Martin Goodman (publisher)

Martin Goodman
Born	Moe Goodman January 18, 1908
Died	June 6, 1992 (aged 84) Palm Beach, Florida, United States
Nationality	American
Area(s)	Publisher
Notable works	Marvel Comics Magazine Management Company

Martin Goodman, born Moe Goodman^[1] (January 18, 1908 – June 6, 1992),^[1][2] was an American publisher of pulp magazines, paperback books, men's adventure magazines, and comic books, launching the company that would become Marvel Comics.

Biography

Pulp magazines and Timely Comics

Moe Goodman, who would later adopt the name Martin, was the oldest son of 13 recorded children of Isaac Goodman (b. 1872) and Anna Gleichenhaus (b. 1875). His parents were Jewish immigrants who had met in the United States after separately moving from their native Vilna, Lithuania, then part of Russia.^[1][3] The family lived at different homes in the New York City borough of Brooklyn.^[4] As a young man, Moe traveled around the country during the Great Depression, living in hobo camps.^[5][6] Circa late 1929, future Archie Comics co-founder Louis Silberkleit, then circulation manager at the magazine distribution company Eastern Distributing Corp., hired Goodman for his department, assigning him clients that included publisher Hugo Gernsback.^[6] Goodman later became circulation manager himself,^[4] but the company went bankrupt in October 1932.^[7] Goodman then joined Silberkleit and other investors as part owner of Mutual Magazine Distributors, and was named editor of Silberkleit's new sister company, the publisher Newsstand Publications Inc., at 53 Park Place, also known as 60 Murray Street, in Manhattan.^{[8][n 1]}

The pulp magazine Uncanny Tales (May 1940), bearing Goodman's Red Circle logo

Goodman's first publication was the Newsstand Publications pulp magazine Western Supernovel Magazine, premiering with cover-date May 1933.^[10] After the first issue he renamed it Complete Western Book Magazine, beginning with cover-date July 1933.^[11] Goodman's pulp magazines included All Star Adventure Fiction, Complete Western Book, Mystery Tales, Real Sports, Star Detective, the science fiction magazine Marvel Science Stories and the jungle-adventure title Ka-Zar, starring its Tarzan-like namesake.

In 1939, with the emerging medium of comic books proving hugely popular, and the first superheroes setting the trend, Goodman contracted with newly formed comic-book "packager" Funnies, Inc. to supply material for a test comic book. Marvel Comics #1, cover-dated October 1939 and published by his newly formed Timely Publications.^[12] It featured the first appearances of the hit characters the Human Torch and the Sub-Mariner,^[13] and quickly sold out 80,000 copies. Goodman produced a second printing, cover-dated November 1939, that then sold an approximate 800,000 copies.^[14] With a hit on his hands, Goodman began assembling an in-house staff, hiring Funnies, Inc. writer-artist Joe Simon as editor, and Timely's first official employee. Goodman then formed Timely Comics, Inc., beginning with comics cover-dated April 1941 or Spring 1941.^[15] Timely Comics became the umbrella name for the several paper corporations that comprised Goodman's comic-book division, which in ensuing decades would evolve into Marvel Comics.^[16]

Marvel Comics #1 (Oct. 1939), featuring the Human Torch. Art by Frank R. Paul.

In 1941, Timely published its third major character, the patriotic superhero Captain America by Simon and future comics-artist legend Jack Kirby. The success of Captain America #1 (March 1941) led to an expansion of staff, with Simon bringing freelancer Kirby on staff and subsequently hiring inker Syd Shores "to be Timely's third employee."^[17] Simon and Kirby departed Timely after 10 issues of Captain America, and Goodman appointed Stan Lee as Timely's editor, a position Lee would hold for decades.

With the post-war lessening of interest in superheroes, Goodman established a pattern of directing Lee to follow a variety of genres as the market seemed to trend, such as romance in 1948, horror in 1951, Westerns in 1955 and Kaiju monsters in 1958. He could be highly derivative In this regard, such as ordering the title character of Patsy Walker, America's #1 Teenager to have similar crosshatching in her hair as that of Archie Comics' popular Archie Andrews.^[18]

The name "Timely Comics" went into disuse after Goodman began using the globe logo of the newsstand-distribution company he owned, Atlas, starting with the covers of comic books dated November 1951. This united a line put out by the same publisher, staff and freelancers through 59 shell companies, from Animirth Comics to Zenith Publications.^[19] Throughout the 1950s, the company formerly known as Timely was called Atlas Comics.

Red Circle

Red Circle logo

Goodman, whose business strategy involved using several corporate names for various publishing ventures, sometimes attempted branding his line with the logo "Red Circle," which comics historian Les Daniels calls "a halfhearted attempt to establish an identity for what was usually described loosely as 'the Goodman group' ... a red disk surrounded by a black ring that bore the phrase 'A Red Circle Magazine.' But it appeared only intermittently, when someone remembered to put it on [a pulp magazine's] cover.^[20] Historian Jess Nevins, conversely, writes that, "Timely Publications [was how] Goodman's group [of companies] had become known; before this, it was known as 'Red Circle' because of the logo that Goodman had put on his pulp magazines...."^[21] The Grand Comics Database identifies 21 Goodman comic books from 1944 to 1959 with Red Circle, Inc. branding,^[22] and one 1948 comic under Red Circle Magazines Corp.^[23]

Magazine Management and Lion Books

As the market for pulp magazines waned, Goodman, in addition to comic books, transitioned to conventional magazines — published through a concern dubbed Magazine Management Company at least as far back as 1947^[24] — and in 1949 founded Lion Books, a paperback line. Goodman used the name Red Circle Books for the first seven titles plus an additional two later. Most were novels, but there was a smattering of mostly sports-oriented nonfiction. Goodman eventually developed two lines, the 25¢ Lion and the 35¢ Lion Library.^[25]

New American Library bought Lion in 1957, and several Lion titles were reprinted under its Signet label. Authors that Lion published included such notables as Robert Bloch, David Goodis and Jim Thompson.^[25] The first Lion editor was Arnold Hano.^[26]

Marvel Comics

In mid-1961, following rival DC Comics' successful revival of superheroes a few years earlier, Goodman ordered Lee to follow the trend again. Weary of Goodman's artistic dictates and the awkward orders he gave with such as having Lee dismiss the entire staff outside of himself in favor of freelancers in 1957,^[27] Stan Lee collaborated with artist Jack Kirby to create The Fantastic Four #1 (cover-dated Nov. 1961) in an artistic experiment before intending to resign.^[28] Instead, that series became first hit of what would become Marvel Comics. The newly naturalistic comics, in which superheroes bickered, worried about money and behaved more like everyday people than noble archetypes, changed the industry. Lee, Kirby, such artists as Steve Ditko, Don Heck, Dick Ayers, John Romita Sr., Gene Colan, and John Buscema, and eventually writers including Roy Thomas and Archie Goodwin, ushered in a string of hit characters, including Spider-Man, Iron Man, the Hulk, Daredevil, and the X-Men.

In fall 1968, Goodman sold Magazine Management to the Perfect Film & Chemical Corporation. Goodman remained as publisher^[29] until 1972, which included supporting Lee's decision to disregard the Comics Code Authority's disallowance of an The Amazing Spider-Man anti-drug themed story-arc requested by the US Department of Health, Education and Welfare, which discredited the censor.^[30] Two years later he founded a new comics company, Seaboard Periodicals, which published under a new Atlas Comics imprint and is known to collectors as "Atlas/Seaboard Comics". It shut down the following year.

Perfect Film & Chemical renamed itself Cadence Industries in 1973, the first of many post-Goodman changes, mergers, and acquisitions that led to what became the 21st-century corporation Marvel Entertainment Group.

Men's magazines

Goodman's Magazine Management Company also published such men's adventure magazines as Bachelor, For Men Only, Male, Stag and Swank, edited during the 1950s by Noah Sarlat. As well, there was such ephemera as a one-shot black-and-white "nudie cutie" comic, The Adventures of Pussycat (Oct. 1968), that reprinted some stories of the sexy, tongue-in-cheek secret-agent strip that ran in some of his men's magazines. Marvel/Atlas writers Stan Lee, Larry Lieber and Ernie Hart and artists Wally Wood, Al Hartley, Jim Mooney and Bill Everett and "good girl art" cartoonist Bill Ward contributed.^[31][32]

By the late 1960s, these titles had begun evolving into erotic magazines, with pictorials about dancers and swimsuit models replaced by bikinis and discreet nude shots, with gradually fewer fiction stories.

Another division, Humorama, published digest-sized magazines of girlie cartoons by Ward, Bill Wenzel and Archie Comics great Dan De Carlo, as well as black-and-white photos of pin-up models including Bettie Page, Eve Meyer, stripper Lili St. Cyr and actresses Joi Lansing, Tina Louise, Irish McCalla, Julie Newmar and others. Abe Goodman, a relative, headed this division. Titles included Breezy, Gaze, Gee-Whiz, Joker, Stare, and Snappy. They were published from at least the mid-1950s to mid-1960s.

In addition to men's adventure magazines and Humorama, Goodman also published many other magazines covering a plethora of topics including several male-oriented glossy 5" × 7" digests in the early to mid-1950s (e.g. Focus, Photo, and Eye) prior to the development of Humorama, as well as many romance, film and television, sports and other general interest magazines spanning several decades.

Personal life

Goodman was married to Jean Davis, with whom he had children Iden, Charles, and Amy. He died June 6, 1992, at his home in Palm Beach, Florida, aged 84.^[33]

Son Charles, known as "Chip", founded his own publishing company that produced 80 magazines in home, fitness, pornography and other niches, before dying of pneumonia in 1996, aged 55.^[34] Grandson Jason Goodman circa 2010 announced a partnership with Ardden Entertainment to relaunch Goodman's 1970s Atlas Comics.^[35]

Goodman's magazines

Pulp magazines

Adventure Trails All Baseball Stories All Basketball Stories All Football Stories All Star Detective Stories All Star Fiction / All Star Adventure Fiction / All Star Adventure Magazine American Sky Devils The Angel Detective Best Detective Best Love Magazine Best Sports Magazine Best Western / Best Western Novels Big Baseball Stories Big Book Sports Big Sports Magazine Children's Book Digest Complete Adventure Magazine Complete Detective Complete Sports / Complete Sports Action Stories for Men Complete War Novels Complete Western Book Magazine Cowboy Action Novels Detective Mysteries Detective Short Stories Dynamic Science Stories Five Western Novels Gunsmoke Western Justice (digest) Ka-Zar / Ka-Zar the Great Marvel Science Stories / Marvel Tales / Marvel Stories / Marvel Science Fiction Modern Love Modern Love Stories Mystery Tales

Quick Trigger Western Novels Magazine Ranch Love Stories Real Confessions Real Love Real Mystery Magazine / Real Mystery Real Sports Romantic Short Stories Secret Story Six-Gun Western Sky Devils Sports Action Sports Leaders Magazine Sports Short Stories Star Detective Magazine Star Sports Magazine 3-Book Western (digest) Three Western Novels / Three Western Novels Magazine Top-Notch Detective Top-Notch Western True Crime / True Crime Magazine Two Daring Love Novels Two-Gun Western Novels Magazine / Two-Gun Western / Two-Gun Western Novels / 2-Gun Western Uncanny Stories Uncanny Tales War Stories Magazine Western Fiction Magazine / Western Fiction Monthly / Western Fiction Western Magazine (Digest) Western Novelettes Western Short Stories Western Supernovel Wild West Stories & Complete Novel Magazine Wild Western Novels / Wild Western Novels Magazine

Romance and true crime magazines

My Confession My Romance True Secrets Humor magazines Best Cartoons from the Editors of Male & Stag, Magazine Management — published at least from 1973 to 1975)[36] Cartoon Capers — published at least from vol. 4, #2 (1969) - vol. 10, #3 (1975)[36] Cartoon Laughs — confirmed extant: vol 12, #3 (1973)[36] Men's-adventure and erotic magazines Launched pre-1970 Bachelor initially titled Men in Adventure 1959 For Men Only — confirmed at least from vol. 4, #11 (Dec. 1957) through at least vol. 26, #3 (March 1976) Published by Canam Publishers (at least 1957), Newsstand Publications Inc. (at least 1966–1967), Perfect Film Inc. (at least 1968), Magazine Management Co. Inc. (at least 1970) [37] Male — published at least vol. 1, #2 (July 1950) through 1977 [38] Stag — at least 314 issues published February 1942 - Feb. 1976 Published by Official Communications Inc. (1951), Official Magazines (Feb. 1952 - March 1958), Atlas (July 1958 - Oct. 1968), Magazine Management (Dec. 1970 to end) [39] Stag Annual — at least 18 issues published 1964–1975 Published by Atlas (1964–1968), Magazine Management (1970–1975)[39] Swank 1970s and later FILM International — covering X-rated movies [40] True crime magazines Action Life Magazine — published at least volume 4, #4 (Nov. 1954), Atlas Magazine Pub. Complete Detective Cases — published at least between March 1941 and Fall 1954, Postal Pub. Inc. Leading Detective Cases — published at least May 1947, Zenith Pub. Corp. National Detective Cases — published at least March 1941. Movie magazines Screen Stars — published at least October 1944. Other magazines Celebrity — extant in at least 1977 It's Amazing — issue #1 dated only 1949, published by Stadium Publishing. Movie World Popular Digest — volume 1 #1, September 1939. Sex Health — issue #1 dated August 1937. Notes A 2003 account by journalist and later Archie Comics publicist Rik Offenberger, writing about the formation of Archie, maintains that, "In the early 1930s Louis Silberkleit, Martin Goodman, and Maurice Coyne started Columbia Publications" — a company unrelated to the later Columbia Comics, which began in 1940. "Goodman soon left that company and it was owned solely by Louis Silberkleit and Maurice Coyne. Columbia was one of the last pulp companies, putting out its last pulp in the late 50s..."[9] Bell and Vassallo's 2013 book disputes that Goodman was involved in Columbia Publications, saying, "[T]here is no evidence that Columbia Publications existed before Goodman and SIlberkleit parted company in 1934." The authors add: "Sources contributing to the myth: the late Jerry Bails's Who's Who of American Comics, the late Les Daniels in Marvel: Five Fabulous Decades of the World's Greatest Comics, and David Saunders in Illustration Magazine #14, Summer 2005."[10] References City of New York, Department of Health Certificate and Record of Birth, January 18, 1908, No. 3268, lists name as "Moe". Bell and Vassallo list his name as "Moses", citing U.S. Census records, Bell, Blake; Vassallo, Michael J. (2013). The Secret History of Marvel Comics. Seattle: Fantagraphics Books. pp. 11–12, 102. ISBN 978-1606995525. Birth year given as 1910, Brooklyn, in Daniels, Les (1991). Marvel: Five Fabulous Decades of the World's Greatest Comics'. Harry N. Abrams. p. 17. ISBN 0-8109-3821-9. Bell, Vassallo note (p. 290), "Daniels's book gets several facts [about Goodman] wrong, including Goodman's date of birth, the name of his very first pulp, and the name of his first publishing company." Birth year also appears as 1910 at "Reading Room Index to the Comic Art Collection, 'Goo' to 'Goodman'". Michigan State University Libraries Special Collections Division. Archived from the original on September 9, 2010. Birthdate is given as January 8, likely a typographical error, at Ro, Ronin (2004). Tales to Astonish: Jack Kirby, Stan Lee and the American Comic Book Revolution. Bloomsbury. Martin Goodman, Social Security Number 087-07-1191, at the Social Security Death Index via GeanealogyBank.com. http://www.myjewishlearning.com/article/jews-in-comic-books/ Bell, Vassallo, p. 290. Daniels, Marvel. p. 18 Bell, Vassallo, p. 12 Bell, Vassallo, p. 15. Bell, Vassallo, p. 16. Ro, in his 2004 book, p. 7, states Goodman ...worked for Independent News [partly founded by Eastern Distributing founder Paul Sampliner] alongside future [Archie Comics] publishers and rivals John Goldwater and Louis Silberkleit [as well as with] Frank Armer, who helped distribute Harry Donenfeld's Detective Comics. In 1932, Goodman and Silberkleit left Independent News, borrowed money, and formed Western Fiction Publishing, where they published the pulp magazine Complete Western Book [Magazine]. Decent sales inspired two of the same: Best Western and Quick Trigger Western Novel. Two years after forming Western Fiction, however, Silberkleit left." Offenberger, Rik (March 1, 2003). "Publisher Profile: Archie Comics". Borderline #19 via MightyCrusaders.net. Retrieved April 2, 2008. Bell, Vassallo, p. 17. Cottrill, Tim (2005). 'Bookery's Guide to Pulps & Related Magazines 1888–1969. Bookery Press. pp. 70, 274. Postal indicia in issue, per Marvel Comics #1 [1st printing] (October 1939) at the Grand Comics Database: "Vol.1, No.1, MARVEL COMICS, Oct., 1939 Published monthly by Timely Publications, ... Art and editorial by Funnies Incorporated..." Writer-artist Bill Everett's Sub-Mariner had actually been created for an undistributed movie-theater giveaway comic, Motion Picture Funnies Weekly earlier that year, with the previously unseen, eight-page original story expanded by four pages for Marvel Comics #1. Both figures per researcher Keif Fromm, Alter Ego #49, p. 4 (caption) "Marvel : Timely Publications (Indicia Publisher)" at the Grand Comics Database. "This is the original business name under which Martin Goodman began publishing comics in 1939. It was used on all issues up to and including those cover-dated March 1941 or Winter 1940–1941, spanning the period from Marvel Comics #1 to Captain America Comics #1. It was replaced by Timely Comics, Inc. starting with all issues cover-dated April 1941 or Spring 1941." Daniels, Les (1991). Marvel: Five Fabulous Decades of the World's Greatest Comics. New York: Harry N. Abrams. pp. 27 & 32–33. ISBN 0-8109-3821-9."Timely Publications became the name under which Goodman first published a comic book line. He eventually created a number of companies to publish comics ... but Timely was the name by which Goodman's Golden Age comics were known." "Marvel wasn't always Marvel; in the early 1940s the company was known as Timely Comics...." Ro, p. ??? Van Lente, Fred; Dunlavey, Ryan (2012). The Comic Book History of Comics. IDW. pp. 102–103. Marvel Indicia Publishers at the Grand Comics Database Daniels, Marvel: Five Fabulous Decades of the World's Greatest Comics, p. 21 Nevins, Jess. "The Timely Comics Story". p. 3: "Antebellum" Part I". Archived from the original on August 18, 2011. Retrieved 16 August 2011. Marvel : Red Circle Magazines, Inc. (Indicia / Colophon Publisher) at the Grand Comics Database. Marvel : Red Circle Magazines Corp. (Indicia / Colophon Publisher) t the Grand Comics Database. Bell, Vassallo, p. 39 Black, Bruce, ed. "Lion". BookScans.com (fan site). Archived from the original on October 29, 2010. Retrieved 15 August 2011. Hano in Waddles, Hank (September 25, 2009). "Bronx Banter Interview: Arnold Hano". Alex Bleth's Bronx Banter. Retrieved November 27, 2014. I was the managing editor of Bantam Books from 1947 to ’49 ... until I tried to unionize the shop and they fired me in 1949. I answered an ad to start a paperback line and I started Lion Books. ... [T]hat was until 1954. There was an Eisenhower recession then, and Martin Goodman, the boss there, cut everybody’s salary ten percent. Well, I had an ex-wife and two kids and Bonnie and the kid, and that was my margin ... so I quit. Van Lente, Dunlavey, pp. 103-105. Cronin, Brian (2009). Was Superman a Spy. Plume: The Penguin Group. p. 90. Daniels, Marvel. p. 139 Cronin, pp. 110–111. POV Online: "The Marvel Age of Huge Breasts" by Mark Evanier Tony's Online Tips, July 2, 2003 "Martin Goodman, 84; Began Marvel Comics". The New York Times. June 11, 1992. Retrieved October 8, 2013. Note: Obituary erroneously states Goodman "invented such popular characters as Captain America and Spiderman [sic]", that his company's first hero was Captain America, and that he retired in 1968. Raphael, Jordan; Spurgeon, Tom (2004). Stan Lee and the Rise and Fall of the American Comic Book. Chicago Review Press. p. 150. ISBN 978-1556525414. "Marvel Founder's Grandson Unleashes Atlas Comics" (Press release). Atlas Comics via AtlasArchives.com. September 29, 2010. Archived from the original on September 22, 2010. Retrieved September 22, 2010. Michigan State University Libraries: Reading Room Index to the Comic Art Collection The FictionMags Index. Note: Cached version includes contents list with staff/contributors names. Editor of vol. 21, #8 (Aug. 1974) is Ivan Prashker University of Pennsylvania Library: "First copyright renewals for periodicals" Magazine Data File, p. 300 Sexy Magazines: Title List External links Stephensen-Payne, Phil. "Magazines > Pulp Magazines". Galactic Central Publications. Archived from the original on August 18, 2011. Retrieved August 18, 2011. A List of Pre-Golden Age Marvel Magazines (dead link) "Louis Silberkleit, Co-Founder of Archie Comics, Dies at 81", The New York Times February 25, 1986, with correction published February 27, 1986.