Limacina retroversa

Limacina retroversa
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Subkingdom:	Metazoa
Phylum:	Mollusca
Class:	Gastropoda
(unranked):	clade Heterobranchia clade Euthyneura clade Euopisthobranchia clade Thecosomata
Superfamily:	Cavolinioidea
Family:	Limacinidae
Genus:	Limacina
Species:	L. retroversa
Binomial name
Limacina retroversa (Fleming, 1823)[1]
Synonyms[2][3]
Fusus retroversus Fleming, 1823 Heterofusus alexandri Verrill, 1872 Heterofusus retroversus Fleming, 1823 Limacina balea Møller, 1841 Peracle flemingii Forbes, 1844 Scaea stenogyra Philippi, 1844 Spirialis australis Eydoux & Souleyet, 1840 Spirialis balea (Møller, 1841) Spirialis jeffreysii Forbes & Hanley, 1849 Spirialis macandrewi Forbes & Hanley, 1849 Spirialis gouldii Stimpson, 1851 Spiralis retroversa Trochus lunaris Gmelin, 1791

Limacina retroversa is a species of swimming predatory sea snail in the family Limacinidae,^[3] that belong to the group commonly known as sea butterflies (Thecosomata).

There is one subspecies: Limacina retroversa australis (Eydoux & Souleyet, 1840)

Distribution

This marine species has a wide distribution:

• North Atlantic Ocean
• Northwest Atlantic Ocean
• European waters
• Mediterranean Sea
• Caribbean Sea
• Cape Verde
• Argentine Sea^[4]

Ecology

Pteropod Clione limacina feeds almost entirely on genus Limacina: on Limacina helicina and on Limacina retroversa.^[5][6]

References

1. Fleming J. (1823). "On a reversed species of Fusus (Fusus retroversus)". Memoirs of the Wernerian Natural History Society, Edinburgh, 4(2): 498-500, plate 15, figure 2.
2. "Limacina retroversa". CLEMAM, accessed 3 February 2011.
3. Gofas, S. (2011). Limacina retroversa. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=140227 on 18 July 2012
4. Dadon J. R. & de Cidre L. L. (1992). "The reproductive cycle of the Thecosomatous pteropod Limacina retroversa in the western South Atlantic". Marine Biology 114: 439-442. doi:10.1007/BF00350035, PDF.
5. Lalli C. M. & Gilmer R. W. (1989). Pelagic Snails. The biology of holoplanktonic gastropod molluscs. Stanford University Press: Stanford, California. page 188.
6. Kallevik, I.H.F. (2013). Alternative prey choice in the pteropod Clione limacina (Gastropoda) studied by DNA-based methods. Biology Field of study - Arctic Marine Ecology and Resource Biology. Bio-3950 (60 ECT). The University Center in Svalbard.

• Abbott, R.T. (1974). American Seashells. 2nd ed. Van Nostrand Reinhold: New York, NY (USA). 663 pp.
• Rosenberg, G. 1992. Encyclopedia of Seashells. Dorset: New York. 224 pp.
• Bleakney, J.S. 1996. Sea slugs of Atlantic Canada and the Gulf of Maine. The Nova Scotia Museum Field Guide Series. Nimbus Publishing. Halifax. 216 p.
• Turgeon, D.D., et al. 1998. Common and scientific names of aquatic invertebrates of the United States and Canada. American Fisheries Society Special Publication 26
• Gofas, S.; Le Renard, J.; Bouchet, P. (2001). Mollusca, in: Costello, M.J. et al. (Ed.) (2001). European register of marine species: a check-list of the marine species in Europe and a bibliography of guides to their identification. Collection Patrimoines Naturels, 50: pp. 180-213
• Rolán E., 2005. Malacological Fauna From The Cape Verde Archipelago. Part 1, Polyplacophora and Gastropoda.
• Janssen A.W. (2012) Late Quaternary to Recent holoplanktonic Mollusca (Gastropoda) from bottom samples of the eastern Mediterranean Sea: systematics, morphology. Bollettino Malacologico 48 (suppl. 9): 1-105.

Further reading

• Lebour M. V. (1932). "Limacina retroversa in Plymouth waters". J. mar. biol. Assoc. U.K. (ns)18(1): 123-129, 2 pls.