for as long as Sita lives.

Act 4

Alim awakens back in Lahore at the entrance to the royal palace where the crowd is gathering for Scindia's coronation. Scindia enters, on his way to persuade Sita to marry him, but a vengeful vision blocks his path. Alim appears to the onlookers like a poor madman, but Timour say that he must be a visionary inspired by god.

Act 5

Design by Philippe Chaperon for Act V.

Sita has sought refuge in Indra's sanctuary having fled forced marriage with Scindia. Alim is admitted to the sanctuary by Timour and the lovers meet again. Scindia arrives and threatens them both; Sita stabs herself and at once Alim again becomes a spirit, thus foiling the designs of Scindia. Sita and Alim are united in celestial happiness.

Recordings

Year	Cast (Sitâ, Alim, Scindia)	Conductor, Opera House and Orchestra	Label
1979	Joan Sutherland, Luis Lima, Sherrill Milnes	Richard Bonynge, National Philharmonic Orchestra and London Voices	Audio CD: 433 851-2 Decca, DDD, total timing 146 min.
2004	Ana Maria Sanchez, Giuseppe Gipali, Vladimir Stoyanov	Marcello Viotti, Teatro La Fenice orchestra and chorus	Audio CD: Dynamic

References

Notes

1. Casaglia, Gherardo (2005).[http://www.amadeusonline.net/almanacco?r=&alm_testo=Le_roi_de_Lahore "Le roi de Lahore"]. Almanacco Amadeus (Italian).
2. Record of the Met premiere of Le roi de Lahore (with Review)
3. In some old productions her name was Nair

Sources

• Upton, George P.; Borowski, Felix (1928). The Standard Opera Guide. New York: Blue Ribbon Books. pp. 175–6.

External links

• Le roi de Lahore: Scores at the International Music Score Library Project
• Le roi de Lahore: Visual documentation of the premiere on Gallica
• Le roi de Lahore at Bob's Universe