Lee Circle

Postcard view of Lee Circle in the early 20th century

Lee Circle is a traffic circle with a monument to Confederate General, Robert E. Lee, in New Orleans, Louisiana. It is located on St. Charles Avenue, where it intersects Howard Avenue. Prior to the erection of the monument in 1884, the location was known as Tivoli Circle or Place du Tivoli.[1][2][3] Tivoli Circle was an important, central point in the city, as it linked upriver areas with downriver areas. It was a common local meeting point and the site remains a popular place to gather for Mardi Gras parades. With the addition of the Robert E. Lee Monument, it was renamed Lee Circle.

The bronze statue which tops the Doric column was sculpted by Alexander Doyle. The statue was first unveiled to an audience of 15,000 people — including former Confederate President Jefferson Davis, two daughters of General Lee, and Confederate General Pierre G.T. Beauregard — on February 22, 1884 (George Washington's bithday).[4][5]

Renaming Controversies

On July 31, 1877, "Lee Place" within "Tivoli Circle" was authorized by Ordinance A.S. 4064[6][7] Although the traffic circle is commonly referred to as "Lee Circle", this ordinance makes clear that the "enclosure" containing the statue is to be known as "Lee Place", while the circle is to continue to be known as "Tivoli Circle". This ordinance contains no reference to the name "Lee Circle".

On June 24, 2015, New Orleans Mayor Mitch Landrieu acknowledged the impact of the June 2015 Charleston church shooting but credited a 2014 conversation with New Orleans jazz ambassador Wynton Marsalis for his decision to call for the removal of the Lee statue and renaming of Lee Circle and other city memorials of Confederate slaveholders.[8]

As part of a sixty-day period for public input, two city commissions called for the removal of four monuments associated with the Confederacy, the Lee statue, statues of Jefferson Davis and P.G.T. Beauregard, and an obelisk commemorating the "Battle of Liberty Place". Governor Bobby Jindal opposed the removals.[9]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Lee Circle, New Orleans.

On December 17, 2015, the New Orleans City Council voted to remove four statues from public display, among them the statue of Robert E. Lee located in Lee Circle.[10][11] Four organizations immediately filed a lawsuit in federal court the day of the decision and the City administration has agreed that no monument removals will take place before a court hearing scheduled for January 14, 2016.[12]

References

  1. ↑ Douglas, Lake (2011). Public Spaces, Private Gardens: A History of Designed Landscapes in New Orleans. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press. pp. 250–251, n. 25. ISBN 978-0-8071-3837-3. Using “Tivoli” as a place-name first appeared in New Orleans in 1807, when the engineer Barthélémy Lafon drew subdivision plans for the Delord-Sarpy Plantation property above Canal Street in the Faubourgs Ste. Mary and Annunciation. He created the Place du Tivoli, encircled first by the Tivoli Canal and then by a paved street; this traffic circle was renamed in honor of Gen. Robert E. Lee in the 1870s. Another use of Tivoli occurs with a plantation and garden on nearby Bayou St. John from 1808 through 1824, discussed above. Some may conflate these into one location, an understandable conclusion since early notices of Tivoli Plantation mention garden features and the Carondelet Canal is an extension of Bayou St. John.
  2. ↑ Kane, Harnett (1961). Place du Tivoli: A History of Lee Circle. Boston: John Hancock Mutual Life Insurance Company. Published on the occasion of the dedication of the John Hancock Building (now known as K&B Plaza), New Orleans, LA, December 7, 1961.
  3. ↑ "Tivoli Circle - Lee Circle". Old New Orleans. Retrieved 2011-12-04.
  4. ↑ Foster, Gaines M. (1987). Ghosts of the Confederacy: Defeat, the Lost Cause, and the Emergence of the New South, 1865-1913. New York: Oxford University Press. p. 91. ISBN 978-0195042139. Retrieved 11 July 2015 – via Questia. (subscription required (help)).
  5. ↑ Chatelain, Neil. "Lee's Circle". New Orleans Historical. University of New Orleans History Department; Tulane University Communication Department. Retrieved 11 July 2015.
  6. ↑ Jewell, Edwin L. (1882). "Title XIV, Ch. 2, §I, Art. 19(3)". Jewell's Digest of the City Ordinances Together with the Constitutional Provisions, Acts of the General Assembly and Decisions of the Courts Relative to the Government of the City of New Orleans. New Orleans: Edwin L. Jewell. p. 291. That the ground within the enclosure to be so improved, shall be dedicated to the memory of General Robert E Lee, and as soon as the work is commenced, shall thereafter be known as Lee Place, but the name of the outer or street portion shall still be preserved under the designation of Tivoli Circle.
  7. ↑ Hobgson, W. I. (August 31, 1884). "Lee Place - Tivoli Circle". New Orleans, LA: The Times-Picayune. Retrieved 9 July 2015. I quote from the ordinance giving its name. Ordinance 4064, A.S. - Adopted July 31, 1877, reads as follows: "SEC 3. Be if further ordained, etc., That the ground within the inclosure to be so improved, shall be dedicated to the memory of General Robert E. Lee, and as soon as the work is commenced shall thereafter be known as 'Lee Place,' but the name of the outer or street portion shall still be preserved under the designation of 'Tivoli Circle.' " W. I. Hobgson Secretary Lee Mon'l Ass'n.
  8. ↑ McClendon, Robert (June 24, 2015). "Mitch Landrieu on Confederate landmarks: 'That's what museums are for'". The Times-Picayune. Retrieved 9 July 2015. Landrieu recalled Marsalis saying. When the mayor asked why, Marsalis responded, "Let me help you see it through my eyes. Who is he? What does he represent? And in that most prominent space in the city of New Orleans, does that space reflect who we were, who we want to be or who we are?"
  9. ↑ Schachar, Natalie (August 15, 2015). "Jindal seeks to block removal of Confederate monuments in New Orleans". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 17 August 2015.
  10. ↑ Rainey, Richard (December 17, 2015). "Lee Circle no more: New Orleans to remove 4 Confederate statues". The Times-Picayune. Retrieved 17 December 2015.
  11. ↑ Adelson, Jeff (December 17, 2015). "New Orleans City Council votes 6-1 to remove Confederate monuments". The New Orleans Advocate. Retrieved 17 December 2015.
  12. ↑ Katherine, Sayre (December 18, 2015). "New Orleans won't remove Confederate statues before court hearing". The Times-Picayune. Retrieved 19 December 2015.

Further reading

Coordinates: 29°56′36″N 90°04′21″W / 29.9433°N 90.0725°W / 29.9433; -90.0725

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