Levine's sign

Not to be confused with Levine scale.

Levine's sign is a clenched fist held over the chest to describe ischemic chest pain.^[1] As the referred pain associated with ischemia radiates to the area of the left proximal forelimb, the right, unaffected arm is used to produce the gesture.

It is named for Samuel A. Levine (1891–1966), an influential American cardiologist, who first observed that many patients suffering from chest pain made this same sign to describe their symptoms. This clenched fist signal may be seen in patients with acute coronary syndrome (myocardial infarction and angina pectoris).

A variant of this sign which uses the entire palm instead of the clinched fist over the chest is commonly known as the Palm Sign and in Latin America, it is widely referred to as the Cossio's Sign or Cossio-Levine Sign. This sign is named after the famous Argentine Cardiologist, Pedro Alurralde Cossio (1900-1986) who described it sometime in 1934.^[2]

References

↑ Edmondstone WM (1995). "Cardiac chest pain: does body language help the diagnosis?". BMJ. 311 (7021): 1660–1. doi:10.1136/bmj.311.7021.1660. PMC 2539106. PMID 8541748.
↑ http://www.neglectedscience.com/alphabetical-list/c/pedro-cossio

Eponymous medical signs for circulatory system

Heart disease

Heart murmur	Systolic heart murmur: Benign paediatric heart murmur (Still's murmur) Diastolic heart murmur: Pulmonic regurgitation (Graham Steell murmur) Aortic insufficiency (Austin Flint murmur) Carey Coombs murmur Mitral regurgitation (Presystolic murmur)

Aortic insufficiency	Watson's water hammer pulse/Corrigan pulse De Musset's sign Duroziez's sign Müller's sign Quincke's sign Austin Flint murmur Mayne's sign

Other endocardium	endocarditis: Roth's spot Janeway lesion/Osler's node Bracht-Wachter bodies

Pericardium	Cardiac tamponade/Pericardial effusion: Beck's triad Ewart's sign

Other	rheumatic fever: Anitschkow cell Aschoff body EKG (Osborn wave) angina pectoris (Levine's sign) Gallavardin phenomenon

Vascular disease

Arterial	aortic aneurysm (Cardarelli's sign, Oliver's sign) pulmonary embolism (McConnell's sign) radial artery sufficiency (Allen's test) pseudohypertension (Osler's sign) thrombus (Lines of Zahn) Adson's sign arteriovenous fistula (Nicoladoni sign)

Venous	Friedreich's sign Caput medusae Kussmaul's sign DVT Bancroft's sign Homans sign Lisker's sign Louvel's sign Lowenberg's sign Peabody's sign Pratt's sign Rose's sign Trendelenburg test superior vena cava syndrome (Pemberton's sign)

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