Legazpi, Albay

Legazpi City
Component City

Clockwise from top right: JCI Legazpi Tourism Marker, View from The Oriental Legazpi, Cathedral of St. Gregory the Great, Battle of Legazpi Monument, Legazpi City Hall, Zip-line at Ligñon Hill, Legazpi Airport

Seal
Nickname(s): City of Fun and Adventure[1]
Gateway of Southern Luzon[2]
Gateway City of Bicol[3]

Map of Albay showing the location of Legazpi City
Legazpi City

Location within the Philippines

Coordinates: 13°08′N 123°44′E / 13.13°N 123.73°E / 13.13; 123.73Coordinates: 13°08′N 123°44′E / 13.13°N 123.73°E / 13.13; 123.73
Country Philippines
Region Bicol (Region V)
Province Albay
District 2nd district
Founded 1616
Cityhood June 12, 1959
Barangays 70
Government[4]
 • Mayor Noel Rosal
 • Vice Mayor Oscar Robert H.Cristobal
Area[5]
 • Total 153.7 km2 (59.3 sq mi)
Population (2015 census)[6]
 • Total 196,639
 • Density 1,300/km2 (3,300/sq mi)
Time zone PHT (UTC+8)
ZIP code 4500
IDD : area code  +63 (0)52
Income class 2nd class; urban[7]
Website legazpi.gov.ph

Legazpi, officially the City of Legazpi (Bikol: Ciudad nin Legazpi; Filipino: Lungsod ng Legazpi) and often referred to as Legazpi City, is a component city and the capital of the province of Albay in the Philippines. According to the 2015 census, it has a population of 196,639.[6] Legazpi City is the administrative center and largest city of the Bicol Region, in terms of population.[8][9] It is one of the centers of tourism, education, health services, commerce[10] and transportation[2] in the Bicol Region.

The city is composed of two districts: Legazpi Port and Old Albay district. Mayon Volcano, one of the Philippines' most popular icons and tourist destinations, is partly within the city's borders.[11]

Legazpi was recognized as the most business-friendly city in Southern Luzon in 2007 by the Philippine Chamber of Commerce and Industry.[12][13] In 2014, the city was ranked second among the top three livable cities in the Philippines in the Livable Cities Design Challenge organized by the National Competitiveness Council (NCC) and the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation.[14][15] In 2016, Legazpi was named overall third most competitive component city in the Philippines by the National Competitiveness Council.[16]

Etymology

Miguel López de Legazpi

Legazpi was named after Miguel López de Legazpi, the Basque Spanish conquistador who officially annexed the Philippine Islands to the Spanish Empire in 1565, and whose surname came from a town in Gipuzkoa, Spain.

History

Pre-Hispanic

The area that is now Albay had a thriving civilization before the Spanish arrived.[17] The Spanish explorers found densely populated settlements with an abundance of gold and provisions in the southern Bicol peninsula.[18] Ancient inhabitants practiced rice cultivation, made fine gold jewelry and possessed silk, suggesting trade with China.[18] American anthropologist Henry Otley Beyer found jars, stone tools and shells from 100 to 500 BC in Sorsogon and Albay.[19] Meanwhile, ancient burial jars and pottery were also found in Hoyop-Hoyopan Cave in Camalig.[20] Other evidences of pre-Hispanic civilization include the Mataas shell scoop, which dates back to the Late Neolithic Period, found in Cagraray Island.[21] The Mataas shell scoop was declared a National Cultural Treasure by the National Museum of the Philippines.[22]

Foundation

Legazpi was originally a fishing settlement called Sawangan that occupied the mangrove swamps that is now the Legazpi Port, inhabited by fisher folk and farmers.[23] In 1569, a Spanish expedition dispatched by Miguel Lopez de Legazpi led by Luis Enriquez de Guzman and Agustinian friar Alonso Jimenez first set foot in Albay. They arrived on the coastal settlement called Ibalon in present-day Magallanes, Sorsogon after exploring the islands of Masbate, Ticao and Burias and proceeded inland as far as present-day Camalig, Albay.[18][24]

In July 1573, the conquistador Juan de Salcedo, grandson of Governor-General Legazpi, led another expedition from the north. They founded Villa Santiago de Libon (present-day Libon, Albay) and reached the settlement of Albaybay, whose name was subsequently shortened to 'Albay' or Pueblo de Albay. In 1616, Pueblo de Albay served as the capital of Partido de Ibalon, which included present-day Albay, Sorsogon, Masbate, parts of Camarines Sur and the islands of Catanduanes, Ticao and Burias.[25]

Spanish colonial era

Spanish religious missionaries administered the settlement in the 1580s. In 1587, Franciscan friars of the Doctrina de Cagsawa began to convert the area's population to Christianity. The village of Sawangan became more populous and progressive and the first parish priest, Fray Francisco de Sta. Ana, OFM, built a wooden chapel with St. Gregory the Great as patron. Sawangan then became an independent parish and was called 'Misión de San Gregorio Magno de Sawangan'.[26]

A bigger and more imposing church replaced the chapel during the tenure of Fray Martin del Espiritu OFM in 1636 and Sawangan continued to thrive despite the Moro raids in the 1700s, a super typhoon in 1742, an earthquake in 1811, and other calamities.[26] Sawangan was created a visita regular in 1605 and elevated as an independent town in 1616.

1814 Eruption of Mt. Mayon

Façade of the old church of Cagsawa, destroyed in the eruption of Mt. Mayon on February 1, 1814

On February 1, 1814, a catastrophic eruption of Mt. Mayon partially destroyed Sawangan and buried Cagsawa, Budiao and Camalig. The parish priest of Sawangan, Fray Pedro Licup, urged the residents to transfer to Makalaya (present-day Barangay Taysan) located on the slopes of Mt. Bariw. However, many residents decided to return to the lowlands and settled in Taytay (present-day Barangay Bagumbayan).

Other survivors opted to return to the original location of Sawangan and established Binanuahan (Banuang Gurang) despite a decree by the Gobierno Superior signed on October 1, 1829, which prohibited the establishment of new towns.[26] The new settlement in Taytay grew larger and eventually became a township. Binanuahan was declared a visita or tributary of Taytay and the combined town became known as Albay Nuevo.[27]

In 1839, the settlers in Taytay started to erect a stone church designed by Gobernadorcillo Don Jose Ma. de Peñaranda, an architect, in consultation with Fray Jose Yagres, OFM. The structure would become the present Cathedral of San Gregorio Magno in the Albay district. Meanwhile, those who returned to Sawangan established an ermita or chapel dedicated to the Archangel Raphael, whom they adopted as patron saint. This became the present church of St. Raphael the Archangel in the Legazpi Port district.

On July 17, 1856, Ramon Montero of the Gobierno Superior de las Islas Filipinas signed a decree creating the visita of Pueblo Viejo, out of Binanuahan and the adjacent villages of Lamba, Rawis and Bigaa. In another decree, Montero named the town Legazpi, which was inaugurated on October 22 of the same year.

Port of Legazpi opened to world trade

The port of Legazpi served as anchorage for ships sailing to Nueva España (Mexico) beginning in the latter part of the 16th century. The nearby Sula Channel was used as a sanctuary by galleons during storms because of its sheltered inlet. In 1873, Legazpi was made a port of entry by a Royal Decree earlier issued in Madrid on May 18, 1872 and later promulgated by Governor Juan Alamenos y de Vivar on December 3, 1874.[26][28]

Legazpi was declared a city for the first time under the Becerra Law of 1892.[29][30][31][32] In 1894, the Spanish Minister of Ultramar promulgated a decree creating an ayuntamiento composed of the towns of Legazpi, Albay and Daraga.

Philippine revolution

Mayon Volcano in 1899

On September 22, 1898, the Civil Governor of Albay, Angel Bascaran y Federic and the Spanish residents evacuated Albay. Subsequently, a revolutionary junta was organized by Don Anacieto Solano who later turned over the command to General Vicente Lukban, General-in-chief of Operations of the revolutionary government in the southern region.[27]

American colonial era

On January 23, 1900, American forces composed of three infantry companies equipped with powerful rifles and cannon landed on the shores of Albay Gulf to conquer Legazpi. They were met by 800 revolutionary Filipino troops headed by General Jose Ignacio Paua, Col. Antero Reyes, Captain Alvaro Nepomuceno, and Policarpio Pergone who put up a strong defense of the city.[33]

The American troops, headed by Brig. Gen. W.A. Kobbe, encountered heavy resistance from the Filipino forces who gallantly engaged them in a bloody fight on San Rafael Bridge that resulted in the death of 172 Filipinos including Reyes, who used only bolos. Another 12 Filipinos were injured while the American forces suffered only 12 injured infantrymen.[33] To commemorate the valiant efforts of the revolutionary troops, a monument was built on the site of the former San Rafael Bridge. The swampy area where the bridge was located was reclaimed during the early 20th century and is now the intersection of Rizal Street and Quezon Avenue.

Following their occupation of the city in 1900, the American colonizers cancelled Legazpi's city status. In 1908, after the war's conclusion, the Americans split Legazpi into two separate towns, Legazpi and Albay, which became the provincial capital of Albay. In 1922, the town of Daraga was further split from the then municipality of Albay.

World War II

Japanese bombers from the aircraft carrier Ryujo attack Legazpi, December 12, 1941

On December 12, 1941, a few days after the attack on Pearl Harbor, Legazpi was occupied by forces of the Imperial Japanese Army, the purpose of which was to obtain control of local airstrips which could be used as forward bases by fighter aircraft for operations in central Luzon. Throughout the Japanese occupation, resistance by Bicolano and local troops of the Philippine Commonwealth Army continued in the hills and mountains south of Legazpi. In January 1945, American and Filipino liberation forces, supported by Bicolano guerrillas, liberated Legazpi. However, the city suffered extensive aerial bombardment from US aircraft and many old buildings were destroyed including the old St. Raphael church and the Academia de Sta. Ines campus.

Independent Philippines

Legazpi became a city for the second time on July 18, 1948, when Daraga and Legazpi were combined to constitute its territory under Republic Act No. 306;[34] at that time, President Elpidio Quirino appointed Jose R. Arboleda[35] as the first City Mayor.[36] But on June 8, 1954, Republic Act No. 993 was approved, recreating the two towns (Daraga and Legazpi) and the city was dissolved.[37]

Finally, on June 12, 1959, Legazpi became a city for the third time under Republic Act no. 2234.[38] Amendments were introduced under R.A. 5525.[39] Presidential Decree 125 issued on February 23, 1973, declared the town of Daraga as part of the territorial jurisdiction of the city.[40][41] This decree, however, was not implemented with the onset of the Integrated Reorganization Plan, which involved the restructuring of local governments.

On September 24, 1972, then President Ferdinand Marcos designated Legazpi as the administrative center of Bicol Region through the Integrated Reorganization Plan of 1972, the implementing framework of Presidential Decree No. 1.[42][43]

Pope John Paul II visited Legazpi on February 21, 1981 during his first apostolic journey to the Philippines.[44][45] Aside from Manila where the beatification of St. Lorenzo Ruiz was held, the Pope also visited Baguio, Bacolod, Iloilo, Bataan, Cebu, and Davao.[46] The Pope held a mass dedicated to farmers at the St. Gregory the Great Cathedral.[47]

Geography

View north from Brgy. Lamba located in the hilly southern areas of Legazpi

Legazpi is on the eastern portion of the province of Albay bounded on the north by the municipality of Sto. Domingo, on the east by the Albay Gulf, on the west by the municipality of Daraga, and on the south by the municipalities of Manito, Albay and Pilar and Castilla, Sorsogon. The city is located 527 kilometres (327 mi) south of Manla.

From north to south, the city spans approximately 29 kilometers; from east to west, the narrowest portion is about 3 kilometers (urban district) while the widest is about 15 kilometers (southeast area).[48] Legazpi has a total land area of 20,437 hectares, 90 percent of which is classified as rural (18,431.66 hectares) while 10 percent is classified as urban (2,005.39 hectares).[49]

Legazpi's topography is generally plain on the northeastern areas, with slopes ranging from five to fifteen degrees. The southern areas have mostly rolling to hilly terrain. In the city's coastal areas, the terrain varies from plain (north) to hilly (south).[50] Legazpi is criss-crossed by several rivers including the Tibu, Macabalo and Yawa rivers with a number of swampy areas, particularly in the urban district. To mitigate flooding in these low-lying areas, the local government has built an urban drainage and flood control system consisting of dikes, canals, sea walls and three pumping stations located in Barangays San Roque, Bay-Bay and Victory Village.[51][52]

Climate

Legazpi City features a tropical rainforest climate with copious amount of rainfall throughout the year. Legazpi has noticeably wetter and drier periods of the year. However, the city’s driest month, April, still sees on average of over 150 millimetres (5.9 in) of precipitation per year. Similar to many other cities with this climate, temperatures are relatively constant throughout the course of the year, with a mean annual average of 26.9 °C (80.4 °F).[53] The coolest month is January with a daily mean of 25.3 °C (77.5 °F) and the hottest months are jointly May and June with a daily mean of 28.1 °C (82.6 °F). The all-time record high temperature was 37.7 °C (99.9 °F) on May 27, 1968, and the all-time record low temperature was 13.9 °C (57.0 °F) on February 28, 1971.[53]

Climate data for Legazpi
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 32.7
(90.9)		 33.7
(92.7)		 35
(95)		 36.5
(97.7)		 37.7
(99.9)		 37.6
(99.7)		 36.6
(97.9)		 36.9
(98.4)		 36
(97)		 35.3
(95.5)		 34.4
(93.9)		 33.2
(91.8)		 37.7
(99.9)
Average high °C (°F) 28.6
(83.5)		 29.1
(84.4)		 30.0
(86)		 31.3
(88.3)		 32.3
(90.1)		 32.0
(89.6)		 31.5
(88.7)		 31.6
(88.9)		 31.5
(88.7)		 31.0
(87.8)		 30.1
(86.2)		 29.0
(84.2)		 30.7
(87.3)
Average low °C (°F) 22.4
(72.3)		 22.2
(72)		 23.2
(73.8)		 24.2
(75.6)		 24.8
(76.6)		 24.5
(76.1)		 24.2
(75.6)		 24.3
(75.7)		 24.1
(75.4)		 23.8
(74.8)		 23.7
(74.7)		 23.7
(74.7)		 23.2
(73.8)
Record low °C (°F) 16.7
(62.1)		 13.9
(57)		 17
(63)		 16.7
(62.1)		 17.1
(62.8)		 18.9
(66)		 15.8
(60.4)		 19.4
(66.9)		 19.0
(66.2)		 17.2
(63)		 17.9
(64.2)		 16.7
(62.1)		 13.9
(57)
Average rainfall mm (inches) 296.9
(11.689)		 195.6
(7.701)		 192.6
(7.583)		 151.2
(5.953)		 181.3
(7.138)		 240.9
(9.484)		 239.4
(9.425)		 178.3
(7.02)		 216.3
(8.516)		 264.0
(10.394)		 484.6
(19.079)		 458.6
(18.055)		 3,099.7
(122.035)
Average rainy days (≥ 1.0 mm) 19 15 15 15 14 16 17 16 17 20 22 22 208
Average relative humidity (%) 79 74 72 68 67 68 78 78 80 81 84 84 70
Mean monthly sunshine hours 155 168 217 240 279 210 186 186 186 180 157 149 2,313
Source #1: PAGASA[54]
Source #2: World Climate Guide (sunshine data).[55]

Disaster Risk Reduction

Typhoon Durian approaching the Philippines (2006)

Because of its geographical location on the eastern coast of the Philippines within the Pacific Ring of Fire, Legazpi is vulnerable to typhoons, volcanic eruptions and sea level rise. To mitigate the effects of climate change and improve the city's resilience against disasters, the city government has adopted a disaster risk reduction and climate change adaptation strategy.[56] The City Government of Legazpi was recognized by the National Disaster Risk Reduction Management Council (NDRRMC) as a model locality in implementing risk reduction management practices in the Philippines.[57]

On the provincial level, Albay has institutionalized disaster preparedness and disaster response by creating the Albay Public Safety and Emergency Management Office (APSEMO) in 1995.[58] The APSEMO is tasked to design and implement a disaster risk management and reduction program. Its main objective is to develop more pro-active and disaster resilient communities.[58] Specific disaster preparedness strategies in Albay and Legazpi include preemptive evacuation,[59] 'zero casualty' policy,[60][61] re-planning of the city's land use,[62] mangrove reforestation,[63] and the establishment of the Climate Change Academy as a training center for disaster risk management, evaluation of climate risk hazards and adaptive capabilities, planning, and programming.[64][65]

Demographics

Population census of Legazpi City
YearPop.±% p.a.
1990 121,116—    
1995 141,657+2.98%
2000 157,010+2.23%
YearPop.±% p.a.
2007 179,481+1.86%
2010 182,201+0.55%
2015 196,639+1.46%
Source: National Statistics Office[6][66][67]

In the 2015 census, the population of Legazpi was 196,639 people,[6] with a density of 1,300 inhabitants per square kilometre or 3,400 inhabitants per square mile.

In the 2010 Census, Legazpi had a population of 182,201 with an average annual population growth of 1.86% between 2000 and 2007. About 58 percent of the city's population or 105,853 live in areas classified as urban while 42 percent or 76,348 live in rural areas. The city has a population density of 9 people per hectare (54 people per hectare in urban areas and 4 people per hectare in rural areas). Daytime population in Legazpi is estimated to reach 350,000 due to the daily influx of students, workers, businessmen and tourists.[68]

Legazpi is the most populous city in the province of Albay and in the Bicol Region. It comprises 14.8% of the total population of Albay.[69] Languages spoken include Bikol (specifically Central Bikol Language), English, Filipino and Chinese.[70]

Religion

Cathedral of San Gregorio Magno

Roman Catholicism is the predominant religion in the city. Other religious denominations include Iglesia ni Cristo, Protestant churches such as Baptist, Methodist, Evangelical Christians, Seventh-day Adventist Church, Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints, Jehovah's Witnesses, and Islam. The city is the ecclesiastical seat of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Legazpi.

Culture

Festivals

The Ibalong Festival is a non-religious festival held annually each August. The festival celebrates the epic-fragment Ibalong, which narrates the exploits of three legendary heroes of Ibalon or Ancient Bikol: Baltog, Handyong, and Bantong. It was first held in October 1992. Yearly activities include the Ibalong Street Presentation, trade fairs, bazaars and weekend markets, Mutya ng Ibalong Pageant, and sports-related events such as the annual Mt. Mayon Triathlon.[71]

Daragang Magayon Festival

The Daragang Magayon Festival is a month-long annual festival celebrating Mt. Mayon. It is held in April in the entire province of Albay with most of the activities held in Legazpi City. The name comes from the Bikol word 'magayon', which means beautiful, from which the name of Mt. Mayon is derived. The festival features agricultural products display and trade fairs, culinary shows, cultural events, street parades, photo/arts exhibits, and sports events.[72]

During the Christmas season, the Karangahan Albay Green Christmas is held to emphasis on safe and environment-friendly celebration of the Yuletide season. First held in 2009, the festival runs from December 1 to 31.[73][74][75][76]

Having different patron saints, the city's two districts have different fiestas. Legazpi port district fiesta is held every October 24 in honor of St. Raphael the Archangel. Yearly activities include street parade and a maritime procession. The Albay district fiesta is held every September 3, in honor of St. Gregory the Great; it is usually declared a local non-working holiday.[77][78] There are several local festivals held in the city's barangays including Sto. Cristo Festival in Barangay Dap-Dap, Bankero Festival in Barangay San Roque, Biga Festival in Barangay Bigaa, Banua Festival in Barangay Binanuahan, Peñafrancia Festival in Barangay Sabang and Hikot Festival in Barangay Victory Village.[79]

Economy

Legazpi City at night, view from Brgy. Estanza

Legazpi City is a major economic hub in the Bicol Region. Economic activities in the city include agriculture, wholesale and retail trade, services, manufacturing and mining. Major sources of income include rice, root crops, and coconut. The city exports coconut oil, copra cake, perlite, and abaca products.[70][80] The city also has a fast-growing tourism industry with focus on adventure tourism.[81][82] The city government is promoting Legazpi as an ideal location for ICT-BPO businesses. In 2014, Legazpi's locally generated income reached Php338.2 million, with total income (including IRA) at Php711.1 million.[70][83] In the same year, Legazpi ranked first among cities in Bicol in terms of tax collection efficiency.[84][85]

Trade and industry

Landco Business Park

There were 5,055 business establishments in Legazpi as of 2014.[86] Most of these are located in the city's central business district, the Legazpi Port District. Landco Business Park, the first master-planned commercial business district in the Bicol Region, opened in 2001.[87] Thriving industries in Legazpi include coconut oil milling and production (Legaspi Oil Company - CIIF),[88] construction aggregate quarrying,[89] 'pinukpok' (abaca fabric) production in Brgy. Banquerohan,[90][91] and organic fertilizer manufacturing.[92]

To further boost the local economy, the city government is promoting the establishment of information technology (IT) parks and industrial estates such as the Embarcadero IT Park in Brgy. Victory Village, City Light Industrial Park (CLIP) in Brgy. Bogtong, Legazpi City Special Economic Zone in Brgy. Banquerohan, Bicol Regional Agro-Industrial Center (BRAIC) and First Legazpi Industrial Estate, both in Brgy. Homapon.[93][94]

Legazpi's urban district showing several shopping centers

The city is also home to a number of retail establishments. Liberty Commercial Center, Inc. (LCC), a homegrown Albayano company established in nearby Tabaco City in 1945, operates a major mall (LCC Mall Legazpi), three supermarkets and five Expressmarts (grocery stores) in the city.[95] Another notable mall is Pacific Mall Legazpi, the first full-sized mall in Bicol. Other malls in Legazpi include Embarcadero de Legazpi, A. Bichara Silverscreens and Entertainment Center, 101 Shopping Mall, Yashano Mall and Gregorian Mall. The city has also attracted investments from national retail chains including Metro Gaisano, SM Savemore, Robinsons Supermarket, Puregold and 7-Eleven. Ayala Malls [96][97][98] recently opened its Ayala Malls Legazpi - Liberty City Center. Meanwhile, according to city officials, SM Supermalls[99][100] is looking at possible sites in the city to open SM City Legazpi, the second SM Supermall in Bicol. The city has two public markets: Legazpi City Public Market, a recipient of the 'Huwarang Palengke Award' in 2006,[101] and Old Albay Public Market.[102][103] The Ibalong Pasalubong Center has shops selling souvenirs and local handicrafts.[104]

Banking and finance

As of June 30, 2015, Legazpi had a total of 42 banks, with volume of bank deposits at Php24.9 billion.[105] Legazpi Savings Bank, a thrift bank based in the city with eleven branches around the Bicol Region, was acquired by Robinsons Bank in 2012.[106] The Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas also has a branch in the city, along Rizal Street in Barangay Cabangan.

Business process outsourcing

Sutherland Global Services Legazpi

Legazpi is recognized as one of the 'next wave cities' for business process outsourcing (BPO).[107][108] The next wave cities are a list of ICT hubs beyond Metro Manila identified by the Information Technology and Business Process Association of the Philippines and the Department of Science and Technology, based on a set of criteria such as worker supply, telecom infrastructure and other factors needed to sustain the BPO industry.[109] Legazpi is aiming to attract more BPO firms to put up offices in the city.[110][111] As of 2015, BPO companies in Legazpi include One Half Philippines.[112]

The city currently has one IT park, the Embarcadero IT Park,[113] which offers about 8,000 call center seats that could provide jobs to some 24,000 agents in three shifts. Pioneering the business in the city is the Incubation Center of Southern Luzon Technological College Foundation Inc. (SLTCFI), which is an extension of Embarcadero’s P1.8-billion IT Park, the very first IT ecozone in the Bicol region inaugurated in July 2009.[2] As of 2015, the biggest locator in Embarcadero IT Park is Sutherland Global Services.[114][115]

Housing

There are 141 residential subdivisions and housing sites (132 privately owned, 9 government owned) in Legazpi.[70] National and local real estate developers have also invested in the city. These include Vista Land (Camella Legazpi),[116] Deca Homes,[117] and Sunwestville Realty and Development Corp. (Eco Homes Bayshores Condominium).[118] In 2015, Taft Property Ventures Development Corp., the real estate arm of Gaisano Group, announced that it is building a condominium in Legazpi.[119][120]

Tourism

ATV ride to Mayon, one of the adventure tourism activities in Legazpi

Located on the southern foothills of the scenic Mount Mayon, the city has a flourishing tourism industry. The province of Albay, whose center of trade and commerce is in the city, recorded a 66 percent growth rate in tourist arrivals for 2013.[121] In the same year, the city had a total of 263,568 foreign tourist arrivals, the most in the region.[122] In 2014, the city welcomed 666,210 tourists, an increase of 15 percent from the previous year.[123] including Chinese tourists who arrived at the city via direct chartered flights from Xiamen, China.[124][125][126] For 2015, Legazpi aims to reach its target of 900,000 tourist arrivals.[127][128]

Legazpi has the tourism tagline the "City of Fun and Adventure",[129][130] with a number of adventure tourism activities within the city including riding an ATV around Mt. Mayon, zip-lining, skydiving, scuba diving, and water sports.[131][132][133][134][135][136] In an ATV adventure to Mt. Mayon, tourists drive an all-terrain vehicle over rough trails, including a dry riverbed, leading to the volcano's lower slopes where hardened lava rock from previous eruptions are deposited. The activity was featured in reality shows The Amazing Race Asia 4 in 2010 and The Amazing Race Philippines 1 in 2012.[137] American actor Zac Efron visited Legazpi in October 2012 and drove an ATV around Mayon.[138][139]

Hiking and climbing Mt. Mayon is allowed during peaceful spells but was prohibited following a phreatic explosion with casualties in May 2013.[140][141] As part of its efforts to promote sports and adventure tourism, the city hosts annual sporting events such as Mt. Mayon Triathlon, Mayon 360 Ultramarathon and XTERRA Triathlon. The city also serves as a jump-off point to other adventure activities nearby including river rafting and waterfalls exploration in Malinao,[142][143] spelunking in Camalig,[144] island hopping in Bacacay,[145][146] skimboarding in Sto. Domingo,[147] and whale shark interaction in Donsol, Sorsogon.

The Oriental Legazpi

The city is home to 56 hotels and 110 bars and restaurants.[70] As of 2014, Legazpi had a total of 1,547 hotel rooms.[148] Among the notable hotels in the city is The Oriental Legazpi. Located in the hills of Taysan, it offers a panoramic view of the city, the Albay Gulf and Mt. Mayon.[149] It served as the venue of the joint conference meetings of the United Nations World Tourism Organization (UNWTO) and the Association of South East Asian Nations (ASEAN) from May 14 to 20, 2014[150] as well as the PATA New Tourism Frontiers Forum 2015.[151]

Legazpi is also aiming to be one of the top five convention destinations in Luzon by 2020.[123] The city has two public indoor arenas that can also serve as convention centers: Ibalong Centrum for Recreation (capacity: 7,000 persons)[152] and Albay Astrodome (capacity: 5,000 persons) The Albay Astrodome was used as the venue for the Big Night of Pinoy Big Brother: 737 on November 7–8, 2015.[153] The city government is also planning to build the Legazpi City Convention Center.[154] There are also several privately owned and hotel-based convention facilities such as the Casablanca Convention Hall (capacity: 1,000 persons),[155] The Oriental Grand Ballroom (capacity: 750 persons),[156] and Top of St. Ellis (capacity: 300 persons).[157] In 2015, Legazpi hosted 51 national and international conventions.[158]

Foreign trade

With a total trade value of US$129,423,764, the port of Legazpi is the leading port for exports in the entire Bicol Region for 2013.[159] Among the 17 port districts in the country, Legazpi is one of only five port districts that posted positive collection goals for January to April 2015.[160]

Infrastructure

Transportation

Legazpi is considered as the gateway to Bicol because of its relative proximity to the provinces of the region due to its geographical location.[161][162] With an airport, seaport, bus and rail terminals, the city is accessible to all modes of transportation.

Air

Legazpi Airport terminal building

The city is served by Legazpi Airport (IATA: LGP, ICAO: RPLP). It is the busiest domestic airport in mainland Southern Luzon[163] and was ranked 15th busiest in the country in 2012, with total passenger traffic of 578,762. The Legazpi Airport has a runway length of 2,280 metres (7,480 ft) and is capable of handling international aircraft. As of 2015, Cebu Pacific Air flies thrice daily between Manila and Legazpi and 4x weekly between Cebu and Legazpi. Philippine Airlines has two daily flights between Manila and Legazpi. Cebgo (formerly Tigerair Philippines), a subsidiary of Cebu Pacific Air, has one daily flight between Manila and Legazpi.

In 2015, the Legazpi Airport was renovated to expand and improve the passenger terminal, add separate arrival and pre-departure areas for domestic and international chartered flights, and provide office space for the Bureau of Immigration, Customs and Human/Plant Quarantine and the Philippine Drug Enforcement Agency.[164] The Legazpi Airport is set to be replaced by the Bicol International Airport currently under construction in Brgy. Alobo, Daraga, fifteen kilometers away from the current airport.

Land

Legazpi Grand Central Terminal
An image of Legazpi with the sea and Mt. Mayon.
Mayon Volcano view from a plane

Legazpi is accessible by land transport. Several buses ply the route between Manila with stops in neighboring provinces.[165] The city has an award-winning integrated bus and public utility vehicle terminal called Legazpi Grand Central Terminal, a public-private partnership project.[166] Buses and public utility vehicles also have regular trips between Legazpi and neighboring cities. The city is also served by Legazpi railway station, the southernmost terminus of the Philippine National Railways (PNR). Plans are underway to revive rail transport between Manila and Legazpi.[167] As of 2015, the PNR has started commuter rail service between Legazpi and Naga City.[168] Modes of public transport within the city include jeepneys, tricycles, taxicabs and pedicabs. The PNR Legazpi station was also the terminus of LG - TA branch line (Tabaco-Legazpi) and the Legazpi Division Line.

Sea

Legazpi Port Terminal

The port of Legazpi is classified as a national sub-port of entry catering to domestic and foreign cargo vessels.[169] Its modern-day port, which was built by the engineering firm Pedro Siochi and Company during the era of President Quezon, played a great role in the liberation of Manila in 1945. As of 2015, regular passenger trips from the port are between Legazpi and the island municipality of Rapu-Rapu and coastal villages of Bacon District, Sorsogon City. The city government has proposed the construction of an international cruise ship terminal under public-private partnership.[170] The proposed passenger cruise terminal has received approval from the Department of Tourism and the Tourism Infrastructure and Enterprise Zone Authority (TIEZA).[170][171]

Waste Management

The city government operates a 1.5 hectare sanitary landfill in Brgy. Banquerohan. Opened in 2011 through a grant from the Spanish government’s Agencia Espanola Cooperacion Internacional para el Desarollo (AECID),[172] the sanitary landfill has two cells that will contain the city's non-recyclable waste.[173] In 2010, Legazpi implemented a solid waste management program with emphasis on reduction of waste in the household and business establishment level; resource recovery, recycling, and reusing at the barangay level; collection, transfer, transport and management of residual waste at the city level.[174] The city also aims to reduce plastic waste by implementing the 'plastic for rice program' wherein citizens can exchange five kilos of residual plastic waste for a kilo of rice.[175] The city government recognizes barangays that practice outstanding solid waste management.[176]

As a result of its waste management programs, the city was able to successfully reduce solid waste generated per capita per day from 0.5 kilograms in 2009 to 0.29 kilograms in 2015.[174] Meanwhile, the city is planning to build a septage and waste water treatment facility to protect its water resources.[177] A Japanese firm has also proposed an organic fertilizer manufacturing project.[178]

Flood Control

To prevent flooding in the city's main business center, the city government is building a flood control project that is envisioned to turn Legazpi into an 'all weather city'.[179] Components of the project include three pumping stations located in barangays San Roque, Baybay and Victory Village, dikes and drainage systems along the Tibu and Macabalo Rivers, and a 2.7 kilometer coastal road in barangays Pigcale, Sabang, Baybay, San Roque and Rawis that will serve as protection from storm surges.[180][181][182]

Sports

The Albay Vulcans are a Philippine rugby union and rugby league team based in Legazpi. They play in the Philippines National Rugby League Championship.

Education

Bicol University Main Campus

Legazpi is a center of education in the Bicol Region. It is home to two universities (Bicol University and Aquinas University of Legazpi) and a number of colleges and technical-vocational schools. As of 2010, there are 63 daycare/pre-schools, 57 elementary schools and 27 secondary schools in the city.[183]

Bicol University, established in 1969 as the premier regional state and research university and the first ISO 9001:2008 certified public university in Bicol, has its main campus in Legazpi near the boundary with neighboring Daraga town. The BU Main Campus hosts the College of Education (BUCE), College of Nursing (BUCN), College of Arts and Letters (BUCAL), College of Science (BUCS), Graduate School (BUGS), Institute of Physical Education, Sports and Recreation (IPESR), College of Medicine (BUCM), Bicol University College of Education Integrated Laboratory School-Elementary Department and Bicol University College of Education Integrated Laboratory School-High School Department (BUCEILS-HS). The Bicol University Research Extension Program Center (BUREPC), the Amphitheatre and the Little Theater are also found in this campus. For school year 2015–16, BU has 27,226 enrollees.[184]

Aquinas University of Legazpi is a private Catholic University run by the Dominican Fathers/Order of Preachers. Originally founded by Don Buenaventura de Erquiaga as the Legazpi Junior Colleges in 1948, AUL became a university in 1968 when the administration of the college was passed on to the Dominicans. Aquinas University of Legazpi offers elementary, secondary, vocational, tertiary and graduate curricula.[185]

St. Agnes' Academy, established in 1912 by the Missionary Benedictine Sisters, is the oldest Catholic school in Albay and the second Benedictine school to be established in the Philippines after St. Scholastica's College Manila.[186]

Divine Word College of Legazpi is a Catholic college run by the Societas Verbi Divini (SVD) Congregation. It started as Liceo de Albay, a diocesan parochial school for boys established in 1947 by Rev. Fr. Juan Carullo, a retired Army Chaplain. In 1960, the SVD led by Fr. Joseph L. Bates took over the administration of the school and renamed it Divine Word High School. It was elevated to tertiary level as Divine Word College of Legazpi (DWCL) in 1965.[187]

Local Government

Legazpi City Hall

Legazpi City is governed by a mayor, vice-mayor, and ten councilors. Each city official is elected to serve for a three-year term. The representative of the Liga ng mga Barangay and the Sangguniang Kabataan also participates in the city council. The current city mayor of Legazpi is Noel Rosal, elected during the 2016 Philippine Elections. Oscar Robert H.Cristobal serves as vice-mayor[188]

Barangays

Legazpi is politically subdivided into 70 barangays.[7] The City has 45 urban barangays and 25 rural barangays.[70]

Health care

Bicol Regional Training and Teaching Hospital

Health care institutions in Legazpi:

  • Ago General Hospital
  • Albay Doctors Hospital
  • Albay Polyclinic
  • Aquinas University Hospital
  • Bicol Eye Center
  • Bicol Regional Training and Teaching Hospital (BRTTH)
  • Dr. Esteban V. Ante Hospital
  • Estevez Memorial Hospital
  • Legazpi City Hospital (under construction)
  • Legazpi Eye Center
  • Suncore Multispecialty and Diagnostic Clinic
  • Tanchuling Hospital

Notable people

Sister cities

Local

International

See also

References

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  165. ↑ "Legazpi wins Galing Pook award | LEGAZPI CITY". legazpi.gov.ph. Retrieved 2015-10-10.
  166. ↑ "Legazpi City celebrates Galing Pook, other awards". newsinfo.inquirer.net. Retrieved 2015-10-10.
  167. ↑ "PPP project reviving Manila-Legazpi train service set for rollout in May". InterAksyon.com. Retrieved 2015-10-10.
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  169. ↑ "Legazpi port to start P100M repair works | Bicol Mail". www.bicolmail.com. Retrieved 2015-10-10.
  170. 1 2 "Legazpi City set as cruise ship destination". Philstar.com. Retrieved 2015-10-21.
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  172. ↑ "Spanish Development Cooperation in the Philippines, May 2013" (PDF).
  173. ↑ "Legazpi's modern P43M sanitary landfill to open in August | Visit Legazpi!". Visit Legazpi!. Retrieved 2015-10-20.
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  177. ↑ "Legazpi to put up waste water treatment facility | LEGAZPI CITY". legazpi.gov.ph. Retrieved 2015-10-20.
  178. ↑ "Philippines News Agency: Japanese firm offers to process Legazpi's wastes into organic fertilizer By Emmanuel P. Solis". Philippines News Agency. 2015-09-08. Retrieved 2015-10-20.
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  184. ↑ "With great joy and anticipation... | BU". Bicol University. Retrieved 2015-10-13.
  185. ↑ "Brief History of Aquinas University of Legazpi - About Us - AQuinas University of Legazpi". www.aq.edu.ph. Retrieved 2015-10-10.
  186. ↑ "History of St. Agnes Academy".
  187. ↑ "Divine word college of legazpi official website". www.dwc-legazpi.edu. Retrieved 2015-10-22.
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