Lecanicillium muscarium
| Lecanicillium muscarium | |
|---|---|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Fungi |
| Phylum: | Ascomycota (Anamorphic Hypocreales) |
| Subdivision: | Pezizomycotina |
| Class: | Sordariomycetes |
| Order: | Hypocreales |
| Family: | Cordycipitaceae |
| Genus: | Lecanicillium |
| Species: | Lecanicillium muscarium R. Zare & W. Gams |
Lecanicillium muscarium is the approved name of an entomopathogenic fungus species, that was previously widely known as Verticillium lecanii (Zimmerman) Viegas), but is now understood to be an anamorphic form in the Cordyceps group of genera in the Cordycipitaceae.[1] It now appears that isolates formerly classified as V. lecanii could be L. attenuatum, L. lecanii, L. longisporum, L. muscarium or L. nodulosum.[2] For example, several recent papers, such as Kouvelis et al. carried out mitochondrial DNA studies,[3] refer to this name.
This fungus was first described in 1861 and has a worldwide distribution. Insects are infected when they come into contact with the sticky fungal spores which then grow and invade the body, thus the internal organs are consumed, leading to their death. In horticulture and agriculture Lecanicillium isolates were first developed by scientists at the Glasshouse Crops Research Institute (now Warwick HRI: formerly part of Horticulture Research International).
L. muscarium isolate Ve6 is marketed as 'Mycotal' and has been re-registered in the EU:[4] especially for control of whiteflies such as Trialeurodes vaporariorum and thrips by Koppert in the Netherlands, who provide good illustrations of the fungus.[5]
Other products, possibly based on this fungus have been developed elsewhere for use in cash crops, oil seeds, soybeans, ornamentals and vegetables.[6]
References
- ↑ Zare R, Gams W. (2001) A revision of Verticillium sect. Prostrata. III. Generic classification. Nova Hedwigia. 72: 329-337
- ↑ Goettel MS, Koike M, Kim JJ, Aiuchi D, Shinya R, Brodeur J (2008)Journal of Invertebrate Pathology 98: 256–261
- ↑ Kouvelisa VN, Ghikasa DV, Typas MA (2004). The analysis of the complete mitochondrial genome of L. muscarium (synonym Verticillium lecanii) suggests a minimum common gene organization in mtDNAs of Sordariomycetes: phylogenetic implications Fungal Genetics and Biology Volume:41, 930-940
- ↑ http://ec.europa.eu/food/plant/protection/evaluation/existactive/VE-6.pdf
- ↑ http://www.flickr.com/photos/koppert/2775537893/
- ↑ Copping L.G. (ed.) (2009). The Manual of Biocontrol Agents 4th Edition. British Crop Production Council (BCPC), Farnham, Surrey UK; 851 pp.